MAKILALA INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

MUNICIPALITY OF MAKILALA
Concepcion, Makilala, Cotabato
S.Y. 2024-2025

NSTP 2-CWTS

Course Number: NSTP 2-CWTS Instructor: Annalou P. Ruiz

Course Title: Civic Welfare Training Service Email: annalouruiz30@[Link]
Credit Units: 3 FB account: Annalou Piala Ruiz

TOPIC: Calamity and Disaster Preparedness

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
 Explain disaster management.
 Describe the Disaster Management Plan
 Identify the four parts of disaster management.
 Discuss the purpose of emergency planning.
 Determine the levels of emergency.

COURSE CONTENT:

Calamity and disaster are both nouns that refer to an event that causes great harm, damage, or distress.

Calamity and Disaster Preparedness

Disaster - It is a disturbance of a normal condition whether man-made or natural. This will cause damage to lives, properties,
and geographical contour of the area depending on the magnitude of effect. Disasters happen when communities alone cannot
manage an emergency resulting from hazards, using their own resources. Thus, the community requires external assistance
because the damage and destruction exceed their abilities and capacities.

Disaster Management - It includes the development of disaster recovery plans, for minimizing the risk of disaster recovery
plans, for minimizing the risks of disasters and for handling them when they do occur and the implementation of such plans.
Disaster management usually refers to the management of natural catastrophes such as fire, flooding, or earthquakes.

 DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT (DRRM) - Is a range of activities (preparedness,

mitigation, prevention, emergency response, recovery) that contribute to increasing capacities and reducing
immediate and long-term vulnerabilities to prevent, or at least minimize the damaging impact in a
community

The Disaster Management Plan envisages the need for providing appropriate action so as to minimize loss of life/property
and for restoration of normalcy within the minimum time.

Emergency or Disaster Management is a comprehensive system set up to address and handle natural and man-made
hazards. If has four parts:

1. Prevention/Mitigation – activities that reduce the effects of disasters.

Examples: building codes and zoning; vulnerability analyses; public education
2. Preparedness – activities prior to a disaster.
Examples: preparedness plans; emergency exercises/training; warning systems
3. Response – activities during a disaster.
Examples: public warning systems; emergency operations; search and rescue
4. Recovery – activities following (after) a disaster/.
Examples: temporary housing; claims processing and grants; long-term medical care and counseling

Purpose of Emergency Planning

1. Minimize damage.
2. Ensure the safety of staff, customers/clients and Public.
3. Protect vital records/assets.
4. Provide for continuity of operations.

Emergency Classification

1. Level 1 Emergency – a local accident with likely impact only to immediate surroundings of accident site such as
local fires, and limited release of inflammable material. The impact distance may not be more than 15 meters from the
site of primary accident and may require evacuation of the building/area where accident occurred and utmost the
adjacent building/area.
2. Level 2 Emergency – a major accident with potential threats to life and property up to 500-meter distance requiring
the evacuation of all personnel from the threatened area except the emergency response personnel. Larger fires,
release of large quantities of inflammable materials may belong to emergency level 2.
3. Level 3 Emergency – an accident involving a very serious hazard and with likely impact area extending beyond
500 meters from the operational area such as major fire, flood, very large release of inflammable material etc. In a
 level 3 emergency, evacuation of population in adjacent villages may sometime become necessary if threatened area
extend to adjoining the site of the primary accident in a direction of maximum impact.

TOPIC: Basic Fire safety/training

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
 Define what is fire.
 Explain how the fire triangle works.
 Describe the types of removing fire.
 Identify the classes of fire.
 Determine the types of fire extinguishers and when to use them.
 Demonstrate the PASS Method of Fire Fighting.
 Discuss what do to in case of fire emergency.

What is fire?

 A process in which substances combine chemically with oxygen from the air and typically give out bright light, heat,
and smoke; combustion or burning.
 It is a product of combustible materials. In order to produce fire, there must be fuel, oxygen and heat.

Fire Triangle

The fire triangle or combustion triangle is a simple model for understanding the necessary
ingredients for most fires. The triangle illustrates the three elements a fire needs to ignite:
heat, fuel, and an oxidizing agent (usually oxygen). A fire naturally occurs when the elements
are present and combined in the right mixture. A fire can be prevented or extinguished by
removing any one of the elements.

Types of Removing Fire

1. Cooling – removal of heat. The best cooling media is water.

2. Smothering – reducing % of oxygen. Cutting off the supply of oxygen through blanketing or
using foam.
3. Starvation – removal of fuel or removal of combustible material nearby.

Classes of Fire

1. Class A – Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material such as wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics.
2. Class B – Flammable liquids and gases such as gasoline, kerosene, paint, paint thinners and propane.
3. Class C – Energized electrical equipment like computers, servers, motors, transformers, and appliances.
4. Class D – Combustible metals such as magnesium, titanium, potassium, and sodium.
5. Class K – Cooking oils and greases like animal and vegetable fats.

Types of Fire Extinguishers

Their uses and their color coding according to BS EN 3: 1996

The contents of an extinguisher is indicated by a color zone on the body of the extinguisher.

`1. Water

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Standard Water Extinguishers contain water and compressed gas. The word ‘water’ or ‘aqua’ is printed across their body with
a bright red label color. They can only be used on Class A fires, usually in a non-restrictive environment like schools, retail
stores, and buildings.

Warning: Do not use water on fires caused by fat, oil, and electrical appliances.

`2. Foam

Foam Fire Extinguishers are red with a cream rectangle on their bodies. They are commonly used to fight Class B fires or
flammable liquids. However, because they are a water-based foaming agent, they can also be utilized for Class A fires. They are
also required for buildings where flammable liquids and organic material are found, like hospitals, apartments, schools, and
office buildings.

Warning: Do not use foam on fires caused by flammable metals, electronic equipment, and in scenarios like kitchen fires.

3. Powder

Dry Powder Extinguishers, also known as ABC extinguishers, are effective at tackling Class A, B, and C fires caused by solids,
liquids, and gases. They are also sometimes used for electrical-related fire incidents. You can identify Dry Powder
Extinguishers through their blue label color. Because they cannot be used in enclosed spaces, they are generally suggested for
businesses with large boiler rooms, LPG plants, welding services, and garage forecourts.

Warning: Although this kind of extinguishers can be used in electrical fires, it is essential to note that they should not be used
on fires involving electrical equipment over 1000v. Do not also use dry powder on scenarios like kitchen fires and other fires
in enclosed spaces.

4. Carbon Dioxide

Carbon Dioxide Extinguishers are used on putting out Class B and electrical fires. They can be identified through the white text
‘Carbon Dioxide’ or ‘CO2’ printed in a black rectangle. They are particularly useful for offices and workshops where electrical
fires would most likely occur, such as server rooms and technology stores.

Warning: Do not use CO2 extinguishers on fires caused by flammable metals, paper, textiles, and in scenarios like kitchen fires.

5. Wet Chemical

Wet Chemical Fire Extinguishers are identifiable by the ‘wet chemical’ in the red text printed on a yellow label. This type of
extinguisher is specifically designed to combat Class F fires, or also known as ‘cooking fires.’ They are most recommended for
businesses involving cooking oils and burning fats, like commercial kitchens, canteens, and restaurants.

Warning: Do not use wet chemical extinguishers on class B and C fires, as well as on electrical fires. (Abanilla, 2021)

PASS Method of Fire Fighting

P – ull the pin

A – im the nozzle

S – queeze the lever

S – weep from side to side

What to do during fire emergency

 Crawling on smoke – in case of fire, there will be an

enormous smoke which will fade our vision, to overcome

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 that, we have t crawl down to save our life. Always remember that fire kills slowly but smoke will kill immediately and
instantly.
 Remember the DO’S and DON’TS if fire occurred:

DO’S DON’TS
 Stop work and escape from the workplace.  Do not collect personal belongings.
 Assembly at fire assembly point.  Do not rush and panic.
 Call emergency number.  Never use elevators/lifts under any
 If small fire and if you are trained, you can use circumstances.
fire extinguisher.  Do not hide.

Do the FIRE Method:

F – ind what type the fire is.

I – nform everyone by raising the alarm.

R -eact immediately, restrict the fire by closing doors, isolating the fuel/electricity supply

E – xtinguish the fire by using the correct type of fire extinguisher.

TOPIC: Basic First Aid

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
 Define what is First Aid.
 Explain the 3Ps of First Aid.
 Determine the ABCDs of First Aid
 Identify examples of basic materials for a First Aid kit.
 Discuss the legal issues of First Aid.
 Explain Basic Life Support (BLS)

COURSE CONTENT

FIRST AID – It is the immediate assistance or treatment given to someone injured or suddenly taken ill before the arrival of an
ambulance, doctor, or other appropriately qualified person.
Some self-limiting illnesses or minor injuries may only require first aid intervention, and no further treatment. First aid
generally consists of some simple, often life-saving techniques that most people can be trained to perform with minimal
equipment. First aid usually refers to administration of care to a human, although it can also be done on animals. The
aim of first aid is to prevent a deterioration of the patient's situation, to aid recovery, and to preserve life. Technically, it is not
classed as medical treatment and should not be compared to what a trained medical professional might do. First aid is a
combination of some simple procedures, plus the application of common sense.

The 3Ps of First Aid

P Prevent further injury

P Promote recovery
P Preserve life

1. Prevent further injury - the patient must be kept stable and his/her condition must not worsen before medical
services arrive. This may include moving the patient out of harm's way, applying first aid techniques, keeping
him/her warm and dry, applying pressure to wounds to stop bleeding, etc.
2. Promote recovery - this may include applying a plaster (bandage) to a small wound; anything that may help in the
recovery process.
3. Preserve life - this is the main aim of first aid; to save lives. This includes the life of the first aider, the casualty
(the victim, the injured/sick person), and bystanders.

What are the vital first aid skills?

ABC (and sometimes D) The most common term referred to in first aid is ABC, which stands for Airway, Breathing, and
Circulation. In fact, the term also is commonly used among emergency health professionals. The D stands for Deadly
bleeding or Defibrillation.

The ABCDs of First Aid

A Airway
B Breathing
C Circulation
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 D Deady Bleeding or Defibrillation

1. Airway – the first aider needs to make sure the casualty's airway is clear. Chocking, which results from the
obstruction of airways, can be fatal.
2. Breathing - when the first aider has determined that the airways are not obstructed, he/she must determine
the casualty's adequacy of breathing, and if necessary provide rescue breathing.
3. Circulation - if the casualty is not breathing the first aider should go straight for chest compressions and rescue
breathing. The chest compressions will provide circulation. The reason is time - checking circulation to a
nonbreathing casualty consumes time that could be used with chest compressions and rescue breathing. With less
serious casualties (those that are breathing), the first aider needs to check the casualty's pulse.
4. Deadly bleeding or Defibrillation - some organizations have this fourth step, while others include this as part of
circulation.

How to evaluate and maintain the ABCs of a patient depends on how well trained the first aider is. As soon as ABC has
been secured the first aider can then focus on any additional treatments.

Basic Materials for a First Aid Kit

1. Guidance Cards
2. Disposable Gloves
3. 20 Adhesive Dressings
4. 6 Medium Sterile Dressings
5. Cleansing wipes
6. 2 Large Sterile Dressings
7. 6 Triangular Bandages
8. 6 Safety Pins
9. 2 Sterile Eye Pads
10. Plastic Face Shield
11. 2 Extra Sterile Dressings
12. Cling Film
13. Thermometer
14. Foil Blanket
15. Bloodstopper dressing
16. Scalp dressing
17. Instant cold pack
18. Duct tape

Basic Life Support

Basic Life Support, or BLS, generally refers to the type of care that first-responders, healthcare providers and public safety
professionals provide to anyone who is experiencing cardiac arrest, respiratory distress or an obstructed airway. It requires
knowledge and skills in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), using automated external defibrillators (AED) and relieving
airway obstructions in patients of every age.

TOPIC: Drug Education

INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES:
 Define the important terms related to drug education and prevention.
 Discuss the salient points of the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 (RA 9165)
 Identify the most commonly abused drugs and their ill effects.
 Explain the reasons for abusing drugs.
 Describe the common signs of drug abuse.
 Determine the effects of drug abuse.
 Identify the classification of drug abusers.
 Discuss the role of youth in drug abuse prevention.

COURSE CONTENT

THE IMPORTANT TERMS RELATED TO DRUG EDUCATION AND PREVENTION

1. DRUGS
Drugs are chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring about physiological, emotional, or behavioral change.
• ‘Dangerous drugs’ - are those that have high tendency for abuse and dependency, these substances may be organic or
synthetic, and pose harm to those who use them.

2. DRUG ABUSE
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Drug abuse is the continuous misuse of any substance, licit, illicit which results to changes in an individual’s physical, mental
or behavioral condition. Drug abuse exists when a person continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This
continued use can lead to drug dependence.
Drug abuse is a problem which adversely affects our most precious resource- the Filipino youth. Hence, the Philippine
government through the Dangerous Drugs Board has taken the initiative to prevent this persistent social epidemic that
destroys the lives and aspirations of many young people.

3. DRUG DEPENDENCY
This is the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or drugs, experienced by a person
following the use of that substance on a periodic or continuous basis.
•Withdrawal reactions – experienced by a person dependent on drugs. It is also known as “cold turkey” (symptoms that
occur after long-term use of a drug is reduced or stopped abruptly) after abstaining from drugs.

4. DRUG OVERDOSE
Drug overdose is a serious matter. Unfortunately, many adults and teens suffer from its slings. Usually, drug overdose is a
mask, hiding other problems such as:
• Insecurity
• self-loathing
• sense of failure, or
• deep unabiding depression

These problems must also be addressed in order to prevent the “self-medication” which so many drug addicts do, thus
developing into a dangerous overdose.

5. ADDICTION
Drug addiction is a complex, and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by excessive drug craving, seeking, and use.
Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant drug use.

Drug abuse is not a matter of moral weakness or faulty willpower. It is a vicious cycle that actually causes changes in the brain,
leading to stronger and stronger impulses to use. Without help, drug abuse destroys families and takes lives. But there is hope.
Find out how to recognize the signs and symptoms of drug abuse or addiction in someone you care about or yourself. With the
right support and treatment, the road to recovery is possible.

It is time for everyone to keep abreast of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Act of 2002 especially to the school age young
people, this module contains important topics to educate, prevent, and give awareness on the menacing effect of drug abuse.

COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUG ACT OF 2002 (RA 9165)

Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002 or Republic Act 9165 is an act that supersedes R.A. 6425 or the Dangerous Drugs
Act of 1972.
• This amended law practices a more intensive approach against drug abuse, trafficking and enforcement.
• It also gives emphasis on the role of the educational system in information dissemination and prevention campaign.
• It re-evaluates the procedures, policies and programs concerning drug abuse.
• It highlights the importance of rehabilitation and reintegration of rehabilitated individuals to society.

THESE ARE SOME OF THE IMPORTANT PROVISIONS IN THE LAW:

• DIFFERENT UNLAWFUL ACTS AND PENALTIES OF DRUG ABUSERS

SEC. 5 Sale, Trading, Administration, Dispensation, Delivery, Distribution and Transportation of Dangerous Drugs and/or
Controlled Precursors and Essential Chemicals
SEC. 6 Maintenance of a Den, Dive or Resort
SEC. 11 Possession of Dangerous Drugs
SEC. 15 Use of Dangerous Drugs
SEC. 19 Unlawful Prescription of Dangerous Drugs

• DANGEROUS DRUGS TEST AND RECORD REQUIREMENTS

SEC. 36 Authorized Drug Testing

• PARTICIPATION OF THE FAMILY, STUDENTS, TEACHERS AND SCHOOL AUTHORITIES IN THE ENFORCEMENT OF THE
ACT
SEC. 46 Special Drug Education Center

• PROGRAM FOR TREATMENT AND REHABILITATION OF DRUG DEPENDENTS

SEC. 54 Voluntary Submission of a Drug Dependent to Confinement, Treatment and Rehabilitation
SEC. 60 Confidentiality of Records under the Voluntary Submission Program
SEC. 61 Compulsory Confinement of a Drug Dependent who Refuses to apply under the Voluntary Submission Program

MOST COMMONLY ABUSED DRUGS AND THEIR ILL EFFECTS

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1. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu) - It is found to have harmful effects to the brain. It changes how the brain
functions. Studies have shown that Methamphetamine abusers have reduced motor skills and impaired verbal learnings as a
result of alterations in the activity of the dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, experience of pleasure
and motor function.
• Street names: shabs, ice, meth, crystal, Kristal, basura, tawas and bato.
• Other adverse effects: Severe dental problems (meth mouth”), anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances and violent
behavior.

2. Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana) - It impairs a person’s ability to form new memories and to shift focus. Its active component,
tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also disrupt coordination and balance, posture, and reaction time (experience commonly referred
to as “spacing out”). Thus, chronic marijuana use significantly reduces a person’s:
 capacity to learn
 capacity to carry-out complicated tasks
 capacity to participate in sports
 capacity to drive and operate other machineries
 Studies also show that marijuana use can lead to lung cancer and other problems in the respiratory and immune
systems.

Street names: weed, jutes, pot, grass, damo, and chongke.

Health problems that come with the use of marijuana include: Problems with memory and learning, distorted perception
(sights, sounds, time, and touch), trouble with thinking and problem solving, loss of motor coordination and increased heart
rate and palpitations.

3. Inhalant (Contract Cement)- The effects of inhalants are similar to that of alcohol, including:
 slurred speech
 lack of coordination
 euphoria
 dizziness
 lightheadedness
 hallucinations
 delusions

Other harmful irreversible effects of inhalants include:

• Hearing loss, limb spasms, central nervous system or brain damage and bone marrow damage.

12 REASONS FOR ABUSING DRUGS

In an article from Recovery Connection (2019), it listed twelve (12) reasons why people use drugs. It explains that there are
circumstances that put a person to choice between properly using drugs and abusing it. Here are the reasons:

1. Experimenting – It is not uncommon for addiction to stem from a person being curious and experimenting with drugs or
alcohol. It is a scenario that often starts with a young person using alcohol or marijuana out of curiosity. While it seems
harmless, adolescents that experiment with drugs and alcohol are more likely to develop substance use disorder according to
the National Institute on Drug Abuse.

2. Family History / Genetics - If you have a family history of drug addiction, you may have a genetic predisposition to develop
an addiction to drugs or alcohol. It is stated that about 30% – 70% of a person’s risk for addiction is linked to the genes they
are born with along with other social factors.

3. Family Problems- Parents who always quarrel in front of the children and irresponsible parents who don’t have time for
their children.

4. Weak Personality, Desire to escape from reality- Lack of self-confidence and inferiority complex.

5. Prescription Drugs - There is a popular misconception that any medication prescribed by a doctor is safe. Unfortunately,
that is not always the case. Doctors prescribe medications to alleviate symptoms of physical or mental health issues. However,
many individuals are not properly educated on the risks that the medications may carry. Chronic pain is often managed
through opioid medications, which are highly addictive. Dependent upon the amount used and other factors, someone may
require a medical detox just to stop using opioids. Likewise, those suffering from anxiety and depression may be prescribed
addictive medications to ease symptoms. Non-addictive medication and/or pain recovery services are often available.

6. Loneliness - Addiction can start when an individual feels lonely or is isolated from the friends and family. They turn to
drugs and alcohol thinking that it will fill a void that they have been living with. People lacking positive daily interaction may
choose to use substances to feel happy or content. Additionally, users begin to alienate themselves further if they fear being
judged or that help is not available to them.

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7. Peer Pressure / Curiosity- Peer pressure usually applies to adolescents or young adults. The need to fit in, on some level, is
built into each and every one of us. Some people may feel the need to participate in potentially harmful activities to do so. The
pressure of being around others who are abusing drugs or alcohol can push someone to follow suit.

8. Drugs and Alcohol Can Make You Feel Good - There is a popular quote in the Big Book of Alcoholics Anonymous that
states: “Men and women drink essentially because they like the effect produced by alcohol.” While this seems obvious, some
people like the effect so much that they are unable to stop. It may be difficult to see the harm in something that makes you feel
good.

9. Mental Health Disorder - Depression, anxiety, and PTSD can put individuals at higher risk of developing an addiction.
Using substances to cope with difficult feelings may seem like an easier path for some. Though they may seem crippling at
times, there is help available to anyone struggling with a mental health disorder. Non-narcotic medications are often available
for most mental health disorders. It’s worth researching with a doctor to see if there is an alternative to addictive medications.

10. Recreation - Many people use drugs or alcohol socially with friends or to “unwind” after a long day. They often see
substances as a way to relax or clear their minds. Recreational drug users are still at risk to become addicted if their use
becomes more frequent or they use highly addictive substances.

11. Alcohol Isn’t Enough - For some, alcohol stops doing the trick. A few beers after work or having drinks with friends at a
local bar just doesn’t have the same effect that it used to. Some individuals end up “chasing a buzz” that they were once able to
attain with a few drinks. This can leave someone powerless over alcohol and unable to quit drinking.

12. Self-Medicating - People struggling with any of a multitude of ailments may turn to drugs or alcohol to ease their pain.
Mental health disorders and chronic pain leave some seeking solutions on their own. Alcohol or other substances can alleviate
symptoms and seem like a short-term solution. However, people should look for manageable, long-term solutions under
medical supervision to combat these issues.

COMMON SIGNS OF DRUG ABUSE

The profile of a drug dependent or a substance abuser is as follows. While not all of these signs mean that one person is
involved in drugs and there could be some other physical or emotional problem that is causing these behaviors, there is high
chance that drug use may be a possible if there is/are:

1. Changes in attendance in school or work

2. Changes in the normal capabilities in school/work
3. Abrupt changes in overall attitude becomes pessimistic, irritable and anxious all the time
4. Generally lazy, discourteous, aggressive
5. Asks to be left alone a lot and always tired (or makes it as an excuse to be left alone)
6. Usually untrustworthy and lacks self-confidence
7. Manipulative
8. Have a distorted view of reality
9. Loss of interest in hobbies or sports
10. Exhibits poor judgment
11. Finds it difficult to concentrate
12. Low frustration tolerance and frequent mood swings
13. Con-game player
14. Lacks interest in his studies/work (withdrawal from responsibilities)
15. Blames everybody but himself (blame tosser)
16. No respect for the rights of others becomes careless, often becomes involved in accidents, and becomes
implicated in a lot of flights
17. Prefers to stay with peers (barkada) /Suddenly changes friends (hang out with individuals known for their
drug use)
18. May frequently go to odd places (to take drugs)
19. Poor physical appearance (unconcerned with grooming and hygiene) and conduct (red or puffy eyes, weight
changes, constant complaints of headaches or stomachaches, shaking, incessant cough, brown stains on
fingertips, stumbling, or a constant runny nose)
20. Wearing of sunglasses at inappropriate times
21. Unusual effort to cover arms to hide needle marks (long- sleeved garments)
22. Stealing items which can be readily sold
23. Unusual borrowing of money from relatives and friends
24. Association with known drug abusers

THE FOLLOWING ARE THE EFFECTS OF DRUG ABUSE

In several sources, it has been indicated that there are many effects of drug abuse. The effects can be classified as follows:

1. Physiological/Physical Effects
A. Systemic
a. Cardiac (Heart) Pathology – irregularity of heart beat, elevated or lowered blood pressure, chest pain,
convulsions or death from cardiac arrest.
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 b. Pulmonary (Lung) Illnesses
c. Hepatic (Liver) Problems
d. Renal (Kidney) Diseases

B. General Health
a. Malnutrition or weight loss
b. Infections
c. Accidents
d. Blood Transmitted Disease

C. Usage
a. Tolerance – the individual needs more drugs to achieve the same effects they did previously with a smaller
amount
b. Dependence – the substance becomes the central point to the individual’s life and they can’t function
properly without it
c. Withdrawal – this happens when the individual reduced or stopped the substance use.
d. Overdose – the level of intoxication reaches a point where it begins to produce physical and/or
psychological harm. This can lead to death.

2. Psychological/Mental Health Effects

A. Perception – auditory and visual hallucinations
B. Orientation – paranoia, psychosis
C. Memory
D. Judgement – depression that lead to suicide
E. Stress – either heightening or weakening of emotions

3. Economic Effects
A. Employment loss – individuals lose their effectivity and efficiency in the work place
B. Academic difficulties – for the youth, being unable to accomplish their course work can affect their performance
at school and their grades
C. Financial problems – addiction to substance requires more monetary resources since the individual is forced to
consume more of the substance to get their fix

4. Social Effects
A. Conflictual / Dysfunctional Relationships – an individual under the influence of drugs creates tension and
conflict with their family members and among their peers that can result in broken relationships and abandonment.
B. Violence – some of the chemicals in the abused substance can impaired the mind to think illogically and to act
aggressively that can have the individual act violently in social settings.
C. Safety – an individual under the influence of drugs can put someone in dangerous circumstances and can be prone
to accidents.

CLASSIFICATION OF DRUG ABUSERS

Substance abusers can be classified according to the frequency of their substance use.

1. Experimenters – people who abuse the drug(s) for experimental basis.

2. Occasional Users – abuse the drug occasionally/whenever there are special occasions. They abuse the drug once every two
(2) weeks to two (2) times a week.
3. Regular Users – abuse the drug on a regular basis approximately three (3) to four (4) times a week or every other day.
4. Drug Dependents – people who tend to abuse the drug(s) everyday (almost everyday) or about five (5) to seven (7) times a
week.
5. Mentally Ill Chemical Abuser/Substance Induced Psychosis – drug abusers who manifest signs and symptom of
psychotic disorders caused by the effects of drugs (hallucinations, disorientation, delusions, etc.)

THE ROLE OF THE YOUTH IN DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION

As drug abuse and addiction is prevalent in younger generation, it is imperative that the youth take part in its prevention and
rehabilitation efforts.

Youth group or organizations - can be a vehicle in which their community can help alleviate or eradicate the possibility of
drug abuse.

Whether individually or as a group, the youth is a good driving force that could shape the drug abuse prevention initiative of
the country. Here are some ways the youth can step up in this endeavor:

1. UNDERSTAND- Know the concept and reality of drug abuse. Having a grasp of the addiction can help in avoiding it and
watching out for others.

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2. LISTEN- Open yourself up in the knowledge of the experts and experiences of others that have undergone the abuse. Hear
the stories and get their lessons to heart.
3. SHARE - Share your knowledge and network in aiding others towards being informed and recognizing their role in drug
prevention.
4. ENCOURAGE- Give your peers and family members a good push in the right direction whether its prevention or
rehabilitation.
5. SUPPORT- Take part in activities beneficial in the drug abuse prevention initiative. Add your presence to the growing force
tackling this issue.
6. ORGANIZE- Great minds think alike. Having a mutual goal, it is more purposeful to combine efforts and sources to create a
bigger impact about the concern.
7. INFORM- Approached appropriate government agencies regarding incidents and cases of drug abuse.

Community Leaders’ Advocacy to Prevent Drug Abuse

1. Plan and implement social action programs involving young people, civic groups, professionals and religious organizations
to improve life in the community. The following activities must be implemented in the community:
A. Parent Education Programs
B. Recreational, Social, and Sports Programs
C. Vocational/skills Development and Training Programs
D. Youth Development Programs
E. Seminars on Drug Education

2. Participate and assist in the implementation of RA 6425 also known as the Dangerous Drug Act of 1972 by:
a. Motivating known drug abusers to undergo treatment and rehabilitation;
b. Reporting drug pushers, drug den maintainers, and drug traffickers to the law enforcement agencies or authorities
c. Encouraging and supporting the establishment of community guidance clinics for drug users;
d. Helping after-care rehabilitated clients to be accepted back to their community and involving them in meaningful
and productive activities; and
e. Helping discharged clients strengthen their moral and spiritual values.

What should the CWTS students and parents do to help prevent drug abuse?

The CWTS students can help parents in the following aspects:

1. Create a warm and friendly atmosphere in the home.

2. Assist parents in developing effective means of communication with their children, and for the children to be open
and honest to their parents.
3. Help parents learn how to understand and accept their children for who they are.
4. Assist parents on how to listen and respect the opinions of their children.
5. Motivate parents to develop strategies on how to be with their children in spite of their being busy.
6. Educate parents on how to strengthen the moral and spiritual values of their children.
[Link] parents on how to teach responsibility to their children by giving duties commensurate to their age.

END OF MIDTERM.

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