The Endocrine System
• Endo/crin/o/logy
• endocrinologist
Function
• regulating mood, growth and development,
tissue function, metabolism, sexual function
and reproductive processes
Glands:
• cells that produces and secretes, or gives
off, chemicals
• gland selects and removes materials
from the blood, processes them, and
secretes the finished chemical product
for use somewhere in the body
Type of Glands
• Endocrine
• Endo = within
• -crine = to secrete
Exocrine
• Exo = outward
• -crine to secrete
Hormones:
• transfer information and instructions from
one set of cells to another
influenced by:
• Stress
• infection
• changes in the balance of fluid and minerals in
blood
Signs and Symptoms
• Anorexia: condition without appetite
• Glucosuria: urinary condition with sugar
• Hypo-
• Hyper-
• Hypocalcemia
• Hypercalcemia
• Hypokalemia
• hyperkalemia
•Poly- excessive
•Polydipsia
•Polyphagia
•polyuria
Surgical Interventions
• -ectomy
• Adrenalectomy
• Pancreatectomy
• Parathyroidectomy
• Thyroidectomy
Conditions
• Acromegaly
• non-cancerous tumour in pituitary gland: adenoma.
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Diabetes Insipidus
• Polydipsia
• Polyuria
• Polyphagia
• Insulin dependent/non-insulin
dependent
Glucometer
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SA
Giganticism
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Hyperthyroidism: Grave
Disease
hypothyroidism
Prefixes
• endo-
within
• exo-
outward
• hypo-
under
• supra-
above
Suffixes
• -al
pertaining to
• -crine
to secrete
• -logy
study of
• -us, -is
structure
• -uria
urinary condition
Combining forms:
• adren/o, adrenal/o
adrenal gland
• calc/o
calcium
• aden/o
gland
• gluc/o, glyc/o, glucos/o
glucose/sugar
• gonad/o
gonads
• ren/o, nephr/o
kidney
• lob/o
lobe
• pancreat/o
pancreas
• glyc/o, gluc/o, glucos/o
sugar
• kal/i
potassium
• parathyroid/o
parathyroid gland
• hypophys/o, pituitar/o
pituitary gland
• thalam/o
thalamus
• thyr/o, thyroid/o
thyroid gland
• crin/o
to secrete
• trop/o
turning
Word Building using CARD:
Example:
polyuria
• CLARIFY: poly/uria
• ASSIGN: poly- = excessive
-uria = urinary condition
• REVERSE: condition of….
• DEFINE: condition of excessive
urination
Word Building using CARD:
Example:
hypoglycemia
• CLARIFY: hypo/glyc/emia
• ASSIGN: hypo- = deficient
glyc/o = sugar or glucose
-emia = blood condition
• REVERSE: condition of….
• DEFINE: condition of deficient sugar
in the blood
Word Building using CARD:
Example:
hyperthyroidism
• CLARIFY: hyper/thyroid/ism
• ASSIGN: hyper- = excessive
thyroid/o = thyroid gland
-ism = condition
• REVERSE: condition of….
• DEFINE: condition of excessive thyroid
gland
Word Building using CARD:
Example:
thymoma
• CLARIFY: thym/oma
• ASSIGN: thym/o = thymus
-oma = tumor, mass
• REVERSE: tumor of….
• DEFINE: tumor of the thymus
Word Building using CARD:
Example:
urinalysis
• CLARIFY: urin/alysis
• ASSIGN: urin/o = urine
-lysis = breaking down
• REVERSE: breaking down….
• DEFINE: breaking down of the urine
(microscopic examination of urine)
Choose the correct medical
term from the list:
Choose the correct medical
term from the list:
Instrument to measure sugar levels:
a. tympanometer
b. glucometer
c. urine glucose
d. thyroid function tests (TFTs)
Answer
Answer: b - glucometer
(gluc/o = sugar; -meter = instrument to measure)
Choose the correct medical
term from the list:
Overproduction of the parathyroid hormone:
a. hyperparathyroidism
b. hypoparathyroidism
c. hyperthyroidism
d. hypothyroidism
Answer
Answer: a
(hyper- = excessive; parathyroid/o = parathyroid
-ism = condition)
Choose the correct medical
term from the list:
Deficiency or lack of all pituitary hormones:
a. hypoparathyroidism
b. gigantism
c. panhypopituitarism
d. acromegaly
Answer
Answer: C
(pan- = all; hypo- = deficient; pituitar/o = pituitary; -ism =
condition)
Choose the correct medical
term from the list:
Condition of excessive thirst:
a. polyuria
b. polyphagia
c. polydipsia
d. hyperglycemia
Answer
Answer: c
(poly- = excessive; -dipsia = condition of thirst)
Choose the correct medical
term from the list:
Presence of glucose in the urine:
a. goiter
b. glucometer
c. polydipsia
d. glucosuria
Answer
Answer: d
(glucos/o = sugar/glucose; -uria = urinary condition)
Have a great day!!