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Protection Riddle No.28 - Current transformer over voltage
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» Protection Riddles 1 Author : NASER - From: IRAN
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Tue, February 10, 2009 - 15:20 #1
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Although the rms magnitude of voltage induced in a CT secondary is limited by
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core saturation, very high voltage peaks can occur. Such high voltages are
» Protection Riddles 5 possible if the CT burden impedance is high ( secondary open circuit ) , and if
» Protection Riddles 6 the primary current is many times the CTs continuous rating. The peak voltage
occurs when the rate-of-change of core flux is highest, which is approximately
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when the flux is passing through zero. The maximum flux density that may be
» Protection Riddles 8 reached does not affect the magnitude of the peak voltage. Therefore, the
» Protection Riddles 9 magnitude of the peak voltage is practically independent of the CT
characteristics other than the nameplate ratio.
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One series of tests on bushing CTs produced peak voltages whose magnitudes
» Protection Riddles 11 could be expressed empirically as follows:
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e = 3.5 Z I 0.53
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where e = peak voltage in volts.
» Protection Riddles 15 Z = unsaturated magnitude of CT burden impedance in ohms.
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I = primary current divided by the CTs nameplate ratio.
» Protection Riddles 17 The value of Z should include the unsaturated magnetizing impedance of any
» Protection Riddles 18 idle CTs that may be in parallel with the useful burden. If a tap on the secondary
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winding is being used, as with a bushing CT, the peak voltage across the full
winding will be the calculated value for the tap multiplied by the ratio of the
» Protection Riddles 20 turns on the full winding to the turns on the tapped portion being used; in other
» Protection Riddles 21 words, the CT will step up the voltage as an autotransformer. Because it is the
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practice to ground one side of the secondary winding, the voltage that is
induced in the secondary will be impressed on the insulation to ground.
» Protection Riddles 23 The standard switchgear high potential test to ground is 1500 volts rms, or 2121
» Protection Riddles 24 volts peak; and the standard CT test voltage is 2475 volts rms or 3500 volts
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peak. The lower of these two should not be exceeded.
Another possible cause of overvoltage is the switching of a capacitor bank when
» Protection Riddles 26 it is very close to another energized capacitor bank.
» Protection Riddles 27 The primary current of a CT in the circuit of a capacitor bank being energized
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or de-energized will contain transient high-frequency currents. With
high-frequency primary and secondary currents, a CT burden reactance, which
» Protection Riddles 29 at normal frequency is moderately low, becomes very high, thereby contributing
» Protection Riddles 30 to CT saturation and high peak voltages across the secondary. Overvoltage
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protectors may be required to limit such voltages to safe values.
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Author : Hamid - From: IRAN
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» Protection Riddles 34 Submit Your Answer
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