Conilon and Robusta Coffee Research Guide
Conilon and Robusta Coffee Research Guide
23-175882 CDD-633.730981
Index Keywords
Coffee : History : Brazil 633.730981
Research and Development in
CONILON and ROBUSTA COFFEE
São Mateus – ES
2024
Dedication
We dedicate this book to the GREAT PIONEER coffee farmers who make a living
for their families on a daily basis from this MARVELLOUS species.
The authors...
Foreword
This book summarizes and illustrates the way the Center for Research Excellence
in Conilon Coffee works and how its research and development projects are carried
out.
The fascinating beauty of coffee flowers and evolution of fruit maturation are
shown and several genotypes registered by UFES, among others, are presented.
This illustrative material informs about coffee - for centuries the main crop in
the state of Espírito Santo and Brazil.
Authors
Fábio Luiz Partelli: Farmer up to the age of 18. Graduation in Agricultural Engineering at the Federal University of Espírito Santo - UFES
(2002). Master’s and Doctoratel degrees in Plant Production at the state University of Northern Rio de Janeiro - UENF (2004/2008),
with part-time studies in Portugal. Professor and advisor of scientific initiation, master and doctoral students. Publication of over
200 scientific articles. Coordinator of the Postgraduate Program in Tropical Agriculture (2013 - 2017). Research Director at UFES
since 2018. CNPq Research Productivity Scholarship Holder (CNPq Fellow), level 1B.
Lucas Louzada Pereira: PhD in Production Engineering, UFRGS (2017); professor at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (Ifes).
Focus on research into coffee quality control and fermentation. Certified Q-Grader of the Coffee Quality Institute, holder of a CNPq
Research Productivity Scholarship and responsible for the Coffee Design research group.
Gleison Oliosi: Agricultural Engineer (2014) and Master’s degree in Tropical Agriculture (2017) at the Federal University of Espírito
Santo - UFES, Campus São Mateus. Agricultural Technician at the Experimental Farm of the University Center of Northern Espírito
Santo (Ceunes), and doctoral student in Genetics and Breeding at UFES.
Alex Campanharo: Graduation in Agricultural Engineering, UFES (2016). Master’s student in Tropical Agriculture at Ceunes/UFES.
Agricultural Technician at an experimental farm of Ceunes/UFES, technical consultant and doctoral student in Genetics and
Breeding, UFES.
André Monzoli Covre: Graduation in Agricultural Engineering, UFES (2013). Master’s degree in Tropical Agriculture, UFES (2015).
Technical consultant and coffee grower.
Niquisse José Alberto: Graduation in Agricultural Sciences, Catholic University of Mozambique (2016). Master’s student in Breeding,
UFES (2022). Doctoral student in Genetics and Breeding, Ufes.
Henzo Pezzin Salvador: Agricultural Technician at Ceteps II (2016). Graduation in Agricultural Engineering, UFES (2022). Technical
consultant and coffee grower in Southern Bahia. Master’s student in Tropical Agriculture, UFES.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS TO THE SUPPORTERS OF THIS BOOK
We are indebted to the funders of this project, who made its completion.
GENERAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
To the Farmers and Institutions who hosted and inparticipated in the field experiments, for competition trials, namely: Atayde
Armani, Daniel Trevizani Covre, Diego Zancanella Bonomo, Fazenda Experimental da Ufes - Campus São Mateus, Instituto Federal
Goiyear, Julio Antonio Saraiva Aguilar, Luis Marcos Stocco, Sebastião Ton, Valcir Meneguelli Rodrigues, Thekson Pianissoli and
Welington Luís Covre.
To the main sponsors of several research and extension projects, the Espírito Santo Research and Innovation Support
Foundation - FAPES.
To other important sponsors of several studies, such as the Fund for Research Support– FAP of UFES, the National Council
for Scientific and Technological Development – CNPq and the Brazilian Federal Agency for Support and Evaluation of Graduate
Education – CAPES.
SUMMARY
Ch.10 Knowledge transfer – courses and technical field visits ....................................................................... 149
CHAPTER 1
Center of research excellence in Conilon coffee
[Link]
The Center of Research Excellence in Conilon Coffee is represented by staff dedicated to research on and the technological
development of Conilon/Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora). Several of the professors/researchers and undergraduate and
postgraduate students (Scientific Initiation, Master’s, Doctorate and Post-doctorate) of the Center have and are involved in ongoing
studies on Conilon coffee, mainly in the area of breeding, physiology, nutrition and overall management.
The head office is located at the Coffee Research Laboratory of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, Campus São Mateus,
and is supported by FAPES, CAPES, CNPq and farmers. Some of the partner universities and institutions are UENF, EMBRAPA, UNIR,
UFRJ, IFES, INCAPER, IAC, EMATER-MG, UFV, UNICAMP, Brazilian Cooperation Agency-Itamarati, University of Lisbon-Portugal,
National Institute of Agricultural and Veterinarian Research -Portugal, Gorongosa National Park-Mozambique, National Coffee
Institute-Angola, and others.
The Center has promoted the publication of scientific articles and renowned journals, approval of research projects, publication
of books and book chapters, student guidance at undergraduate and graduate levels and has organized the Symposium of Conilon
Producers and the Symposium of Research and Technologies in Coffea canephora.
The Center is seated at the Federal University of Espírito Santo – UFES, which has stood out in the last 10 years as the institution
that published the most scientific articles about Conilon coffee in the Scopus database (as well as Web of Science) in the world.
CHAPTER 2
REGISTERED CULTIVARS DEVELOPED BY UFES
In the last few years, the Center of Research Excellence in Conilon Coffee of the Federal University of Espírito Santo, suppor-
ted by several institutions, has released six Coffea canephora cultivars. Some have unprecedented features, for example, cv. Andina
(Table 1) - the first cultivar with improved low-temperature tolerance; cv. Monte Pascoal (Table 2) – the first adapted to the state of
Bahia; cv. Salutar (Table 3) - the first with higher grain contents of soluble solids and chlorogenic acids; cv. Forte Guarani (Table 4)
- the first with a high caffeine content. In addition, cv. Tributun, the first UFES cultivar, (Table 5) and cv. Plena (Table 6), which, in a
series of evaluations and six harvests, produced on average more than 100 bags per hectare. The complete description of these cul-
tivars is also given in some scientific articles and books published by the Symposium of Conilon Producers ([Link]).
Below some information about the genotypes of the above cultivars.
CHAPTER 3
ÁRABICA - ARARA
CHAPTER 4
CULTIVAR TRIBUTUM
CHAPTER 5
Conilon coffee-tree intercropping – São Mateus-ES (20 genotypes)
CHAPTER 6
A1 MATURATION x TIME
CHAPTER 7
DROUGHT in 2014 and 2015
DROUGHT in 2014 and 2015
DROUGHT in 2014 and 2015
CHARM OF THE FLOWERS
CHAPTER 8
CONILON COFFEE 134 ROBUSTA
FROM TREE TO CUP
CHAPTER 9
KNOWLEDGE TRANSFER
CHAPTER 10
BRAZIL
CHAPTER 11
This Symposium is an important event where technology the focus, and which
has been held annually for over 10 years, always with a large audience, renowned
speakers, awards for coffee growers and much more.
CHAPTER 12
Main articles about coffee Conilon/Robusta in the Web of Science database,
published by the Center of Research Excellence in Conilon Coffee
Marques, I., Fernandes, I., Paulo, O.S., Batista, D., Lidon, F.C., Partelli, F.L., Damatta, F.M., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I., Ramalho, J.C. Over expression
of water-responsive genes promoted by elevated CO2 reduces ROS and enhances drought tolerance in Coffea species.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, v. 24, p. 3210, 2023.
Rodrigues, M.J.L., Silva, C.A., Braun, H., Partelli, F.L. Nutritional balance and genetic diversity of Coffea canephora genotypes. Plants,
v. 12, p. 1451-1466, 2023.
Silva, L.O.E., Schmidt, R., Almeida, R.N, Feitoza, R.B.B., Cunha, M., Partelli, F.L. Morpho-agronomic and leaf anatomical traits in Coffea
canephora genotypes. Ciência Rural, v. 53, p. e20220005, 2023.
Tapaça, I.P.E., Mavuque, L., Corti, R., Pedrazzani, S., Maquia, I.S.A., Tongai, C., Partelli, F.L., Ramalho, J.C., Marques, I., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I.
Genomic evaluation of Coffea arabica and its wild relative Coffea racemosa in Mozambique: settling resilience keys for the
coffee crop in the context of climate change. Plants, v. 12, p. 2044-2055, 2023.
Zaidan, I.R., Ferreira, A., Noia, L.R., Santos, J.G., De Arruda, V.C., Do Couto, D.P., Braz, R.A., De Brites Senra, J.F., Partelli, F.L., Azevedo, C.F.,
Da Silva Ferreira, M.F. Diversity and structure of Coffea canephora from old seminal crops in Espírito Santo, Brazil: genetic
resources for coffee breeding. Tree Genetics & Genomes, v. 19, p. 1-19, 2023.
Cassamo, C.T., Mangueze, A.V. J., Leitão, A.E., Pais, I.P., Moreira, R., Campa, C., Chiulele, R., Reis, F.O., Marques, I., Scotti-Campos, P.,
Lidon, F.C., Partelli, F.L., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I., Ramalho, J.C. Shade and altitude implications on the physical and chemical
attributes of green coffee beans from Gorongosa Mountain, Mozambique. Agronomy-Basel, v. 12, p. 2540-2560, 2022.
Gomes, W.S., Pereira, L.L., Filete, C.A., Moreira, T.R., Guarçoni, R.C., Catarina, S.O.E., Moreli, A.P., Guimarães, C.V.., Simmer, M.M.B., Lacerda
Jr, V., Romão, W., Castro, E.V.R., Partelli, F.L. Changes in the chemical and sensory profile of Coffea canephora var. Conilon
promoted by carbonic maceration. Agronomy-Basel, v. 12, p. 2265-2277, 2022
Covre, A.M., Da Silva, F.A., Oliosi, G., Correa, C.C.G., Viana, A.P., Partelli, F.L. Multi-Environment and multi-year bayesian analysis approach
in Coffee canephora. Plants, v. 11, p. 3274-3288, 2022.
Debona, D.G., Louvem, R.F., Luz, J.M.R., Nariyoshi, Y.N., Castro, E.V.R., Oliveira, E.C.S., Guarconi, R.C., Castro, M.G., Oliveira, G.F., Partelli,
F.L., Silva, M.C.S., Bellon, A.P., Pereira, L.L. Heat and mass transfer kinetics on the chemical and sensory quality of Arabica coffee
beans. Agronomy-Basel, v. 12, p. 2880-2893, 2022.
Ferreira, D.S., Oliveira, M.E.S., Ribeiro, W.R., Filete, C.A., Castanheira, D.T., Rocha, B.C.P., Moreli, A.P., Oliveira, E.C.S., Guarçoni, R.C., Partelli,
F.L., Pereira, L.L. Association of altitude and solar radiation to understand coffee quality. Agronomy-Basel, v. 12, p. 1885-1898,
2022.
Filete, C.A., Moreira, T.R., Dos Santos, A.R., Gomes, W.S., Guarçoni, R.C., Moreli, A.P., Augusto, M.I., Abreu, R.O., Simmer, M.M.B., Caliman,
A.D.C., Guimarães, C.V., Berilli, S.S., Ferrão, M.A.G., Da Fonseca, A.F.A., Partelli, F.L., Berilli, A.C.G., Oliveira, E.C.S., Pereira, L.L.
The New Standpoints for the terroir of Coffea canephora from South western Brazil: edaphic and sensorial perspective.
Agronomy-Basel, v. 12, p. 1931, 2022.
Marques, I., Rodrigues, A.P., Gouveia, D., Lidon, F.C., Martins, S., Semedo, M.C., Gaillard, J., Pais, I.P., Semedo, J.N., Scotti-Campos, P.,
Reboredo, F.H., Partelli, F.L., Damatta, F.M., Armengaud, J., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I., Ramalho, J.C. High-resolution shotgun proteomics
reveals that increased air [CO2] amplifies the acclimation response of coffea species to drought regarding antioxidative,
energy, sugar, and lipid dynamics. Journal of Plant Physiology, v. 276, p. 153788, 2022.
Schmidt, R., Silva, C.A., Dubberstein, D., Dias, J.R.M., Vieira, H.D., Partelli, F.L. Genetic diversity based on nutrient concentrations in
different organs of Robusta coffee. Agronomy-Basel, v. 12, p. 640-658, 2022.
Schmidt, R., Silva, L.O.E., Ferreira, A., Gontijo, I., Guimarães, R.J., Ramalho, J.C., Partelli, F.L. Variability of root system size and distribution
among Coffea canephora genotypes. Agronomy-Basel, v. 12, p. 647-659, 2022.
Sousa, P., Vieira, H., Santos, E., Viana, A., Boaechat, M., Partelli, F.L. Coffea canephora: heterotic crosses indicated by molecular
approach. Plants, v. 11, p. 3023-3039, 2022.
2021 (9):
Correia, R., Cunha, P., Agnoletti, B., Pereira, L., Partelli, F.L., Filgueiras, P., Lacerda, V., Romão, W. Infravermelho portátil na região do
próximo (NIR) aplicado no controle de qualidade de cafés adulterado por borra. Química Nova, v. 1, p. 392-402, 2021.
Silva, C.A., Partelli, F.L., Aoyama, E.M., Bonomo, R., Vieira, H.D., Ramalho, J.C., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I. Floral morphology of robusta coffee
genotypes. Agronomy Journal, v. 11, p. 129-156, 2021.
Dubberstein, D., Oliveira, M.G., Aoyama, E.M., Guilhen, J.H., Ferreira, A., Marques, I., Ramalho, J.C., Partelli, F.L. Diversity of leaf stomatal
traits among Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner genotypes. Agronomy-Basel, v. 11, p. 1126-1135, 2021.
Espindula, M.C., Tavella, L.B., Schmidt, R., Rocha, R.B., Dias, J.R.M., Bravin, M.P., Partelli, F.L. Yield of robusta coffee in different spatial
arrangements. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 56, p. e02516, 2021.
Marques, I., Partelli, F.L., Lidon, F.C., Ramalho, J.C., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I. Understanding the impact of drought in Coffea Genotypes:
transcriptomic analysis supports a common high resilience to moderate water deficit but a genotype. Agronomy-Basel, v. 11,
p. 2255, 2021.
Partelli, F.L., Oliosi, G., Dalazen, J.R., Da Silva, C.A., Vieira, H.D., Espindula, M.C. Proportion of ripe fruit weight and volume to green
coffee: Differences in 43 genotypes of Coffea canephora. Agronomy Journal, v. 113, p. 1050-1057, 2021.
2020 (7):
Correia, R.M., Andrade, R., Tosato, F., Nascimento, M.T., Pereira, L.L., Araújo, J.B.S., Pinto, F.E., Endringer, D.C., Padovan, M.P., Castro,
E.V.R., Partelli, F.L., Filgueiras, P.R., Lacerda, V., Romão, W. Analysis of Robusta Coffee cultivated in agroforestry systems (AFS) by
ESI-FT-ICR MS and portable NIR associated with sensory analysis. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, v. 94, p. 103637,
2020.
Dubberstein, D., Ramalho, J.C., Partelli, F.L. Resilient and sensitive key points of the photosynthetic machinery of Coffea spp. to the
single and superimposed exposure to severe drought and heat stresses. Frontiers in Plant Science, v. 11, p. 1049, 2020.
Oliosi, G., Silva, C.A., Partelli, F.L. Seasonal variation in leaf nutrient concentration of conilon coffee genotypes. Journal of Plant
Nutrition, p. 1-12, 2020.
Partelli, F.L., Giles, J.A.D., Oliosi, G., Covre, A.M., Adesio, F., Rodrigues, V.M. Tributun: A coffee cultivar developed in partnership with
farmers. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, v. 20, p. e30002025, 2020.
Partelli, F.L., Menegardo, C., Cavalcanti, A.C., Braun, H., Gontijo, I., Covre, A.M. Spatial distribution of the root system of Conilon and
Arabica coffee plants. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 55, p. e01333, 2020.
Silva, L.O.E., Schmidt, R., Valani, G.P., Ferreira, A., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I., Partelli, F.L. Root trait variability in Coffea canephora genotype
and its relation to plant height and crop yield. Agronomy-Basel, v. 10, p. 1394, 2020.
Silva, M.B., Partelli, F.L., Gontijo, I., Caldas, M.M. Nutritional balance and its relationship to yield in a coffee field: Inferences from
geospatial analysis. Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental, v. 24, p. 834-839, 2020.
Giles, J.A.D., Ayoama, E.M., Ramalho, J.C., Partelli, F.L. Divergence and genetic parameters between coffea sp. genotypes based in
foliar morpho-anatomical traits. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 245, p. 231-236, 2019.
Martins, M.Q., Partelli, F.L., Adesio, F., Ramalho, J.C. Adaptability and stability of Coffea canephora genotypes cultivated at high
altitude and subjected to low temperature during the winter. Scientia Horticulturae, v. 252, p. 238-242, 2019.
Partelli, F.L., Golinski, A., Ferreira, A., Martins, M.Q., Mauri, A.L., Ramalho, J.C., Vieira, H.D. Andina - First Conilon Clonal Variety for High-
Altitude Production. Crop Breeding and Applied Biotechnology, v. 19, p. 476-480, 2019.
Scotti-Campos, P., Pais, I., Partelli, F.L., Ramalho, J.C. Lipid profile adjustments may contribute to warming acclimation and to heat
impact mitigation by elevated [CO2] in Coffea spp. Environmental And Experimental Botany, p. 103856, 2019.
2018 (4):
Covre, A.M., Partelli, F.L., Bonomo, R., Gontijo, I. Micronutrients in the fruits and leaves of irrigated and non-irrigated coffee plants.
Journal of Plant Nutrition, v. 41, p. 1-11, 2018.
Covre, A.M., Partelli, F.L., Bonomo, R., Tomaz, M.A., Ramalho, J.C. Impacts of water availability on macronutrients in fruit and leaves of
conilon coffee. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, v. 53, p. 1025-1037, 2018.
Giles, J.A.D., Partelli, F.L., Ferreira, A., Rodrigues, J.P., Oliosi, G., Lima, F.H. Genetic diversity of promising `conilon? coffee clones based
on morpho-agronomic variables. Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, v. 90, p. 2437-2446, 2018.
Partelli, F.L., Marcos, G.O., Covre, A.M., Vieira, H.D., Dias, J.R.M., Braun, H. Nutritional standards and nutritional diagnosis of the Conilon
coffee plants in phenological growth stages. Journal of Plant Nutrition, p. 1-11, 2018.
2016 (4):
Covre, A.M., Partelli, F.L., Bonomo, R., Braun, H., Ronchi, C.P. Vegetative growth of Conilon coffee plants under two water conditions
in the Atlantic region of Bahia State, Brazil. Acta Scientiarum. Agronomy, v. 38, p. 535-545, 2016.
Covre, A.M., Rodrigues, W.P., Vieira, H.D., Braun, H., Ramalho, J.C., Partelli, F.L. Nutrient accumulation in bean and fruit from irrigated
and non-irrigated Coffea canephora cv. Conilon. Emirates Journal of Food and Agriculture, v. 28, p. 1-9, 2016.
Martins, M.Q., Rodrigues, W.P., Fortunato, A.S., Leitão, A.E., Rodrigues, A.P., Pais, I.P., Martins, L.D., Silva, M.J., Reboredo, F.H., Partelli,
F.L., Campostrini, E., Tomaz, M.A., Scotti-Campos, P., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I., Lidon, F.J.C., Damatta, F.M., Ramalho, J.C. Protective
response mechanisms to heat Stress in interaction with High [CO2] conditions in Coffea spp. Frontiers in Plant Science, v. 7,
p. 1-18, 2016.
Rodrigues, W.P., Martins, M.Q., Fortunato, A.S., Rodrigues, A.P., Semedo, J.N., Pais, I.P., Leitão, A.E., Máguas, C., Partelli, F.L., Campostrini,
E., Scotti-Campos, P., Ribeiro-Barros, A.I., Lidon, F.C., Damatta, F.M., Ramalho, J.C. Long-term elevated air [CO2] strengthens
photosynthetic functioning and mitigates the impact of supra-optimal temperatures in tropical Coffea arabica and C.
canephora species. Global Change Biology, v. 22, p. 415-431, 2016.