COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING

TYPICAL QUESTIONS

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

1. The Rhumb Line track and distance between A (00° NS 13°18’E) and
B (00° NS 37°48’W) is:

a) 090° and 3 066 nm

b) 270° and 3 066 nm
c) 270° and 2 086 nm

2. The Rhumb Line track and distance between A (28°27’S 105°19’W) and
B (47°15’S 105°19’W) is:

a) 360° and 1 008 nm

b) 180° and 1 128 nm
c) 180° and 1 218 nm

3. The Rhumb Line track and distance between A (60°N 43°13’E) and
B (60°N 02°41’W) is:

a) 270° and 1 377 nm

b) 090° and 1 077 nm
c) 270° and 1 077 nm

4. The Rhumb Line track and distance between A (36°37’N 140°17’W) and
B (36°37’N 88°28’W) is:

a) 270° and 2 400 nm

b) 090° and 2 400.45 nm
c) 090° and 2 495.42 nm

5. The Rhumb Line track and distance between A (53°43’N 168°29’E) and
B (53°43’N 155°55’W) is:

a) 270° and 1 005 nm

b) 090° and 1 264 nm
c) 090° and 1 145 nm

6. The distance between A (78°15’N 49°28’E) and B (69°33’N 130°32’W) is:

a) 1 932 nm
b) 1 854 nm
c) 2 043 nm

7. An aircraft departs from A (23°07’S 005°13’W) on a track of 090° (T) and arrives at
B (23°07’S) after a flight of 378 nm. The longitude of B is:

a) 01°38’E
b) 10°28’E
c) 05°44’E

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

8. An aircraft in the Northern Hemisphere flies around the world in 13 hours at a

groundspeed of 493 kts. The Rhumb Line track is 270°. The latitude at which the
flight took place is:

a) 55°22’N
b) 62°18’N
c) 72°44’N

9. If an aircraft flew around the world along a parallel of 62°30’N at a groundspeed of

512 kts, the flying time would be:

a) 18 hours 10 minutes 22 seconds

b) 19 hours 28 minutes 48 seconds
c) 20 hours 18 minutes 12 seconds

10. An aircraft starting at position A (02°30’S 08°18’W), maintaining a groundspeed of

290 kts, flies a track of 360° (T) for 3 hours 12 minutes, then alters track to 090° (T)
for 4 hours to destination. The position of the destination airfield is:

a) 12°58’N 011°32’E
b) 18°22’N 015°30’E
c) 14°38’N 012°52’E

11. Two aircraft X and Y leaves position A (50°N 010°E) for B (62°N 008°W). Aircraft X
travels due north until the 62nd parallel and then follows this parallel to destination.
Aircraft Y travels due west until the 008°W meridian then flies due north to
destination. Which of the two aircraft flies the shortest distance and by how many
miles?

a) Aircraft X – 187 nm
b) Aircraft X – 220 nm
c) Aircraft Y – 100 nm

12. The scale of a chart is 3 inches to 7 nm. The scale of the chart as a representative
fraction is:

a) 1: 1 702 400
b) 1: 170 240
c) 1: 70 240

13. The length of a line drawn on a chart, the scale of which is 1 : 1 000 000, is 5
inches. The earth distance is:

a) 68.53 nm
b) 685 nm
c) 85.63 nm

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

14. On a chart, the scale of which is 1: 500 000, an earth distance of 37 nm would
equal:

a) 23.544 cm
b) 6.85 cm
c) 13.7122 cm

15. The distance on a chart between A (03°18’N 35°20’E) and

B (11°49’S 35°20’E) is 36 cm. The scale as a representative fraction is:

a) 1: 4 668 531
b) 1: 3 556 876
c) 1: 4 120 450

16. The distance on a chart between A (41°36’S 176°15’E) and

B (41°36’S 169°49’W) is 19.5 inches. The scale as a representative fraction is:

a) 1: 2 339 057
b) 1: 3 112 453
c) 1: 4 120 450

17. An aircraft travels 8.5 cm on a chart in 20 minutes. The scale of the chart is
1: 1 000 000. The aircraft’s groundspeed is:

a) 108 kts
b) 137.6 kts
c) 158.8 kts

18. The scale of a chart A is 2 cm equals one nautical mile and the scale of chart B is 1:
250 000.

a) Chart A has a smaller scale

b) Chart B has a smaller scale
c) The scale of both charts are the same

19. The scale of a chart is 1: 2 500 000. The chart distance covered by an aircraft flying
for 42 minutes at a groundspeed of 280 kts is:

a) 8.4352 cm
b) 26.556 cm
c) 14.52752 cm

20. A fix obtained at 10.00 gave a chart distance travelled of 6.5 inches in
50 minutes. The scale of the chart is 1: 2 000 000 and there are 378 nm to go to the
destination. The ETA is:

a) 12:20
b) 11:46
c) 13:20

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

21. On a chart a line 20 cm long represents 200 nm. On the same chart the length of a
line in centimetres representing 326 km is:

a) 22.457 cm
b) 12.056 cm
c) 17.593 cm

22. On a chart, the scale of which is 1: 1 000 000, two pinpoints taken at
20 minute intervals by an aircraft travelling at a groundspeed of 180 kts would
appear:

a) 11.118 cm apart
b) 15.887 cm apart
c) 20.555 cm apart

23. Position A (36°20’S) is due north of position B. The distance between A and B on a
chart with a scale of 1: 5 000 000 is 6.2 cm. The latitude of B is:

a) 33°33’S
b) 39°07’S
c) 42°22’S

24. An aircraft takes 15 minutes 12 seconds to cover a distance of 6.6 cm on a chart,

the scale of which is 1: 2 000 000, the aircraft’s groundspeed is:

a) 281.2 kts
b) 305.8 kts
c) 256.4 kts

25. The distance flown by an aircraft in 40 seconds at a groundspeed of 480 kts is 3.5
cm on a chart. The scale of the chart in cm to the km is:

a) 1 cm = 3.875 km
b) 1 cm = 5.412 km
c) 1 cm = 1.514 nm

26. The scale at the Equator is 1: 2 500 000. The scale at 45°N is:

a) 1: 2 000 000
b) 1: 1 767 767
c) 1: 1 505 000

27. The scale at 25°S is 1: 1 000 000. The scale at the Equator is:

a) 1: 1 103 378
b) 1: 1 854 677
c) 1: 2 202 455

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

28. The scale at 20°N is 1: 2 000 000. The scale at 35°S is:

a) 1: 1 025 336
b) 1: 1 800 500
c) 1: 3 406 753

29. On a Mercator chart the spacing between meridians 1° apart is 2.5 cm. The scale at
40°S is:

a) 1: 3 950 150
b) 1: 1 800 500
c) 1: 3 406 753

30. Determine the distance in cm between meridians 1° apart if the scale is

1: 3 000 000 at 45°N:

a) 2.62 cm
b) 26.2 cm
c) 3.54 cm

31. Determine the difference in longitude represented by a line 8.3 inches long drawn
along a parallel of latitude, if the scale of the chart is 1: 2 000 000 at 50°S.

a) 5°54’
b) 4°15’
c) 6°35’

32. The scale at 40°N is 1: 1 000 000, determine the latitude at which the scale is
1: 500 000:

a) 55°18’N
b) 67°29’N
c) 60°00’N

33. Determine the distance in cm between meridians 1° apart on a chart the scale of
which is 1: 2 000 000 at 40°N:

a) 4.9115 cm
b) 5.4576 cm
c) 4.258441 cm

34. On a Mercator chart the distance between meridians 173°W and 177°E is
33 cm. The latitude at which the scale is 1: 3 000 000 is:

a) 24°25’18”
b) 27°04’13”
c) 26°14’54”

JANUARY 2004 TYPICAL QUESTIONS – NAVIGATION PAGE 6 of 56

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

35. A Mercator chart has a scale of 1: 500 000 at the Equator. Two positions on the
38°S parallel are 48 cm apart. The difference in longitude between them is:

a) 1°45’30”
b) 2°09’30”
c) 2°55’05”

36. An aircraft flying west along the 18°N parallel covers a distance of 12 cm in
32 minutes on a Mercator chart. The scale of the chart at 30°N is 1: 1 000 000. The
aircraft’s groundspeed is:

a) 133.3 kts
b) 125.5 kts
c) 135.0 kts

37. On a Mercator chart, two positions on the 32nd parallel are joined by a straight line
measuring 41 cm. The scale of the chart at 15°N is 1: 3 000 000. The initial and
final great circle tracks for a flight in a westerly direction are:

a) 273° initial and 276° final

b) 273° initial and 267° final
c) 270° initial and 267° final

38. The scale of a Mercator chart is 1: 3 500 000 at the Equator. Position A is at
47°30’S 07°W and position B is at 47°30’S 10°E. The chart distance between A and
B is cm is:

a) 54 cm
b) 48 cm
c) 58 cm

39. The scale of a Mercator chart is 1: 3 000 000 at 45°N. A straight line drawn on the
chart from A (45°N 45°E) to B (45°N 55°E) measures 26.2 cm. The earth distance
between A and B is:

a) 655 km
b) 786 km
c) 500 km

40. A Mercator chart has a scale of 1: 1 500 000 at the Equator. A and B, both on the
parallel of 42°N are 36 cm apart. An aircraft flies eastwards from A (42°N 28°W) to
B in 33 minutes. The longitude of B is:

a) 30°18’30”W
b) 32°51’25”W
c) 23°08’35”W

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

41. The angle of convergency between A (27°S 07°E) and B (33°S 03°W) is:

a) 2.5°
b) 5°
c) 10°

42. The conversion angle between A (39°58’N 16°16’E) and B (46°16’N 31°48’E) is:

a) 5.3°
b) 2.8°
c) 8.5°

43. The rhumbline track from A (36°27’S 19°15’E) to B (36°27’S 53°15’W) is:

a) 270° (T)
b) 090° (T)
c) 360° (T)

44. The rhumbline bearing of B from C is 307°. The rhumbline bearing of C from B is:

a) 147°
b) 307°
c) 127°

45. The initial great circle track from A (41°17’N 20°00’E) to B (41°17’N 49°18’E) is:

a) 0.997°
b) 080.63°
c) 270°

46. The great circle bearing of B from A is 068°, CA = 6°, in the Northern Hemisphere.
The rhumbline bearing of A from B is:

a) 142°
b) 062°
c) 074°

47. The great circle bearing of A from B is 245°, CA = 7°, in the Southern Hemisphere.
The rhumbline bearing of B from A is:

a) 079°
b) 072°
c) 259°

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

48. The rhumbline bearing of A from B is 100°. The great circle bearing of B form A is
275°. The conversion angle is:

a) 5°
b) 10°
c) 7.5°

49. A bears 080° great circle from B. B bears 255° great circle from A.

a) The convergency is 5° and A and B are in the Northern Hemisphere.

b) The convergency is 5° and A and B are in the Southern Hemisphere
c) The convergency is 10° and A and B are in the Northern Hemisphere

50. A and B are in the same hemisphere. The great circle bearing of B from A is 143°
and the great circle bearing of A from B is 319°.

a) The rhumbline bearing from A to B is 143° and A and B is in the Northern

Hemisphere.
b) The rhumbline bearing from A to B is 139° and A and B is in the Southern
Hemisphere.
c) The rhumbline bearing from A to B is 141° and A and B is in the Southern
Hemisphere.

51. The latitude at which the convergency between two meridians will be twice the
convergency between them at 20°N, is:

a) 40°N
b) 43°10’N
c) 10°16’N

52. A and B are in the Northern Hemisphere. The great circle bearing of A from B is
080° and the great circle bearing of B from A is 270°. The rhumbline bearing from B
to A is:

a) 095°
b) 085°
c) 100°

53. A and B are in the Southern Hemisphere. The great circle bearing of A from B is
290° and the great circle bearing of B from A is 118°. The rhumbline bearing of A
from B is:

a) 294°
b) 298°
c) 286°

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

54. The bearing of A from B is 280° great circle and the bearing of B from A is 095°
rhumbline.

a) A and B are in the Southern Hemisphere and the GC track A – B is 090°

b) A and B are in the Southern Hemisphere and the GC track A – B is 100°
c) A and B are in the Northern Hemisphere and the GC track A – B is 090°

55. A (171°E) and B (173°W) are on the same parallel in the Northern Hemisphere. The
convergency is 8°. The latitude of A and B is:

a) 30°N
b) 20°N
c) 40°N

56. The position of A is 30°S 10°W. The great circle track form A to B, which is on the
same parallel, is 100°. The longitude of B is:

a) 30°W
b) 30°E
c) 20°E

57. The position of A is 42°13’N 158°24’W, the great circle bearing of B (on the same
parallel) from A is 278°. The longitude of B is:

a) 177°47’W
b) 158°24’E
c) 177°47’E

58. On a Lambert’s chart the convergency between positions 47°N 35°E and 45°N 45°E
is 8°. The parallel of origin of the chart is:

a) 53°08’N
b) 52°52’N
c) 51°48’N

59. A Lambert’s chart has standard parallels at 30°S and 50°S. The rhumbline
distance from A (50°S 10°E) to B (50°S 10°W) is 30 cm. The scale at 30°S is:

a) 1: 4 764 642
b) 1: 3 565 221
c) 1: 4 890 350

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

60. An aircraft, flying a heading of 330° (T) in the Southern Hemisphere, obtains a
relative bearing from an NDB of 273°. If the chart convergency between the aircraft
and the NDB is 7°, the QTE to plot from the NDB is:

a) 063°
b) 077°
c) 070°

61. A and B are 1 148 nm apart. Aircraft X (GS 240 kts) leaves A at 1149 for B. Aircraft
Y (GS 180 kts) leaves B at 1128 for A. The time, and distance from A, at which X
and Y will meet is:

a) Time 1424, distance 620 nm

b) Time 1403, distance 480 nm
c) Time 1435, distance 585 nm

62. At 1030 aircraft X (GS 240 kts) is 82 nm behind aircraft Y (GS 180 kts). Aircraft X
will overtake aircraft Y at:

a) 1122
b) 1048
c) 1152

63. A and B are 2 342 nm apart. Aircraft X (GS 460 kts) leaves A at 0930 for B. Aircraft
Y (GS 500 kts) leaves at 0950 for A. When aircraft Y arrives at A, the distance that
aircraft X will be from B is:

a) 48 nm
b) 34 nm
c) 106 nm

64. Aircraft X (GS 220 kts) estimates position A at 1030. Aircraft Y (GS 265 kts), flying
on the same track, estimates position A at 1042. The time and distance past A that
Y will overtake X is:

a) 190 nm
b) 260 nm
c) 220 nm

65. Aircraft X (GS 394 kts) is overhead A at 0735 en route to B. Aircraft Y (GS 480 kts)
is overhead A at 0800 en route to B. The distance from A to B is 348 nm. The
reduction in groundspeed required by Y at A ensure a separation of 140 nm when X
is overhead B is:

a) 34 kts
b) 48 kts
c) 63 kts

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

66. Aircraft X (GS 186 kts) passes overhead position A ten minutes ahead of aircraft Y
(GS 222 kts). Aircraft X then passes overhead position B, 4 minutes ahead of
aircraft Y. The distance from A to B is:

a) 108.3 nm
b) 88.5 nm
c) 114.7 nm

67. Aircraft X (GS 280 kts) on a flight from A to B, distance 840 nm, is requested to
delay its arrival at B by 12 minutes. The distance from B at which the aircraft will
have to reduce speed by 60 kts is:

a) 198.2 nm
b) 288.7 nm
c) 205.3 nm

68. Aircraft X (GS 324 kts) passes position A, 5 minutes ahead of aircraft Y (GS 396
kts). Aircraft Y passes position B, 5 minutes ahead of aircraft X. The distance from
A to B is:

a) 270 nm
b) 330 nm
c) 297 nm

69. The LMT at A (10°20’N 161°15’W) is 1700 on the 5th. The LMT and local date at B
(46°17’S 45°47’W) is:

a) 00:41:52
b) 06:48:08
c) 03:45:00

70. An aircraft leaves Bombay (073°08’E) at 0705 LMT on the 9th for Dakar (017°30’W).
The flying time is 9 hours 48 minutes. The ETA for Dakar is:

a) 12:00:00 LMT
b) 13:10:58 LMT
c) 10:50:28 LMT

71. The Standard Time at X (110°25’E) is 0917 on the 5th, STF 7. The LMT at Y
(046°45’E) is:

a) 05:24:00
b) 23:10:00
c) 02:17:00

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

72. An aircraft departs from Seoul (37°40’N 127°35’E), ST factor 9, at 1800 ST on 7th en
route to Edmonton (53°40’N 113°30’W), ST factor 7. The flying time is 8 hours 42
minutes. The ETA for Edmonton is:

a) 17:42:00 ST
b) 10:42:00 ST
c) 00:42:00 ST

73. An aircraft flies due west along the equator at GS 180 kts. It crosses the 180°E/W
meridian at 1200 UTC. At 1230 UTC it will be at longitude:

a) 001°30’W
b) 178°30’E
c) 176°30’E

74. The UTC is 0730 and the LMT at A is 0240. The longitude of A is:

a) 040°W
b) 072°30’E
c) 072°30’W

75. An aircraft arrived at B (171°40’W), ST factor 12, at 1930 ST on the 23rd after a flight
of 8 hours 32 minutes. It departed from A at 0710 LMT on the 24th. The longitude of
A is:

a) 123°E
b) 123°W
c) 057°W

76. An aircraft departs A, in the Eastern Hemisphere, at 1400 ST (ST factor 7) and
arrives at B at 1628 LMT after a flight of 4 hours 46 minutes. The longitude of B is:

a) 45°W
b) 70°30’W
c) 70°30’E

77. An aircraft is flying due west along the equator. In order to pass each meridian at
the same LMT it would have to maintain a ground speed of:

a) 450 kts
b) 900 kts
c) 750 kts

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

78. An aircraft departs A (155°15’W) on the 12th at 0755 LMT en route to B (168°32’E).
It arrives at B (ST factor 11) at 1032 ST on the 13th. If the average GS for the flight
was 360 kts, the distance from A to B is:

a) 1 755 nm
b) 1 220 nm
c) 1 896 nm

79. An aircraft has to land at B (07°18’S 169°15’E) 15 minutes before the end of
evening civil twilight on May 20th. The LMT of landing would be:

a) 18:27 LMT
b) 17:57 LMT
c) 18:12 LMT

80. An aircraft is scheduled to take of at Position X (23°30’N 120°15’W) 20 minutes after

the end of morning civil twilight on May 23rd. The LMT of departure will be:

a) 05:10 LMT
b) 04:50 LMT
c) 04:30 LMT

81. An aircraft in the Northern Hemisphere flies around the world in 12hours 25 minutes
at a ground speed of 496 kts. The rhumbline track is 090° (T). The latitude at which
the aircraft flies is:

a) 71°03’N
b) 73°26’N
c) 76°18’N

82. The distance between A (77°13’N 103°30’E) and B (81°47’N 076°30’W) is 1 260 nm.

a) This is true rhumbline distance

b) This is the great circle distance
c) This is both great circle and rhumbline distance

83. The time taken to fly around the world along a parallel of 58°38’S at a ground speed
of 525 kts is:

a) 21 hours 25 minutes
b) 23 hours 01 minutes
c) 24 hours 38 minutes

JANUARY 2004 TYPICAL QUESTIONS – NAVIGATION PAGE 14 of 56

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

84. An aircraft position 03°37’S 010°15’W, flies a track of 360° (T) at a ground speed of
310 kts for 5 hours and 12 minutes, then alters track to 090° (T) for
5 hours and 24 minutes to destination. The position of the destination is:

a) 23°15’N 017°39’E
b) 23°15’N 020°07’E
c) 26°52’N 021°02’E

85. The distance on a chart between A (49°14’S 175°53’E) and

B (49°14’S 168°42’W) is 24.87 cm. The scale of the chart is:

a) 1: 4 500 000
b) 1: 6 900 000
c) 1: 5 000 000

86. An aircraft travels 9.3 cm on a chart in 23 minutes. The scale of the chart is
1: 1 000 000. The aircraft’s groundspeed is:

a) 136 kts
b) 124 kts
c) 131 kts

87. The scale of a chart is 1: 3 500 000. An aircraft flying at a ground speed of 315 kts
for 54 minutes would cover a chart distance of:

a) 15 cm
b) 14 cm
c) 13.5 cm

88. Position A (latitude 42°14’S) is due north of position B. The distance between A and
B on a chart with a scale of 1: 5 000 000 is 16.6 cm. The latitude of B is:

a) 49°03’S
b) 49°42’S
c) 50°09’S

89. An aircraft takes 18 minutes 24 seconds to cover a distance of 7.3 cm between A

and B on a chart whose scale is 1: 2 000 000. The aircraft’s ground speed is:

a) 269 kts
b) 239 kts
c) 257 kts

90. On a Mercator chart the spacing between meridians 2° apart is 5 cm. The scale at
40°N is:

a) 1: 2 973 554
b) 1: 3 406 753
c) 1: 4 447 200

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

91. The scale of a Mercator chart is 1: 2 500 000 at 36°N. The distance in cm between
meridians one degree apart is:

a) 4.4 cm
b) 3.6 cm
c) 3.0 cm

92. The scale of a Mercator chart is 1: 3 000 000 at 40°S. The difference in longitude
represented by a line 8.7 inches long drawn along a parallel of latitude is:

a) 7°47’
b) 5°58’
c) 4°46’

93. An aircraft, heading 357° (C), Variation 11°W, Deviation 3°W, obtains a relative
bearing from an NDB of 258°. The convergency between the aircraft and the NDB
is 8°. The bearing to plot from the NDB on a Mercator chart is:

a) 065°
b) 069°
c) 061°

94. An aircraft in the Southern Hemisphere obtains an RMI bearing from a VOR station
of 058°. Station variation is 22°E; variation at the aircraft is 19°E. The deviation is
2°W and the conversion angle between the aircraft and the VOR is 4°. On a
Mercator chart the bearing to plot from the station is:

a) 256°
b) 264°
c) 268°

95. On a Mercator chart the scale at the equator is 1: 2 000 000. A and B are both on
parallel 38°N and are 34 cm apart. An aircraft flies eastwards from A to B in 37
minutes. The aircraft’s groundspeed is:

a) 451 kts
b) 469 kts
c) 488 kts

96. The scale of a Mercator chart is 1: 3 000 000 at the equator. An aircraft flies from A
(43°32’S 008°00’W) to B (43°32’S 009°37’E). The TAS and W/V are constant
throughout the flight. The aircraft was overhead A at 0900 and crossed the
Greenwich meridian at 0940. The ETA for B is:

a) 1039
b) 1034
c) 1028

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

97. On a Mercator chart the distance between meridians 174°W and 176°E is 12.7
inches. The latitude at which the scale is 1: 3 000 000 is:

a) 29°30’N or S
b) 31°02’N or S
c) 31°58’N or S

98. The initial great circle track from A (53°39’S 172°40’E) to B (53°39’S 157°32’W) is:

a) 084°
b) 102°
c) 114°

99. A Mercator chart has a scale of 1: 500 000 at 20°S. Two positions on the 42°S
parallel are 17 inches apart. The difference in longitude between them is:

a) 1°57’
b) 2°04’
c) 2°37’

100. An aircraft flying due east along the 20°N parallel covers a distance of 14 cm in 27
minutes on a Mercator chart. The scale of the chart is 1 : 1 000 000 at 35°N. The
aircraft’s groundspeed is:

a) 167.9 kts
b) 192.6 kts
c) 200.8 kts

101. The Rhumb Line bearing of A from B is 110° and the great circle bearing of B from A
is 284°. The great circle bearing of A from B is:

a) 116°
b) 104°
c) 100°

102. The great circle bearing of B from A is 148° and the great circle bearing of A from B
is 322°. The rhumbline track from A to B is:

a) 154°
b) 151°
c) 145°

103. The latitude at which the convergency between two meridians is twice the
convergency at 21°S is:

a) 42°N and S
b) 45°47’N and S
c) 47°21’N and S

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

104. The bearing of A from B is 283° GC and the bearing of B from A is 098° RL. The
great circle bearing of B from A is:

a) 108°
b) 103°
c) 093°

105. A (172°E) and B (168°) are on the same parallel in the Southern Hemisphere. The
convergency between A and B is 8°. The latitude of A and B is:

a) 11°32’S
b) 23°35’S
c) 23°04’S

106. The position of A is 40°15’N 159°38’W. B is on the same parallel. The initial great
circle track from A to B is 277°. The longitude of B is:

a) 171°14’W
b) 171°59’E
c) 178°42’E

107. The chart convergency on a Lambert’s chart between meridians 072°W and 100°W
is 24.08. One standard parallel is at 65°S. The latitude of the other standard
parallel is:

a) 53°38’S
b) 70°41’S
c) 59°19’S

108. A Lambert’s chart has a scale of 1: 1 000 000 with standard parallels at 40°N and
50°N. The difference between chart convergency and earth convergency of two
meridians 10° at 55°N is:

a) 1.12°
b) 0.56°
c) 1.68°

109. On a Lambert’s chart the straight line from A (27°N 020°W) to B (33°N 030°W) cuts
the meridian of 25°W at an angle of 55°. A and B are both on the standard parallels.
The great circle track from A to B is:

a) 310°
b) 307.5°
c) 305°

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

110. An aircraft flying along the parallel of 28°N in DR longitude 160°E, obtains a relative
bearing of 204° from an NDB at 32°N 148°E, W/V 270/20. The bearing to plot from
the station on a Lambert’s chart whose parallel of origin is 30°N, is:

a) 109°
b) 114°
c) 108°

111. A Lambert’s chart has standard parallels at 28°S and 52°S. Position
A (52°S 045°E), Position B (52°S 070°E). The great circle bearing of B from A is:

a) 092°06’
b) 098°02’
c) 106°04’

112. An aircraft obtains a QDM of 231° to a VDF station. The station variation is 17°W
and the variation at the aircraft’s position is 19°W. The convergency between the
aircraft’s position and the station is 8° in the Southern Hemisphere. The bearing to
plot on a Mercator chart is:

a) 028°
b) 038°
c) 030°

113. An aircraft heading 153° (T) obtains a relative bearing from an NDB of 293°. The
convergency between the aircraft and the station is 9°. The bearing to plot on a
Lambert’s chart in the Northern Hemisphere is:

a) 275°
b) 257°
c) 270.5°
114. A Lambert’s chart with a scale of 1: 4 000 000, has standard parallels at 26°N and
44°N. Position X (46°N 030°E) and position Y (46°N 010°W) are joined by a straight
line. The great circle bearing of Y from X is:

a) 258°32’
b) 292°57’
c) 281°28’

115. Positions X and Y are in the same Hemisphere. An aircraft X heading

279° (T) obtains a relative bearing of 153° from an NDB at Y, when plotted as a
straight line from the NDB on a Lambert’s chart. The bearing measures 244° (T).
The rhumbline track from X to Y is:

a) 060°
b) 068°
c) 072°

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

116. The standard parallels on a Lambert’s chart are 20°N and 40°N. Position A is 40°
160°W and position B 20°N 150°E. The rhumbline track from A to B is 245°. The
great circle track from A to B at the anti-meridian of Greenwich is:

a) 244.5°
b) 247.5°
c) 250.5°

117. An aircraft leaves A (158°52’E) at 0752 LMT on the 7th March. It arrives at
B (081°03’W), ST factor 5, after a flight of 8 hours 37 minutes. The arrival time at B
is:

a) 23:51:26 ST on 6th March

b) 00:29:20 ST on 7th March
c) 00:53:32 ST on 7th March

118. An aircraft leaves A (088°45’W) and after a flight of 10 hours 40 minutes arrives at B
(158°15’W) at 2120 standard time on the 10th October. ST factor at B is 11. The
departure time from A was:

a) 15:18:00 LMT on 10th October

b) 15:45:00 LMT on 10th October
c) 16:35:00 LMT on 10th October

119. An aircraft leaves A at 0817 ST on 12th September. A is in the Eastern Hemisphere

and the ST factor at A is 8. The aircraft arrives at B after a flight of 10 hours 54
minutes at 2356 LMT on 11th September. The longitude of B is:

a) 159°13’E
b) 168°45’W
c) 159°13’W

120. On a flight from A to B the aircraft arrived at B (171°45’W) at 2217 ST on

5th January. The ST factor at B is 11. The flying time from A to B was 7 hours 46
minutes. The aircraft left A at 1954 LMT on 5th January. The longitude of A is:

a) 084°15’W
b) 077°30’W
c) 075°15’W

121. An aircraft leaves A (54°16’N 176°50’W) at 1000 ST on the 8th May. ST factor at A
is 11. It arrives at B (54°16’N 162°20’E) at 11:37:20 LMT on the 9th May. The
aircraft’s groundspeed was:

a) 329 kts
b) 242 kts
c) 192 kts

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

122. An aircraft departs A (153°15’W) on the 12th April at 0745 LMT for a flight to
B (166°32’E) arriving at 1002 ST on the 13th April. ST factor at B is 11. The
average groundspeed for the flight was 390 kts. The distance from A to B is:

a) 1 881 nm
b) 1 937 nm
c) 1 976 nm

123. Aircraft X, GS 180 kts estimates A at 1210. Aircraft Y, GS 221 kts estimates A at
1228. Both aircraft are on the same track. The distance from A at which Y will
overtake X is:

a) 237 nm
b) 291 nm
c) 303 nm

124. Aircraft X, GS 380 kts, is overhead A at 0600. Aircraft Y, GS 464 kts, is overhead A
at 0627. Both aircraft are bound for B. The time at which the separation between
the two aircraft will be 100 nm is:

a) 0647
b) 0650
c) 0718

125. Aircraft X, GS 380 kts, is overhead A at 0600. Aircraft Y, GS 464 kts, is overhead A
at 0627. Both aircraft are bound for B, which is 412 nm from A. The reduction in
groundspeed that Y would have to make at A to ensure a separation of 130 nm
when X is overhead B is:

a) 19 kts
b) 29 kts
c) 34 kts

126. Aircraft X, GS 194 kts, passes over point A 18 minutes ahead of aircraft Y,
GS 230 kts. Aircraft X then passes over point B, 7 minutes ahead of
aircraft Y. The distance between A and B is:

a) 268 nm
b) 227 nm
c) 249 nm

127. An aircraft, GS 320 kts, on a flight from A to B, distance 920 nm, is requested by
ATC to delay its arrival by 10 minutes. The distance from B that the aircraft will
have to reduce speed by 50 kts is:

a) 288 nm
b) 243 nm
c) 234 nm

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

128. Aircraft X, GS 369 kts, passes point A, 7 minutes ahead of aircraft Y,

GS 420 kts. Aircraft Y passes point B, 7 minutes ahead of aircraft X. The distance
from A to B is:

a) 709 nm
b) 739 nm
c) 753 nm

129. Aircraft X, GS 250 kts, is overtaking aircraft Y. Both aircraft are flying the same
track and are initially 80 nm apart. The slower aircraft, Y, is overtaken in 1 hour and
38 minutes. The groundspeed of Y is:

a) 191 kts
b) 194 kts
c) 201 kts

130. A straight line in the direction of 080° (T), is drawn on a Lambert’s chart in the
Southern Hemisphere. An aircraft departs from a point corresponding to the start of
the line and maintains a heading of 180° (T). Assuming zero wind conditions the
aircraft would:

a) Maintain a path over the ground corresponding to the line drawn on the chart
b) End up South of the straight line
c) End up North of the straight line

131. The distance from A to B is 987 nm, track 105° (T). Aircraft X leaves A for B at
0927, TAS 231 kts. Aircraft Y leaves A for B at 1000, GS 237 kts.
W/V 075/45. The distance from B that Y will overtake X is:

a) 427 nm
b) 446 nm
c) 459 nm

132. An aircraft arrived at B (123°15’E) on 1st March at 0218 ST. ST factor at B is 8. The
flying time was 9 hours 48 minutes. The time and date of departure from A
(156°45’W) is:

a) 2203 LMT on 28th February

b) 2150 LMT on 28th February
c) 2203 LMT on 27th February

133. W/V 210°/15, TR 276° (T), TAS 155. Determine the HDG and GS:

a) HDG 270°, GS 148

b) HDG 281°, GS 159
c) HDG 271°, GS 162

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

134. W/V 040°/15, HDG 070° (T), TAS 160. Determine the TR (T) and GS:

a) TR 067°, GS 147
b) TR 067°, GS 183
c) TR 073°, GS 147

135. W/V 310°/20, TR 280° (T), GS 153. Determine the HDG and TAS:

a) HDG 283°, TAS 171

b) HDG 276°, TAS 136
c) HDG 284°, TAS 136

136. TR 010° (T), HDG 355° (T), TAS 165, GS 157. Determine the W/V:

a) 120°/43
b) 284°/43
c) 066°/43

137. HDG 200° (T), Drift 8°L, TAS 170. An aircraft flies a distance of 68 nm in
23 min. The W/V is:

a) 098°/25
b) 303°/25
c) 298°/25

138. 210°/20, 260°/15, 310°/10. Determine the mean W/V:

a) 247°/12
b) 140°/36
c) 255°/15

139. HDG DRIFT TAS

130° 7°R
220° 5°L 160
250° 8°L

Determine the W/V:

a) 180°/27
b) 220°/27
c) 360°/27

140. An aircraft flies from A to B, distance 236 nm, TR 135° (T), W/V 220°/20, FL130,
OAT 42°C, RAS 125, VAR 16°W. Determine the HDG (M) and flight time:

a) 158° (M), 1 hr 26 min

b) 142° (M), 1 hr 33 min
c) 158° (M), 1 hr 33 min
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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

141. An aircraft climbs from 5 000 ft to 17 000 ft at a constant RAS of 118 kts, mean
climb temperature +6°C, mean rate of climb 450 fpm. Determine the climb TAS and
time taken for the climb:

a) TAS 148, time to climb 27 min

b) TAS 135, time to climb 27 min
c) TAS 143, time to climb 27 min

142. An aircraft climbs from 4 000 to 15 000 ft at a mean RAS of 123 kts, mean climb
temperature +11°C constant rate of climb 500 fpm. Determine the climb TAS and
time to climb:

a) TAS 151, time to climb 22 min

b) TAS 146, time to climb 22 min
c) TAS 135, time to climb 22 min

143. An aircraft climbs from sea level to FL190 at a constant RAS of 125 kts, mean climb
temperature -7°C mean rate of climb 650 fpm, W/V 260/15, TR 135° (T).
Determine the ground distance covered during the climb:

a) 78 nm
b) 75 nm
c) 73 nm

144. An aircraft is cruising at FL170 and plans a descent to FL050. Mean descent
temperature -2°C, mean descent RAS 145, constant rate of descend 500 fpm.
Determine the descent TAS and time to descend:

a) TAS 157, time to descend 12 min

b) TAS 181, time to descend 24 min
c) TAS 172, time to descend 24 min

145. An aircraft takes 53 minutes to fly from A to B, a distance of 129 nm at a TAS of

160. Determine the TAS required to fly the return trip in 48 minutes:

a) 175
b) 147
c) 160

146. An aircraft is cruising at FL150, RAS 135, temperature ISA +3°, HDG 223° (C),
Variation 17°W, Deviation -2°, TR 209° (M), and has flown a distance of 112 nm in
42 minutes. Determine the W/V:

a) 282°/38
b) 292°/42
c) 272°/36

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

147. An aircraft has flown from A (22°32’S 28°18’E) to B (24°46’S 28°18’E) in 43 minutes,
at a TAS of 170 kts. Determine the average wind component:

a) +17
b) –17
c) –10

148. Surface W/V 140°25, runway 19 in use. Determine the cross wind component:

a) 19 kts from the right

b) 19 kts from the left
c) 16 kts from the left

149. An aircraft is cruising at FL120, RAS 133, temperature ISA +8°, TR 243° (T),
W/V 280°/15, Variation 18°W, Deviation +3°. Determine the HDG (C) to steer:

a) 267° (C)
b) 231° (C)
c) 261° (C)

150. An aircraft climbs from FL040 to FL220 at a constant RAS of 128 mean rate of climb
600 fpm, temperature deviation ISA +12°C. During the climb a ground distance of
78 nm is covered. Determine the mean wind component:

a) -1 kts
b) -11 kts
c) -6 kts

151. An aircraft flies from A to B in 1 hr 23 min. at a ground speed of 156, average wind
component –9. Determine the TAS required to fly the return trip in 1 hr 08 min:

a) 183 kts
b) 200 kts
c) 167 kts

152. An aircraft flies from A to B, HDG 230° (M), maintaining a track of 204° (T), Variation
16°W. Determine the HDG (M) to fly the return leg:

a) 050° (M)
b) 040° (M)
c) 030° (M)

153. The magnetic heading and elapsed time from ABV (28°33’S 016°30’E) to BLV
(29°10’S 026°20’E), W/V 240°/20, TAS 170 is:

a) 113° (M) and 2:40

b) 117° (M) and 2:46
c) 098° (M) and 2:50

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

154. An aircraft was overhead PEV (33°58’S 025°40’E) at 0645, TAS 160, W/V 320°/15,
deviation +2°. The heading (C) and ETA for NVV (31°22’S 019°05’E) is:

a) 317° (C) and 0915

b) 321° (C) and 0900
c) 319° (C) and 0905

155. An aircraft was overhead VWV (31°23’S 023°08’E) at 1011 on track NVV (31°22’S
019°’E), TAS 170. At 1031 the aircraft crosses power lines at 022°10’E. The
groundspeed is:

a) 156 kts
b) 170 kts
c) 166 kts

156. An aircraft was overhead BDV (30°57’S 026°15’E) at 0825 en route to

KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E), TAS 190. At 0854 the aircraft is overhead
JF (29°46’S 025°25’E) and reduces TAS to 160. The ETA for KMV is:

a) 0915
b) 0928
c) 0922

157. An aircraft was overhead VWV (31°23’S 023°08’E) at 1040 on track for
GGV (34°00’S 022°23’E), heading 221° (M). At 1100 the aircraft turns back to VWV
due to bad weather. The heading to steer to VWV is:

a) 041° (M)
b) 046° (M)
c) 031° (M)

158. An aircraft was overhead CTV (33°58’S 018°33’E) at 0615 on track for
SLV (32°25’S 020°40’E), heading 080° (M), TAS 180. At 0706 the aircraft is
overhead SLV. The W/V was:

a) 138/31
b) 116/31
c) 125/31

159. An aircraft was overhead NVV (31°22’S 019°05’E) at 0740 en route

UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E), FL 170, RAS 140, temperature ISA, W/V 170/20. The
ETA for UPV is:

a) 0845
b) 0838
c) 0853

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

160. At 0940 an aircraft obtains a visual fix at 32°20’S 024°15’E, W/V 080/15, FL150,
RAS 120, temperature ISA +8°C. The ETA for
ELV (33°03’S 027°53’E) is:

a) 1050
b) 1102
c) 1115

161. An aircraft was overhead VWV (31°23’S 023’S08’E) at 1119 en route for
CTV (33°58’S 018°33’E). At 1208 the pilot obtains a visual fix at
32°55’S 020°50’S and decides to divert to GGV (34°00’S 022°23’E). The flying time
to GGV is:

a) 34 minutes
b) 43 minutes
c) 28 minutes

162. An aircraft departs BLV (29°10’S 026°20’E) at 0543 for

ELV (33°03’S 027°53’E). W/V 030/30, TAS 170. The initial magnetic heading and
ETA for ELV is:

a) 011° (M) and 0724

b) 172° (M) and 0703
c) 153° (M) and 0703

163. 0803 Overhead VBU (20°05’S 028°45’E) en route VBR (19°47’S 034°56’E)
heading 087° (M).
0850 Relative bearing 083° CZ (21°00’S 031°30’E)
0850 Radial 110 VTL (19°25’S 029°50’E)

At 0850 the ETA for VBR is:

a) 1010
b) 0959
c) 1023

164. 1024 Overhead MUTARE (19°00’S 032°25’E) en route VICTORIA FALLS

(18°05’S 025°45’E).
1105 Fix at 40 DME, Radial 230 VSB (17°55’S 031°08’E).

At 1105 the Track (M) to VICTORIA FALLS is:

a) 273° (M)
b) 292° (M)
c) 281° (M)

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

165. 0735 Overhead VMA (25°55’S 032°35’E) en-route SELIBE PIKWE (22°03’S
027°47’E), G/S 160.
0824 Radial 223 PHV (23°55’S 031°10’E).
0830 Radial 268 PHV.

The aircraft’s position at 0830 is:

a) 23°10’S 030°00’E
b) 24°32’S 030°10’E
c) 24°04’S 030°43’E

166. 0630 Overhead MAUN (20°00’S 023°25’E) en-route SELIBE PIKWE

(22°03’S 027°47’E), heading 122° (C), deviation -4°.
0720 QTE 027° OR (ORAPA) (21°18’S 025°18’E).
0740 Relative bearing 343° FT (FRANCISTOWN) (21°08’S 027°30’E).

At 0740 the track (M) and ETA BULUWAYO (20°05’S 028°45’E) is:

a) 062° (M) and 0830

b) 072° (M) and 0836
c) 082° (M) and 0840

167. 0745 Overhead MASERU (29°15’S 027°35’E) en-route MAPUTO (25°55’S

032°35’E).
0820 Radial 300 LYV (28°33’S 029°45’E).
0835 Radial 340 LYV
0845 Radial 005 LYV

At 0845 the aircraft’s position is:

a) 27°00’S 029°00’E
b) 27°40’S 029°33’E
c) 28°10’S 030°05’E

168. 0614 Overhead ELV (33°03’S 027°53’E) en-route VWV (31°23’S 023°08’E),
heading 320° (C), deviation +2°.
0642 Relative bearing 295° CH (32°45’S 025°46’E)
0654 Relative bearing 262° CH
0703 Relative bearing 235° CH

At 0703 the track (M) SLV (32°25’S 020°40’E) is:

a) 284° (M)
b) 294° (M)
c) 274° (M)

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

169. An aircraft, GS 170, obtains the following bearings:

0800 Radial 005 MMV (25°50’S 025°30’E)

0806 Radial 345 MMV
1818 Radial 315 MMV

At 0818 the aircraft’s position is:

a) 24°40’S 024°00’E
b) 25°17’S 024°30’E
c) 26°00’S 024°00’E

170. An aircraft, GS 150, heading 186° (T), en route from GBV (24°35’S 025°55’E) to
BLV (29°10’S 026°20’E) obtains the following:

0650 50 DME MMV (25°50’S 025°30’E)

0706 Relative bearing 204° LG (26°12’S 026°13’E)

At 0706 the aircraft’s position is:

a) 26°40’S 025°00’E
b) 27°00’S 024°55’E
c) 27°22’S 025°28’E

171. An aircraft is on track from KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E) to

MMV (25°50’S 025°30’E), drift 8° left. On passing abeam VRYBURG (26°58’S
024°43’E) the relative bearing from VB is:

a) 262°
b) 278°
c) 098°

172. An aircraft is on track from JAGERSFONTEIN (29°46’S 025°25’E) to

SISHEN (27°40’S 023°00’E), drift 6° right.

On passing abeam KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E), the radial from KMV is:

a) 247°
b) 223°
c) 242°

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

173. 0740 Overhead ELV (33°03’S 027°53’E) FL140, temperature ISA +5°C,
RAS 144, HDG 300° (M), W/V 240/20.

0810 alter heading 015° (M).

At 0850 the DR position is:

a) 30°50’S 025°55’E
b) 30°37’S 026°18’E
c) 30°40’S 026°50’E

174. 0805 Overhead KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E). P/alt 15 000, OAT 0°C, RAS 150.
HDG 150 (M).

0855 Alter heading 102° (M)

0930 Alter heading 050° (M)
1000 Visual fix at 28°05’S 029°15’E

The mean W/V since 0805 has been:

a) 131/32
b) 145/40
c) 125/25

175. 1115 Overhead PHV (23°56’S 031°08’E), FL140, OAT -5°C, RAS 140,
HDG 270° (M).

1143 Alter heading 205° (M)

1220 Alter heading 177° (M)
1244 Overhead VD (27°25’S 029°09’E)

The mean W/V since 1115 is:

a) 061/24
b) 070/10
c) 055/20

176. 0833 Overhead BLV (29°06’S 026°19’E), HDG 326° (T), TAS 160.

0918 Radial 050, 80 DME KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E)

At 0918 the HDG (M) for MMV (25°50’S 025°32’E) is:

a) 359° (M)
b) 347° (M)
c) 003° (M)

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

177. 0600 O/H CTV (33°58’S 018°16’E) at 1000 ft climbing to FL190. Constant RAS
145, mean climb temperature -12°C, ROC 600 fpm, initial HDG 080° (C), Deviation
+2°. Mean climb W/V 200/20.

The DR position at top of climb is:

a) 33°45’S 019°10’E
b) 32°10’S 020°50’E
c) 33°01’S 020°10’E

178. 0720 Overhead PEV (33°58’S 025°37’E) at 1000 ft climbing to FL220, Constant
RAS 125, mean climb temperature -12°C, ROC 500 fpm, initial
HDG 330° (C), Deviation -1°. The aircraft obtains a visual fix at TOC at 32°35’S
024°15’E.

The mean W/V for the climb was:

a) 203/39
b) 200/40
c) 240/10

179. 0833 Overhead VWV (31°24’S 023°06’E) at 5 000 ft climbing to FL290, mean RAS
130, constant ROC 600 fpm, initial HDG 107° (M), mean climb temperature -14°C.
The aircraft obtains a visual fix at TOC at
30°55’S 024°58’E.

The mean W/V for the climb was:

a) 120/10
b) 133/45
c) 140/22

180. 1110 Overhead UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E) at 4 000 ft climbing to FL260. Mean RAS
150, constant ROC 650 fpm, initial HDG 267° (M), mean climb temperature -7°C
mean climb W/V 140/30.

The DR position at TOC is:

a) 28°00’S 020°00’E
b) 28°52’S 019°10’E
c) 27°22’S 019°46’E

181. The mean magnetic heading and elapsed time from CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E) to ELV
(33°03’S 027°53’E), TAS 180, W/V 330/30 is:

a) HDG 097° (M) and 2.29

b) HDG 074° (M) and 2.29
c) HDG 084° (M) and 2.41

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

182. The mean magnetic heading and elapsed time from DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E) to
GGV (34°00’S 022°22’E) TAS 210, W/V 270/25 is:

a) HDG 086° (M) and 2.20

b) HDG 254° (M) and 2.30
c) HDG 266° (M) and 2.41

183. The initial magnetic heading and elapsed time from KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E) to CTV
(33°58’S 018°36’E), TAS 175, W/V 210/20 is:

a) HDG 064° (M) and 2.35

b) HDG 236° (M) and 2.35
c) HDG 242° (M) and 2.50

184. The initial magnetic heading and elapsed time from DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E) to PHV
(23°56’S 031°08’E) TAS 190, W/V 240/20 is:

a) HDG 018° (M), time 1.50

b) HDG 198° (M), time 2.05
c) HDG 360° (M), time 1.45

185. 0630 Overhead ABV (28°34’S 016°31’E) en route VWV (31°24’S 023°06’E) FL150,
RAS 140, OAT +1°C, W/V 160/20. The heading (M) and ETA VWV is:

a) HDG 120° (M) and 0830

b) HDG 140° (M) and 0849
c) HDG 360° (M) and 0830

186. 0815 Overhead NVV (31°22’S 019°04’E) en route KTV (26°33’S 018°06’E), FL170,
RAS 135, temp ISA, W/V 240/30. The heading (M) and ETA KTV is:

a) HDG 360° (M) and 0951

b) HDG 341° (M) and 1 hour 36 minutes
c) HDG 015° (M) and 1005

187. An aircraft passes overhead VWV (31°24’S 023°06’E) at 0804 on track for CTV
(33°58’S 018°36’E), HDG 264° (M). At 0844 the HDG (M) to return to VWV is:

a) HDG 084° (M)

b) HDG 068° (M)
c) HDG 076° (M)

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

188. An aircraft passers overhead BDV (30°58’S 026°18’E) at 0715 on track for KMV
(28°48’S 024°46’E), HDG 355° (M). At 0735 the HDG (M) to return to BDV is:

a) HDG 175° (M)

b) HDG 161° (M)
c) HDG 168° (M)

189. An aircraft was overhead UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E) at 0713 on track to

BLV (29°06’S 026°19’E), TAS 140, HDG 128° (M). At 0858 the aircraft is overhead
BLV. The mean W/V was:

a) 225/30
b) 230/10
c) 215/15

190. An aircraft was overhead DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E) at 0822, FL120, temp
ISA +10°C, RAS 140, on track to HGV (26°42’S 028°16’E), HDG 330° (M). At 0945
the aircraft is overhead HGV. The mean W/V was:

a) 220/18
b) 230/26
c) 215/15

191. An aircraft departs GGV (34°00’S 022°22’E) at 0635 for

BLV (29°06’S 026°19’E). At 0728 the aircraft crosses
Radial 146 VWV (31°24’S 023°06’E). The ETA for BLV is:

a) 0800
b) 0825
c) 0840

192. An aircraft departs Nelspruit (25°30’S 030°54’E) at 0814 for

GBV (24°39’S 025°57’E). At 0849 the aircraft crosses
Radial 027 WIV (25°50’S 029°14’E). The ETA for GBV is:

a) 1004
b) 1019
c) 0945

193. An aircraft departs Welkom (28°00’S 026°42’E) at 0833 for

VWV (31°24’S 023°06’E) HDG 255° (M). At 0920 JF NDB (29°46’S 025°25’E) bears
256° relative. The ETA for VWV is:

a) 0955
b) 1017
c) 1033

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

194. An aircraft departs Nelspruit (25°30’S 030°54’E) at 0620 for

DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E) HDG 200° (M). At 0740 LY (28°32’S 029°45’E) bears 089°
relative. The ETA for DNV is:

a) 0800
b) 0829
c) 0817

195. An aircraft departs Phalaborwa (23°56’S 031°08’E) at 0945 for

MMV (25°50’S 025°32’E) HDG 255° (M). At 1026
PR NDB (24°10’S 029°01’E) bears 098° relative. The ETA for MMV is:

a) 1143
b) 1110
c) 1133

196. An aircraft departs CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E) at 1015 en route to

UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E). At 1130 it obtains a fix using the
127 Radial NVV (312°22’S 019°04’E) and the 008 radial
SLV (32°24’S 020°40’E). At 1130 the new magnetic track and ETA UPV is:

a) 012° (M) and 1301

b) 048° (M) and 1301
c) 032° (M) and 1301

197. An aircraft departs BLV (29°06’S 026°19’E) at 0618 en route

GGV (34°00’S 022°22’E). At 0727 it obtains a fix using the
127 Radial NVV (31°22’S 019°04’E) and the 008 radial
SLV (32°24’S 020°40’E). At 1130 the new magnetic track (M) and ETA GGV is:

a) 227° (M) and 0907

b) 207° (M) and 0903
c) 238° (M) and 0858

198. An aircraft departs GBV (24°39’S 025°57’E) at 0622 for

KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E), HDG 219° (M). At 0737 it obtains a fix using relative
bearings of 229° LG NDB (26°11’S 026°12’E) and
342° VB NDB (26°59’S 024°43’E). At 0737 the new track (M) and ETA for KMV is:

a) 180° (M) and 0843

b) 198° (M) and 0848
c) 205° (M) and 0853

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

199. An aircraft departs DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E) at 0712 for

Welkom (28°00’S 026°42’E), HDG 304° (M). At 0833 it obtains a fix using relative
bearings of 145° LY (28°32’S 029°45’E) and
095° BM (28°17’S 028°27’E). At 0833 the new track (M) and ETA for Welkom is:

a) 320° (M) and 0900

b) 330° (M) and 0920
c) 335° (M) and 0905

200. An aircraft is inbound to MAUN (19°59’S 023°25’E) FL160, forecast W/V 120/15,
RAS 136, temperature ISA +8°C. At 1138 it obtains a fix with radial 180 and 80
DME VLR (17°47’S 025°49’E). The ETA for MAUN is:

a) 1229
b) 1215
c) 1240

201. An aircraft is inbound to Beira (19°46’S 034°54’E), HDG 080° (M), FL130, forecast
W/V 170/20, RAS 125, OAT +2°C. At 0920 it obtains a fix with a relative bearing of
129° MS (20°01’S 030°50’E) and
75 DME VTL (19°26’S 029°51’E). The ETA for Beira is:

a) 1040
b) 1106
c) 1048

202. An aircraft is inbound to MMV (25°50’S 025°32’E) TAS 160, forecast W/V 080/20.
At 0910 it obtains a visual fix at 24°05’S 027°45’E. The ETA MMV is:

a) 0955
b) 1015
c) 1004

203. An aircraft is inbound to LYV (28°32’S 029°45’E) HDG 160° (T), TAS 150, forecast
W/V 120/10. At 1030 it obtains a fix with RMI bearing 325° (C)
WM (28°00’S 026°42’E), Deviation +3°, and 75 DME BLV (29°06’S 026°19’E). The
ETA for LYV is:

a) 1118
b) 1110
c) 1127

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

204. 0615 An aircraft was overhead UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E) en route Baberton (25°00’S
031°00’E), FL130, and TAS 175. 0810 It was overhead Vanderbijlpark (26°42’S
027°47’E), and reduced TAS to 150. The ETA for Baberton is:

a) 0910
b) 0918
c) 0924

205. At 0830 an aircraft was overhead GAV (26°27’S 027°50’E) en route

NHV (29°21’S 030°31’E), FL150, TAS 210. At 0920 the aircraft was overhead LYV
(28°32’S 029°45’E), and reduces TAS to 170. The ETA for
PM (29°40’S 030°24’E) is:

a) 0945
b) 0952
c) 0937

206. 0627 Overhead CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E) en route UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E).

0703 radial 171 NVV (31°22’S 019°04’E)

0717 radial 131 NVV
0727 radial 101 NVV

At 0727 the new track (M) and ETA UPV is:

a) 037° (M) and 0824

b) 030° (M) and 0820
c) 042° (M) and 0829

207. 0511 Overhead MMV (25°50’S 025°32’E) en route DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E):

0536 radial 268 HGV (26°42’S 028°16’E)

0551 radial 241 HGV
0603 radial 216 HGV

At 0603 the new track (M) and ETA DNV is:

a) 133° (M) and 0655

b) 138° (M) and 0700
c) 144° (M) and 0710

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

208. 0817 Overhead Maputo (25°55’S 032°34’E) en route BLV (29°06’S 026°19’E), HDG
248° (M).

0922 relative bearing 062° VD (27°15’S 029°09’E)

0932 relative bearing 100 VD
0940 relative bearing 128 VD
At 0940 the track (M) and ETA DNV (29°58’S 030°09’E) is:

a) 152° (M) and 1027

b) 157° (M) and 1033
c) 163° (M) and 1038

209. 0727 Overhead Ermelo (26°35’S 029°59’E) en route UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E), HDG
290° (M).

0804 relative bearing 288° KS (27°40’S 027°16’E).

0817 relative bearing 253° KS
0826 relative bearing 225° KS
At 0826 the track (M) and ETA KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E) is:

a) 230° (M) and 0900

b) 232° (M) and 0925
c) 234° (M) and 0912

210. An aircraft, G/S 160, Track 201° (T) obtains the following bearings:

0824 radial 348 UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E)

0838 radial 308 UPV
0848 radial 278 UPV

At 0848 the aircraft’s position is:

a) 28°33’S 020°16’E
b) 28°00’S 020°51’E
c) 28°45’S 020°00’E

211. 0640 Overhead Matura (17°22’S 035°02’E) en route Livingstone

(17°47’S 025°49’E):

0714 radial 198 VSB (17°55’S 031°06’E)

0722 96 DME VSB
0740 75 DME VBU

At 0740 the track (M) and ETA Livingstone is:

a) 290° (M) and 0911

b) 300° (M) and 0918
c) 305° (M) and 0910

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

212. 0820 Overhead Orapa (21°16’S 025°21’E) en route Beira (19°46’S 034°54’E), HDG
100° (M).
0906 relative bearing 082° Selibe Phikwe (22°03’S 027°48’E)
0920 75 DME VBU (20°05’S 028°42’E)
0940 67 DME GWV (22°12’S 029°25’E)

At 0940 the aircraft’s position is:

a) 21°08’S 029°25’E
b) 20°30’S 029°00’E
c) 21°41’S 028°00’E

213. 0900 Overhead Sishen (27°42’S 023°00’E) en route LYV (25°57’S 027°55’E).

0933 radial 026 KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E)

0947 55 DME KMV
1006 70 DME MZV (29°18’S 027°30’E)

At 1006 the track (M) and ETA DNV is:

a) 129° (M) and 1050

b) 129° (M) and 1140
c) 129° (M) and 1115

214. 0805 Overhead KMV (28°48’S 024°36’E), FL150, OAT 0°C, RAS 150, HDG 150°
(M).

0855 alter heading 102° (M)

0930 alter heading 050° (M)
1000 visual fix at 28°05’S 029°15’E

At 1000 the mean HDG (M) and ETA Richards Bay (28°46’S 032°07’E) is:

a) 112° (M) and 1056

b) 128° (M) and 1057
c) 118° (M) and 1056

215. 1120 Overhead Alexander Bay (28°34’S 016°31’E), set heading 010° (M), TAS 190,
W/V 330/20.

1200 alter heading 080° (M)

1232 alter heading 153° (M)

At 1300 the heading (M) and ETA for Pomfret (25°52’S 023°32’E) is:

a) 079° (M) and 1416

b) 063° (M) and 1416
c) 069° (M) and 1416

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

216. 0820 Overhead Maun (19°59’S 023°25’E) HDG 010° (T), TAS 168, drift 10° right.

0835 alter HDG 050° (T), drift 3° right

0857 alter HDG 092° (T), drift 5° left
0915 alter HDG Harare (17°55’S 031°06’E)

At 0915 the HDG (M) and ETA Harare is:

a) 088° (M) and 1000

b) 098° (M) and 1014
c) 093° (M) and 1004

217. 1015 Overhead CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E). HDG 078° (T), TAS 170.

1106 Fix with Radial 355, 65 DME GGV (34°00’S 022°22’E)

At 1106 the HDG (M) for BDV (30°58’S 026°18’E) is:

a) 088° (M)
b) 082° (M)
c) 093° (M)

218. 1250 Overhead Richards Bay (28°46’S 032°07’E), HDG 290° (T), TAS 150.

1322 Fix wit radial 010, 75 DME, DNV (29°58’S 030°57’E).

At 1322 the HDG (M) for Welkom (28°00’S 026°42’E) is:

a) 310° (M)
b) 305° (M)
c) 314° (M)

219. An aircraft departs Alexander Bay (28°34’S 016°31’E) at 0500 on a direct track to
Gaborone (24°39’S 025°57’E), HDG 080° (T), TAS 170, and DR GS 160.

0541 105 DME UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E).

0615 75 DMV UPV

At 0615 the mean magnetic heading to Gaborone is:

a) 065° (M)
b) 082° (M)
c) 088° (M)

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

220. An aircraft departs Mmabatho (25°51’S 025°32’E) at 0825 on a direct track to GGV
(34°00’S 022°22’E), HDG 210° (T), TAS 160, and DR GS 175.

0957 40 DME KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E)

1010 40 DME KMV

At 1010 the mean magnetic heading to GGV is:

a) 224° (M)
b) 218° (M)
c) 228° (M)

221. An aircraft, GS 170, obtains the following bearings:

0820 radial 231 BDV (30°58’S 026°18’E)

0830 radial 206 BDV
0845 radial 161 BDV

At 0845 the aircraft’s position is:

a) 31°10’S 027°30’E
b) 31°40’S 027°00’E
c) 32°00’S 027°10’E

222. At 0600 an aircraft obtains a visual fix at 29°40’S 019°12’E.

0630 radial 051 NVV (31°22’S 019°04’E)

0636 radial 077 NVV
0645 radial 117 NVV

At 0645 the aircraft’s position is:

a) 31°30’S 020°27’E
b) 31°10’S 020°10’E
c) 31°00’S 020°10’E

223. An aircraft, GS 150, obtains the following bearings:

0800 radial 250 VBU (20°05’S 028°42’E)

0808 radial 230 VBU
0820 radial 195 VBU

At 0820 the aircraft’s position is:

a) 20°40’S 028°10’E
b) 21°20’S 028°20’E
c) 20°55’S 028°40’E

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

224. At 0640 an aircraft was overhead CTV (33°58’S 018°36’E) on track VWV,
TAS 160, HDG 068° (M). At 0722 it obtains a relative bearing of
258° CW (32°11’S 018°53’E). The wind component is:

a) +10
b) –18
c) –10

225. At 0813 an aircraft was overhead LYV (28°32’S 028°45’E) maintaining radial 280
LYV, TAS 150, HDG 270° (M). At 0922 it obtains a relative bearing of 135° WM
(28°00’S 026°42’E). The wind component is:

a) -15
b) +15
c) +5

226. At 1022 an aircraft was overhead HBV (25°42’S 027°52’E) maintaining

R 330 HBV, TAS 135. At 10.58 it is 105 DME JSV (26°09’S 028°14’E). The wind
component is:

a) -10
b) +10
c) +12

227. An aircraft is en route from Tzaneen (23°49’S 030°18’E) to

KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E), TAS 185, and GS 170. At 0725 it is
75 DME JSV (26°09’S 028°14’E), and at 0746 it obtains a QTE of
320 KS (27°40’S 027°15’E).

At 0746 the position of the aircraft is:

a) 26°00’S 026°00’E
b) 26°30’S 026°10’E
c) 26°10’S 026°20’E

228. An aircraft en route from UPV (28°24’S 021°16’E) to LYV (28°32’S 029°45’E), TAS
170, WC -20. At 0615 it is 50 DME UCV (28°25’S 024°20’E), and at 0630 it
crosses Radial 080 KMV (28°48’S 024°46’E). At 0630 the track (M) to Newcastle
(27°45’S 030°00’E) is:

a) 095° (M)
b) 101° (M)
c) 110° (M)

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

229. At 1320 an aircraft, maintaining FL180, obtains a visual fix at

24°35’S 021°10’E and plans a descent to arrive overhead Alexander Bay (28°34’S
016°31’E) at 1000 ft AGL. The cruise GS is 220 kts, descent
GS 185 kts, constant ROD 500 fpm.

The ETA for TOD is:

a) 1400
b) 1410
c) 1426

230. At 0948 an aircraft, maintaining FL230, obtains a fix at 70 DME, radial 046 JSV
(26°09’S 028°14’E) and plans a descent at 650 fpm to arrive overhead Maputo
(25°55’S 032°34’E) at 1500 ft AGL. The cruise TAS is 230 kts and the descent TAS
is 190 kts. The mean wind component for the flight is -20.

The ETA overhead Maputo is:

a) 1051
b) 1115
c) 1042

231. Positions A and B are in the same Hemisphere. The great circle bearing from A to B
is 140°. The great circle bearing from B to A is 330°. In what hemisphere is A
and B?

a) Southern Hemisphere
b) Northern Hemisphere
c) Eastern Hemisphere

232. Referring to Question 231:

What is the Rhumb line bearing from B to A?

a) 310°
b) 325°
c) 340°

233. The ADF needle on an RMI indicates a QDM of 040°. The variation at the station
position is 20°W. The variation at the aircraft position is 15°W. The deviation is
15°E. What is the bearing to plot on a Lambert’s chart?

a) 210° QTE GC
b) 205° QTE GC
c) 200° QTE GC

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

234. With the needle on the VOR CDI centralized, the indication is 360° TO. The
variation at the station position is 20°W, the deviation is 5°E.
What is the bearing to plot on a Lambert’s chart?

a) 160° QTE GC
b) 165° QTE GC
c) 170° QTE GC

235. Positions X and Y are 960 nm apart. At 1205, aircraft A leaves position X en route
to Y at GS 370 kts. At 1225, aircraft B leaves position Y en route to X at GS 290
kts. At what time will the aircraft pass each other?

a) 1321
b) 1341
c) 1343

236. Using the information in Question 235:

When the aircraft pass each other, what is their distance from position X?

a) 592 nm
b) 368 nm
c) 468 nm

237. Position X to Y is 290 nm apart. AT 1205, aircraft A is overhead position X, GS 350

kts. At 1230, aircraft B is overhead position X, GS 450 kts. At what time will the
separation between the two aircraft be 130 nm?

a) 1358
b) 1240
c) 1215

238. Using the information in Question 237:

When aircraft A reaches position Y, the separation between the two aircraft must be
130 nm. What reduction in speed must B make at position X to ensure this
separation?

a) 38 kts
b) 97 kts
c) 62 kts

239. Aircraft A, GS 250 kts passes X 10 minutes ahead of aircraft B, GS 300 kts. Some
time later, aircraft B passes position Y10 minutes ahead of aircraft A. What is the
distance from X to Y?

a) 460 nm
b) 502 nm
c) 500 nm

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

240. Aircraft A, GS 420 kts is inbound to position Y. ATC requests that the aircraft delay
its arrival over position Y by 15 minutes. At what distance from Y must aircraft A
reduce speed to 370 kts to ensure this delay?

a) 777 nm
b) 13 nm
c) 829 nm

241. Position X and Y are 700 nm apart. Aircraft A GS 350 kts passes position X at 1200
en route to Y. Aircraft B GS 470 kts passes position X at 1215 en route to Y. At
what time must aircraft B reduce speed to 350 kts to ensure a 50 nm separation
when aircraft A passes position Y?

a) 1240
b) 1251
c) 1338

242. Using the information in Question 241:

At what time must aircraft B reduce speed to 320 kts to ensure an arrival over point
Y 10 minutes after aircraft A?

a) 1344
b) 1237
c) 1249

243. An aircraft departs from position A on a heading of 247° (M) in order to fly track 229°
(T). After 132 nm, the aircraft is 11 nm right of the intended track. What is the
magnetic heading to steer to return to A? (Variation 15°W)

a) 054°
b) 056°
c) 071°

244. An isogonal joins places of equal:

a) Magnetic Dip
b) Magnetic Deviation
c) Magnetic Variation

245. Variation is the difference between:

a) True and Magnetic North

b) Magnetic and Compass North
c) Compass and True North

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

246. True direction is measured with reference to:

a) The local graticule

b) The local meridian
c) The local magnetic meridian

247. Runway direction is measured with reference to:

a) The local variation

b) The local North
c) The local magnetic meridian

248. A Rhumb line:

a) Is parallel to the local great circle

b) Intercepts the local parallel of latitude
c) Intercepts all meridians at a constant angle

249. On a chart, scale 1: 1 000 000, the distance between 2 pinpoints is 30 cms. The
time taken between these fixes is 45 minutes. What is the aircraft’s ground speed in
kms per hour?

a) 215
b) 248.5
c) 400

250. The Mercator chart:

a) Shows all bearings as true

b) Shows a Rhumb line as a straight line
c) Varies scale with the cosecant of latitude

251. How long will it take to fly from the North to the South Pole at a ground speed of 600
kts?

a) Not possible to calculate from formula given

b) 36 hrs
c) 18 hrs

252. A VOR bearing:

a) Is equal to the back bearing

b) Is determined at the station
c) Is measured at the aircraft’s magnetic meridian

253. A radio magnetic indicator:

a) Displays QUJ automatically

b) Adds heading to relative bearing
c) Does not need to be adjusted for deviation
JANUARY 2004 TYPICAL QUESTIONS – NAVIGATION PAGE 45 of 56
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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

254. A parallel of latitude:

a) Is normal to the meridian

b) Never touches the equator
c) Depends on convergency

255. On a Lambert’s chart the Meridian appear as:

a) Parallel straight lines

b) Straight lines converging on the nearer Pole
c) Curved lines converging on the nearer Pole

256. A fix is obtained placing the aircraft 13 nm left of track after 112 nm flown. Using the
1 in 60 rule, what alteration of heading is required to reach your destination, which
are 153 nm distant?

a) 12 deg. Right
b) 7 deg. Left
c) 5 deg. Right

257. An aircraft is flying from Port St. Johns to the Margate NDB track 064° (M), drift 5°
left. What relative bearing from the Margate NDB has to be maintained to maintain
on the inbound track?

a) 000° Relative
b) 355° Relative
c) 054° Relative

258. An aircraft departs X (27°34’S 034°15’W) at 0900Z, track 090° (T), and
GS 455 kts. At 015°00’W it flies due North at GS 422 kts. The ETA abeam of Y
(19°35’S 013°45’W) is:

a) 1223
b) 1233
c) 1243

259. 0627 Overhead Cape Town CTV (33°58’S 018°30’E). Heading 067° (M),
TAS 300 kts, W/V 270/45.

0703 Alter heading 127° (M)

0725 Alter heading for Jagersfontein JF (29°47’S 025°25’E)

The mean magnetic heading to steer at 0725 is:

a) 016° (M)
b) 026° (M)
c) 036° (M)

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

260. Refer to previous question. The ETA at Jagersfontein is:

a) 0750
b) 0756
c) 0802

261. 1121 Overhead Nieuwoudtville (31°22’S 019°03’E) on a direct track to

Keetmanshoop KTV (26°34’S 018°06’E).

1153 ABV (28°33’S 016°30’E) RMI reading 303°

1205 ABV RMI reading 279°
1216 ABV RMI reading 257°

The position of the aircraft at 1216 is:

a) 27°47’S 017°52’E
b) 27°38’S 018°11’E
c) 27°26’S 018°33’E

262. 1723 Overhead KMV, set heading for DNV, FL150 OAT -7°C, RAS 150 kts, W/V
225/20, compass deviation 2°E.

What is the mean compass heading for DNV?

a) 196°
b) 198°
c) 177°

263. 1810 BDV Radial 280

1745 BLV DME 116 nm
1820 Cookhouse NDB CH RMI reading 158°

What is the position at 1820? (Refer Q262)

a) 31°55’S 024°25’E
b) 31°45’S 024°35’E
c) 31°35’S 024°55’E

264. What has been the mean W/V since 1723? (Refer Q262)

a) 107/21
b) 092/15
c) 120/25

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

265. 1826 Alter heading to DNV.

What is the mean compass heading to steer? (Refer Q262)

a) 155°
b) 172°
c) 175°

266. What is the ETA for DNV? (Refer Q262)

a) 1909
b) 1902
c) 1917

267. An aircraft flying from A to B, distance 212 nm. After flying 135 nm the aircraft is 9
nm left of track. The alteration of heading to fly to B is:

a) 8° Right
b) 11° Right
c) 14° Right

268. An aircraft is flying from C to D, track 270° (T), distance 345 nm. After flying 135 nm
the aircraft is 14 nm left of track. The new track to D is:

a) 274° (T)
b) 276° (T)
c) 280° (T)

269. An aircraft leaves F heading 041° (M) in order to maintain a track of 045° (M). After
flying 220 nm the aircraft is 11 nm Right of track. The heading to steer to return to F
is:

a) 221° (M)
b) 228° (M)
c) 235° (M)

270. An aircraft is heading 087° (M) to maintain a track of 062° (T), Variation 20°W. The
heading to fly the reciprocal track is:

a) 257° (M)
b) 262° (M)
c) 267° (M)

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

271. At 0900Z an aircraft is heading 137° (T) to maintain Radial 151° from
VOR CDX, TAS 220 kts Variation 22°W. At 0919Z DME CDX indicates
78 nm. The W/V is:

a) 184/42
b) 262/42
c) 004/42

272. X to Y, distance 123 nm, FL 130, OAT +7°, Headwind Component 25 kts. The
required RAS to fly from X to Y in 42 minutes is:

a) 160 kts
b) 165 kts
c) 171 kts

273. An aircraft flies from P to Q, distance 372 nm in 1 hour 50 minutes at TAS 180 kts.
In order to fly the return trip in 1 hour 45 minutes the TAS should be:

a) 215 kts
b) 225 kts
c) 235 kts

274. Sector Track Distance TAS Drift Time

X to Y 177° 153 nm 205 5° L 51 mins.
Y to Z 127° 109 nm 205

Assuming the W/V remains constant the heading to steer from Y to Z is:

a) 130°
b) 135°
c) 140°

275. An aircraft is heading 315° (M) to maintain a track of 287° (T), Variation 20°W. The
heading to fly the reciprocal track is:

a) 119° (M)
b) 127° (M)
c) 135° (M)

276. At 0900Z an aircraft is overhead NDB NL heading 145° (M), TAS 350 kts.
At 0920Z the aircraft is overhead NDB CD, 125 nm from NDB NL and the ADF
tuned to NL reads 172 Relative. The W/V is:

a) 025° (M) / 56
b) 257° (M) / 56
c) 205° (M) / 56

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

277. An aircraft heading 115° (M), TAS 260 kts, obtains the following reading from a
VOR/DME.

0743Z Radial 253°

0748Z Radial 208° DME 21 nm
0753Z Radial 163°

The W/V is:

a) 022° (M) / 25 kts

b) 039° (M) / 32 kts
c) 057° (M) / 16 kts

278. An aircraft using LORAN is 136 nm from the Master station and 48 nm from a Slave
station. The distance between the Master and the Slave stations is
120 nm. The distance from the Slave on the Master – Slave base line at which the
aircraft would have the same difference in range from the Master and Slave is:

a) 16 nm
b) 38 nm
c) 60 nm

279. After flying on a heading of 040° (C) for 2 hours at GS 150 kts, a pilot discovers that
he has not made allowance for Variation 6°E and
Deviation 2°W. The aircraft is off track by:

a) 20 nm to the right
b) 20 nm to the left
c) 10 nm to the right

280. The distance from X to Y is 976 nm.

Aircraft A passes over X at 0830Z en route to Y, GS 180 kts.
Aircraft B passes over Y at 0910Z en route to X, GS 210 kts.

The aircraft will pass each other at:

a) 1042 Z
b) 1102 Z
c) 1122 Z

281. Two aircraft depart from airfields 874 nm apart at the same time and pass each
other after 68 minutes. At the crossing point one aircraft has covered 65 % of the
distance. The groundspeed of the two aircraft are:

a) 501 & 270

b) 492 & 279
c) 481 & 290

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

282. Aircraft A, GS 280 kts, passes overhead VOR GDV at 0955Z. Aircraft B,
GS 375 kts, passes overhead VOR GDV at 1017Z following the same route. Aircraft
B will overtake aircraft A at:

a) 1100 Z
b) 1111 Z
c) 1122 Z

283. Aircraft A, GS 210 kts, passes overhead NDB BD at 1645Z. Aircraft B passes
overhead NDB BD at 1705Z and overtakes aircraft A at 1747Z. The groundspeed of
aircraft B is:

a) 310 kts
b) 320 kts
c) 330 kts

284. Two aircraft at the same Flight Level following the same route are approaching a
VOR. Aircraft A, GS 240 kts, is 280 NM from the VOR at 0620Z.
Aircraft B, GS 300 kts, is 315 nm from the VOR at 0626Z.

At what time must aircraft B reduce GS to 240 in order to ensure a 50 nm separation

at the VOR?

a) 0625 Z
b) 0635 Z
c) 0645 Z

285. An aircraft, GS 480 kts, estimates overhead “Oscar” at 2215Z. ATC requests the
aircraft to cross “Oscar” at 2226Z.
To accomplish this, the aircraft reduces speed to 410 kts at time:

a) 2111 Z
b) 2121 Z
c) 2131 Z

286. Aircraft A, GS 220 kts, passes over NDB NC, 4 minutes ahead of aircraft B.
Aircraft B, GS 360 kts, passes over VOR VXV 9 minutes ahead of A.
The distance from NDB NC to VOR VXV is:

a) 101 nm
b) 112 nm
c) 123 nm

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

287. An aircraft flying at GS 360 had an ETA of 1030Z at a VOR.

ATC requested that the aircraft cross the VOR at 1035Z.
To accomplish this, the aircraft reduced speed at 1005Z when 150 nm from the
VOR.
The reduced groundspeed was:

a) 280 kts
b) 290 kts
c) 300 kts

288. Aircraft A, GS 295 kts, passes over NDB MR 2 minutes ahead of aircraft B.
Aircraft B, GS 375 kts, passes over VOR ACB 11 minutes ahead of aircraft A.
The distance from NDB MR to VOR ACB is:

a) 290 nm
b) 300 nm
c) 310 nm

289. An aircraft flying at Mach 0.82, FL 310, and OAT -35°C, headwind 30 kts, estimates
“Zulu” at 1300Z. In order to cross “Zulu” at 1307Z the aircraft will reduce speed to
Mach 0,70 at:

a) 1222 Z
b) 1232 Z
c) 1242 Z

290. Aircraft A is overhead CP at 1235Z, GS 360 kts.

Aircraft B is overhead CP at 1300Z, GS 460 kts.
Both aircraft are en route to GH, 270 nm from CP.

What reduction in GS would aircraft B have to make at CP in order to ensure a 120

nm separation when aircraft A is overhead GH?

a) 10 kts
b) 20 kts
c) 30 kts

291. The distance from A (27°43’S 005°15’E) to B (27°43’S 018°29’E) is:

a) 703 nm
b) 1 261 nm
c) 1 452 nm

292. An aircraft departs C (45°17’N 025°52’E) on a track of 270° (T) and arrives at D after
a flight of 456 nm. The Longitude of D is:

a) 015°04’E
b) 016°32’E
c) 017°25’E

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

293. An aircraft in the Southern Hemisphere flies around the world in

16 hours 35 minutes at GS 478. The Latitude at which the aircraft flew was:

a) 68°28’S
b) 68°47’S
c) 69°12’S

294. An aircraft leaves ORLANDO, FLORIDA (28°32’N 081°20’W) at 0820Z,

GS 375. The ETA at TENERIFE, CANARIES (28°32’N 016°16W) is:

a) 1729 Z
b) 1744 Z
c) 1757 Z

295. An aircraft departed ABU DHABI (24°23’N 054°44’E) at 0652Z and arrived at
KARACHI (24°23’N 067°11’E) at 0817Z.
The average groundspeed for the flight was:

a) 470 kts
b) 480 kts
c) 490 kts

296. An aircraft leaves X (57°42’N 030°15’E) on a Rhumb Line track of 270° (T). After
flying 1 037 nm the Longitude of the aircraft is:

a) 002°06’W
b) 003°38’W
c) 004°29’W

297. An aircraft flies 425 nm along the parallel of Latitude 46°52’N. The change of
Longitude is:

a) 10°51’
b) 10°36’
c) 10°22’

298. The length of one nautical mile is:

a) Constant
b) Maximum at the poles
c) Maximum at the equator

299. The shortest distance from A (75°39’N 123°17’E) to B (78°27’N 056°43’W) is:

a) 1 554 nm
b) 1 672 nm
c) 1 739 nm

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

300. An aircraft leaves X (34°58’S 018°24’E) at 0630Z, track 360° (T), GS 300 kts. At
0755Z the aircraft turns right onto track 090° (T). The longitude of the aircraft at
0905 is:

a) 024°30’E
b) 025°00’E
c) 025°30’E

301. The Latitude where the distance between two meridians is half the distance between
the same two meridians at 25°N is:

a) 62°08’N
b) 62°31’N
c) 63°03’N

302. An aircraft leaves P (32°27’N 027°56’E) at 1730Z, track 270° (T), GS 390 kts. At
021°00’E it flies due South and passes abeam of Q (20°20’N 021°56’E) at 2012Z.
The groundspeed on the second leg was:

a) 384 kts
b) 394 kts
c) 404 kts

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

ANSWERS
1 B 51 B 101 A
2 B 52 B 102 C
3 A 53 A 103 B
4 C 54 C 104 C
5 B 55 A 105 B
6 A 56 B 106 C
7 A 57 C 107 A
8 C 58 A 108 A
9 B 59 A 109 B
10 A 60 C 110 C
11 A 61 A 111 B
12 B 62 C 112 C
13 A 63 B 113 A
14 C 64 B 114 C
15 A 65 A 115 B
16 A 66 C 116 B
17 B 67 C 117 C
18 B 68 C 118 B
19 C 69 A 119 B
20 B 70 C 120 A
21 C 71 A 121 C
22 A 72 B 122 C
23 B 73 B 123 B
24 A 74 C 124 C
25 C 75 A 125 A
26 B 76 C 126 B
27 A 77 B 127 A
28 C 78 C 128 A
29 C 79 B 129 C
30 A 80 A 130 B
31 A 81 B 131 B
32 B 82 C 132 A
33 C 83 A 133 A
34 B 84 B 134 C
35 C 85 A 135 A
36 A 86 C 136 B
37 B 87 A 137 B
38 A 88 B 138 A
39 B 89 C 139 C
40 C 90 B 140 A
41 B 91 B 141 A
42 A 92 A 142 B
43 A 93 A 143 A
44 C 94 B 144 C
45 B 95 B 145 B
46 C 96 C 146 C
47 B 97 A 147 A
48 A 98 B 148 B
49 B 99 B 149 C
50 C 100 B 150 B

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 COMMERCIAL PILOTS LICENSE – NAVIGATION AND PLOTTING (Typical Questions)

151 A 201 C 251 C

152 C 202 C 252 B
153 B 203 A 253 B
154 A 204 B 254 B
155 A 205 A 255 B
156 C 206 A 256 A
157 C 207 B 257 B
158 B 208 B 258 A
159 A 209 C 259 C
160 B 210 A 260 B
161 A 211 B 261 C
162 B 212 A 262 A
163 A 213 C 263 B
164 C 214 B 264 A
165 C 215 A 265 C
166 B 216 B 266 A
167 B 217 A 267 B
168 A 218 C 268 C
169 B 219 B 269 C
170 C 220 A 270 A
171 A 221 B 271 B
172 C 222 A 272 A
173 B 223 C 273 C
174 A 224 C 274 B
175 A 225 B 275 A
176 C 226 A 276 B
177 C 227 B 277 C
178 A 228 B 278 A
179 B 229 C 279 A
180 B 230 A 280 C
181 A 231 B 281 A
182 C 232 B 282 C
183 C 233 A 283 A
184 A 234 A 284 B
185 B 235 B 285 A
186 A 236 A 286 C
187 B 237 B 287 C
188 B 238 A 288 B
189 A 239 B 289 A
190 C 240 A 290 A
191 C 241 A 291 B
192 A 242 C 292 A
193 B 243 C 293 A
194 C 244 C 294 A
195 A 245 A 295 B
196 C 246 B 296 A
197 A 247 C 297 C
198 B 248 C 298 B
199 B 249 C 299 A
200 A 250 B 300 B
301 C
302 C

JANUARY 2004 TYPICAL QUESTIONS – NAVIGATION PAGE 56 of 56

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