Syllabus of Web Technology for

[Link]. Computer Science and [Link]. Software Development

First Year as per NEP-2020 (Course Code SDSCMT1101)

Module No. Unit No. Hrs. Required to

Topic
cover the contents
1.0 Introduction of Web
1.1 History of WWW.
1.2 Role of Web browser and web Server.
7
1.3 Client side Programming
1.4 IDE applications of HTML.
1.5 Web Protocols HTTP & FTP
2.0 Introduction of HTML
2.1 Structure of HTML
2.2 What is Tags & attributes of HTML
Create web page using Headings, 8
2.3
Paragraph, BR & HR
2.4 Image Tag
2.5 Marquee Tag
3.0 Core Concepts of HTML
3.1 Creating Ordered & Unordered List
3.2 Creating Anchor Tag
8
3.3 Using frame in HTML
3.4 Creating Table in HTML
3.5 Creating Form Input and validation
4.0 HTML 5
4.1 Introduction to HTML 5
7
4.2 Advantage and Disadvantages
4.3 Elements in HTML 5
Total 30

Reference Books:
1. HTML The complete Reference -2nd Edition Thomas A. Powel Tata McGraw Hill publication
2. The complete Reference (HTML & XHTML)- 5th Edition Thomas A. Powel Tata McGraw Hill
publication
 UNIT I
Introduction of Web
1.1 History of WWW.
1.2 Role of Web browser and web Server.
1.3 Client side Programming
1.4 IDE applications of HTML.
1.5 Web Protocols HTTP & FTP

1.1 History of WWW.

Tim Berners-Lee, a British scientist, invented the World
Wide Web (WWW) in 1989, while working at CERN
(European Council for Nuclear Research (in French Conseil
Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire)) laboratory in Geneva,
Switzerland.
The Web was originally conceived and developed to
meet the demand for automated information-sharing
between scientists in universities and institutes around Tim Berners-Lee, pictured at CERN (Image: CERN)
the world.
CERN is not an isolated laboratory, but rather the central point for an extensive community that
includes more than 17,000 scientists from over 100 countries. Although they typically spend
some time on the CERN site, the scientists usually work at universities and national laboratories
in their home countries. Reliable communication tools are therefore essential.
The basic idea of the WWW was to merge the evolving technologies of computers, data networks
and hypertext into a powerful and easy to use global information system.
March 1989, Tim Berners-Lee wrote the first proposal for the World Wide Web.
May 1990, Proposed his second proposal which outlined the principal concepts and it defined
important terms behind the Web. The document described a "hypertext project" called
"WorldWideWeb" in which a "web" of "hypertext documents" could be viewed by “browsers”.
December 1990, the first Website, Web server and browser go up and running live at CERN,
demonstrating his ideas. He developed the code for his Web server on a NeXT computer. Only
a few users had access to a NeXT computer platform on which the first browser ran. To prevent
it being accidentally switched off, the computer had a hand-written label in red ink: "This
machine is a server. DO NOT POWER IT DOWN!!"
The first web browser which was sophisticated but available only on NeXT machines. To access
www from other machines there was development soon started to create on a simpler browser,
which could run on any system. That was the ‘line-mode’ browser, which was easy to install
and run on any platform but limited in power and user-friendliness.

[Link] was the address of the world's first website running at CERN. The WWW design
allowed easy access to existing information and an early web page linked to information useful
to CERN scientists (e.g. the CERN phone book and guides for using CERN’s central computers).
December 1991, the first Web server in the US came online

Early in 1993, released a first version of its Mosaic browser run on other than NeXT computers
like windows computers.

On 30 April 1993, CERN made the source code of WorldWideWeb available on a royalty-free
basis, making it free software.

In 1994, Berners-Lee left CERN to join MIT and founded the International World Wide Web
Consortium (W3C).

1.2 Role of Web browser and web Server.

A web browser and a web server work together to access an internet websites.

Web browser
A software application that allows users to view and interact with web pages, including
navigating, zooming, bookmarking, and managing cookies and extensions. The browser also
interprets and renders the web page's HTML, CSS, and JavaScript code on the user's device.
Example: Google Chrome, Microsoft Edge, Apple Safari, Mozilla Firefox, etc.
Web server
A computer program or software that hosts (stores) websites and provides services to other
applications, such as web browsers, by serving web pages and other resources. The server can
also store and organize website pages, manage traffic, secure websites, and log activity.
When a user agent, like a web browser, requests a web page or resource using HTTP or HTTPS,
the server responds with the requested content or an error message. The hardware used to run a
web server can vary depending on the volume of requests it needs to handle.

Example: Apache Tomcat, IIS (Microsoft Internet Information Services), Oracle iPlanet Web
Server

Fig. Role of web browser and web server

Difference Between Web Browser and Web Server

Web Browser Web Server

1) It is a type of software that we use for 1) It is a type of software that searches,
browsing and displaying web pages finds, and provides documents to the
from the internet. browsers, as requested by them.
2) It demands webpages from web 2) It supplies webpages to the web browser.
server.
3) A web browser transmits an HTTP 3) A web server basically receives the
request to the server and gets an HTTP HTTP request from the browser and
response back. responds to it using an HTTP response.

4) The web browsers basically store their 4) The web servers provide their users with
users’ data in the local client machines a separate folder area to store the
using cookies. websites and the web pages contained in
them.
5) We install a web browser on the 5) One can easily install a web server
machine/ device of the user- like a anywhere. But the server needs to be on
laptop, desktop, tablet, smartphone, a local computer or on a network.
etc.
 1.3 Client Side Programming.

It is the program that runs on the client machine (browser) and deals with the user
interface/display and any other processing that can happen on client machine like
reading/writing cookies. Client Side Programming is a part of Client-side development or
sometimes referred to as front-end development.
1) Make interactive web pages
2) Storing cookies on client machine
3) Send request to server
4) Work as an interface between server and user

What is front-end development?

It is a type of development that involves programs that run on a client's or user's device.
Client-side developers focus on creating the part of a website with which the user interacts.
This type of development focuses on the front part of an application that users can see. Client-
side developers complete a variety of tasks, including:
1. Creating website layouts
2. Designing user interfaces
3. Adding form validation
4. Reviewing the performance of websites
5. Adding visual design elements like colors and fonts
6. Making website features more functional

The Programming languages for client-side programming are as follows:

1) HTML:
 HTML stands for HyperText Markup Language and it is used to create webpages.
 It uses HTML tags and attributes to describe the structure and formatting of a web page.
 HTML consists of various elements that are responsible for telling web browser how to
display page content. For example, headings, lists, images, links, and more.

2) CSS:

 CSS stands for Cascading style sheets. CSS is the language that is used to design and style
HTML documents. In simple words, cascading style sheets are a language used to simplify
the process of making a webpage.
  CSS is used to handle some parts of the webpage. With the help of CSS, we can control
the color of text and style of fonts, and we can control the spacing between the paragraph
and many more things.
 CSS is easy to understand but provides strong control on the Html documents.
 CSS code is combined with HTML code.

3) JavaScript:

 Javascript is a dynamic computer programming language. JavaScript is an object-based

scripting language.
 JavaScript was originally developed in 1995 by Brendan Eich. All popular web browsers
support JavaScript as they provide built-in execution environments.
 JavaScript follows the syntax and structure of the C programming language. Thus, it is a
structured programming language.
 Supported to and integrated with Java programming language.
 Supported to and integrated with HTML.
 JavaScript is open source and cross-platform (works well with all browsers and operating
systems).

1.4 IDE applications of HTML

What is an IDE?
An IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is
software application that combines commonly used
developer tools like a code editor, code compiler
and code debugger.

IDEs are commonly used by programmers and

software developers to make their programming
journey smoother. IDEs increase programmer or
developer’s productivity, code quality, and overall
development experience.
Importance of IDEs
Without IDE we can write code of HTML in a simple text editor like Notepad. However,
IDEs offer some advanced features that go beyond ordinary editing. IDE providing frequently
used developer tools all in one simple interface.

Features of an IDE
1. Code Editor: Providing language-specific auto-completion as you type.
2. Compiler: A compiler interprets human-readable code into machine-specific code that can
be executed on different operating.
3. Debugger: A tool that can test and debug applications and graphically point out the
locations of bugs or errors.
4. Extensions and Plugins: Extensions and Plugins are used to extend the functionality.
5. Code navigation: Access, Analyse and Navigate code.

Advantages of using IDE

1. Project Management: IDEs make viewing the project directory structure using explorer
option much simpler which breaks down the tedious tasks of working with multiple files.
2. Saving time and Effort: IDEs provide auto complete code and quickly highlight the error
in your code. IDE also automatically perform building, testing, and deploying your code,
through these it eliminating the need to manually run each task.
3. Increase Productivity: IDEs can increase your productivity by providing a centralized
location for all of your development needs, from writing and editing code to debugging and
deploying.

Disadvantages of using IDE

1. Frequent Updates: IDE need constant updates, such as new samples, templates, and
features.
2. Cost: Some IDE is Expensive or needs additional costs to unlock some features.

Examples
1. Visual Studio
Visual Studio is developed by Microsoft. It is used to develop DOT NET programs
including websites, web apps, web services etc.
2. Visual Studio Code
VS Code, is a source-code editor developed by Microsoft for all operating system.
 It supports almost all programming languages.

3. Eclipse
It is the most-popular IDE for Java development.

4. Sublime text
Sublime Text is a free-software licenses for text and source code editor available for
Windows, macOS, and Linux. It natively supports many programming languages and
markup languages.

5. PyCharm
PyCharm is used for Python programming. PyCharm is developed by the company
JetBrains.

6. Adobe Dreamweaver
It was created by Macromedia company in 1997 and developed by them until Macromedia
was acquired by Adobe Systems company in 2005.

1.5 Web Protocols HTTP & FTP

What is Protocol?
In Network, a protocol is a set of established rules that specify how to format, send and receive
data so that network computers, servers and other devices can communicate with each other.
1) HTTP:
 Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a communications protocol.
 It is used to send and receive webpages and files on the internet.
 It was developed by Tim Berners-Lee. This is the foundation for data communication for the
World Wide Web (i.e. internet).
 HTTP is client/server protocol.
 Basically, HTTP is a TCP/IP based communication protocol, that is used to deliver data
(HTML files, image files, query results, etc.) on the World Wide Web. HTTP is IP based
communication protocol that is used to deliver data from server to client or vice-versa.
 HTTP protocol have responsibility to transfer a generated request from client to server and
get response from server via network/internet.
 HTTP specification specifies how clients' request data will be constructed and sent to the
server, and how the servers respond to these requests.
HTTP Request:
The information or data that is needed by Internet browsers for loading a website is simply
known as HTTP Request. HTTP Request generate from Web browser from client machine.

HTTP Response:
HTTP Response is simply the answer or output getting from Web Server when the request is
raised. Request generate from Web server from server machine.

HTTP is state-less:

The HTTP client, i.e., a browser creates an HTTP request and after a request is made, the client
disconnects from the server and waits for a response. The server processes the request and re-
establishes the connection with the client to send a response back. The server and client are
aware of each other only during a current request. Afterwards, both of them forget about each
other. Due to this nature of the protocol. Browser send request and wait for response for that
there is no need to create and maintain current live connection.

2) FTP Protocol:

 The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used to transfer
computer files between a client and server on a computer network.
 The original specification for the File Transfer Protocol was written by Abhay Bhushan,
he is the author of the File Transfer Protocol (which he started working on while he was
a student at IIT-Kanpur).
 It may be used by a business or individual to transfer files from one computer system to
another or by websites to upload or download files from their servers.
  Users require an internet connection in order to execute FTP transfers.
 FTP is now commonly used to store files in the cloud, which is usually a secure location
that is held and accessed remotely.
 FTP applications are used to upload website on webserver.
 Using FTP we would able to easily stream video content, make video calls, play online
games, share files, or enjoy cloud storage.

FTP is state-full
FTP is state full connection protocol that means FTP is built on a client-server model
architecture and uses separate online live data connections between the client and the
server. The process works when one computer allows another to send or receive files over the
internet.

--- THE END OF UNIT I ---