RELATIVE CLAUSES

I. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
1. WHO & WHOM
 The woman is my girlfriend. She is wearing a T-shirt. WHO + V
S
 The woman who is wearing a T-shirt is my girlfriend.

 John is the person. I admire him very much. WHOM + S + V

O
 John is the person whom I admire very much.

 John is the person I admire very much.

2. WHICH
 The machine is working again now. It broke down yesterday. WHICH + V
S
 The machine which broke down yesterday is working again now.

 The dog is very friendly. I bought it from the store. WHICH + S + V

O
 The dog which I bought from the store is very friendly.

 The dog I bought from the store is very friendly.

3. THAT
 Các trường hợp PHẢI dùng “that”
a. So sánh nhất
EX He was the most interesting person THAT I have ever met.
b. Khi đi sau các từ: only, the first, the last
EX It was the first time THAT I had felt so sad.
c. Khi danh từ phía trước gồm cả người và vật
EX We can see a lot of people and cattle THAT are going to the field.
d. Khi đi sau các từ sau: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something,
somebody, all, some, any, little, none
EX I’ll tell you something THAT is very interesting.
All THAT is mine is yours.
 Các trường hợp KHÔNG dùng “that”
a. Trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (có dấu phẩy)
b. Khi đứng ngay sau giới từ. (Xem Ví dụ phần II. 2.)

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 4. WHOSE
 The girl is standing over there. Her brother was injured in an accident. WHOSE + NOUN
 The girl whose brother was injured in an accident is standing over there.

5. WHEN, WHERE, WHY

 Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day. WHEN = ON/IN/AT WHICH

→ Do you still remember the day WHEN we first met?

→ Do you still remember the day on WHICH we first met?

 The hotel wasn’t very clean. We stayed at that hotel. WHERE = ON/IN/AT WHICH

→ The hotel WHERE we stayed wasn’t very clean.

→ The hotel at WHICH we stayed wasn’t very clean.

 I don’t know the reason. You didn’t go to school for that reason. WHY = FOR WHICH

→ I don’t know the reason WHY you didn’t go to school.

→ I don’t know the reason for WHICH you didn’t go to school.

II. NOTES
1. Dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (có dấu phẩy) khi:
a. Danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng
EX Mr Brown, who teaches us English, is a very nice person.
b. Danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their…)
EX My father, whom you met yesterday, will fix the car for you.
c. Danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ đi với this, that, these, those
EX These scientists, who are working on a project, are very famous.
2. Đối với những mệnh đề quan hệ có chứa giới từ, có thể đem giới từ lên trước đại từ quan hệ.
 Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
→ Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
→ Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
→ Mr. Brown, with that we studied last year, is a nice teacher.

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EXERCISE 1 REWRITE THE FOLLOWING SENTENCES USING RELATIVE CLAUSES (1->30)

1. My father bought a motorbike. The motorbike costs 2 thousand dollars.

 My father bought a motorbike which costs 2 thousand dollars.
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2. Is this the person? He stole your handbag.

 Is this the person who stole your handbag?
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3. I live in a dormitory. Its residents come from many countries.

 I live in a dormitory whose residents come from many country.
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4. The child is living with his aunt. His parents died in the air crash.
 The child whose parents are died in the air crash is living with his aunt.
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5. The artists performed many wonderful shows. We met them yesterday.

 The artists whom we met yesterday performed many wonderful shows.
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6. I miss seeing the old woman. She used to sell flowers on that street corner.
 I miss seeing the old woman who used to sell flowers on that street corner.
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7. I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting.
 I have to call the man whose umberlla I accidentally picked up after the meeting.
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8. This is a photograph of the friends. We went on holiday with these friends.

 This is the photograph of the friends whom we we went on holiday with.
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9. I know the hotel. You can find a suitable room for your family there.

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  I know the hotel where you can find a suitbale room for your family.
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10. I don’t know the reason. She left for that reason.
 I don’t know the reason why she left .
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 I don’t know the reason which she left for.

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 I don’t know the reason for which she left.

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11. Peter is my brother. He has just won the Formula One Race.
 Peter, who has just won the Formula One Race, is my brother
12. His house is old. It needs redecorating as soon as possible.
 His house, which needs redecorating as soon as possible, is old
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13. This vase is very expensive. It was made in Japan.

 This vase, which was made in Japan, is very expensive
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14. I failed the final exam. This made my parents disappointed.

 I failed the final exam, which made my parents
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15. They have three children. All of them want to become artists.
 They have three children, all of whom want to become artists
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16. There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box. I was phoning from this box.
 There wasn’t any directory in the telephone box which I was phoning from.
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  There wasn’t any directing in the telephone box from which i was phoning.
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17. Everyone tried to help a family. Their house had burned down.
 Everyone tried to help a family whose house had burned down.
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18. He pointed to the stairs. They led down to the cellar.

 He pointed to the stairs which led down to the cellar.
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19. The people didn’t know French. He was speaking to these people.
 The people whom he was speaking to didn’t know French
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 The people to whom he was speaking didn’t know French

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20. I wanted to visit War Museum. It was shut when I got there.
 I wanted to visit War Museum, which was shut when I got there.
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21. You sent me a present. Thank you very much for it.
 Thank you very much for the present which you sent me.
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22. The man was sitting at the desk. I had come to see this man.
 The man whom I had to come to see was sitting at the desk.
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23. They are choosing the boys for the school’s football team. All of them are under 15.
 They are choosing the boys for the school’s football team, all of whom are under 15.
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24. Their house needs a lot of work doing to it. It is near the beach.

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  Their house, which is near the beach, needs a lot of work doing to it.
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25. That new manager seems to be a very capable woman. I met her last week.
 That new manager whom I met last week, seems to be a very capable woman.
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26. The day is Sunday. I will take an exam on that day.

 Sunday is the day that(when) I will take an exam.
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27. This book is about Dennis Thatcher. His wife became Prime Minister.
 This book is about Dennis Thatcher, whose wife became Prime Minister.
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28. Maria is my sister’s friend. I introduced you to Maria last night.

 Maria, whom I introduced you to last night, is my sister’s friend.
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29. The fruit is fresh. We are tasting the fruit now.

 The fruit which we are tasting right now is fresh.
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30. Mary and Margaret are twins. You met them yesterday.
 Mary and Margaret, whom you met yesterday, are twins
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31. She failed the final exam. This made her parents very sad.
 She failed the final exam, which made here parents very sad.
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32. I know a place. You can find good accommodation there.

 I know a place where you can find good accommodation .
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33. Charlie Chaplin died in 1977. His films amused millions of people in the world.

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  Charlie Chaplin, whose movies amused millions of people in the world, died in 1977.
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34. The man didn’t come back again. I shouted at him.

 The man whom I was shouted at didn’t come back
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35. The television never worked again. I dropped it.

 The television which I dropped, never worked again.
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36. The machine was broken. I hired it.

 The machine which I hired was broken
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37. The clothes were beautiful. She bought some clothes.

 She bought some clothes, which were [Link] clothes which she bought were beautiful
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38. The wall fell down after three weeks. They built the wall.
 The wall which they built, felt down after three weeks.
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39. The policeman wasn’t very helpful. I asked him.

 The police whom I asked wasn’t very helpful.
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40. I didn’t really like the car. We bought it.

 We bought a car, which we didn’t really like I didn’t really like the car which we bought
41. I lost the money. I borrowed it from John.
 I lost the money which I borrowed from John
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42. She is the most intelligent woman. I’ve never met this woman.
 I’ve never met this woman, who is the most intelligent woman. She is the most intillegent woman
that I’ve ever met

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 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

43. This doctor is famous. You visited him yesterday.

 This doctor, whom you visited yesterday is famous
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44. These children are orphans. She is taking care of these children.
 These children whom, she is taking care of, is orphans
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45. My father goes swimming every day. You met him this morning.
 My father, whom you met this morning, goes swimming everyday.
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46. The man is my father. I respect this man most.

 The man whom I respect the most is my father.
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47. The man is my father. I respect his opinion most.

 The man whose opinion I respect the most is my father.
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48. I’ll introduce you to the man. His support is necessary for your project.
 I’ll introduce you to the man whose support is necessary for your project.
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49. The middle-aged man is the director. My father is talking to him.

 The middle-aged man whom my father is talking to is the director.
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50. The boy is my cousin. You make fun of him.

 The boy who you make fun of is my cousin.
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51. The student is from China. He sits next to me.

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  The student who sits next to me is from China.
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52. I thanked the woman. This woman had helped me.

 I thanked the woman who had helped me.
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EXERCISE 2 CHOOSE THE BEST ANSWERS

1. That’s my friend,_______________ comes from Japan.

A. which B. who C. whom D. where.
2. The plants which ______________ in the living room need a lot of water.
A. are B. be C. is D. was
3. She’s the woman _______________ sister looks after the baby for us.
A. who B. which C. that’s D. whose
4. That’s the doctor for ________________ Cliff works.
A. that B. which C. whom D. whose
5. Marie, ______________ I met at the party, called me last night.
A. that B. whom C. which D. whose
6. I remember Alice, ______________ rode the bus to school with.
A. I B. whom I C. which I D. who
7. I used to enjoy the summer, ______________ we had a big family picnic.
A. where B. when C. which D. that
8. Tell me about the city ______________ you grew up.
A. that B. where C. which D. ø
9. Anna found the book that ________________ wanted at the bookshop.
A. ø B. where C. she D. which
10. Please remember to take back to the library all the books ________ are due this week.
A. ø B. that C. when D. they
11. He likes the dress. Huong is wearing it.
A. He likes the dress which Huong is wearing it. B. He likes the dress Huong is wearing it.
C. He likes the dress who Huong is wearing. D. He likes the dress Huong is wearing.
12. Most of the classmates couldn't come. He invited them to the birthday party.
A. Most of the classmates he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
B. Most of the classmates he was invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
C. Most of the classmates that he invited them to the birthday party couldn't come.
D. Most of the classmates which he invited to the birthday party couldn't come.
13. What was the name of the man? You met and talked to him this morning.
A. What was the name of the man who you met and talked to him this morning?
B. What was the name of the man you met and talked to this morning?
C. What was the name of the man you met and talked to whom this morning?
D. What was the name of the man whose you met and talked to this morning?
14. The church is over 500 years old. Our class visited it last summer.
A. The church which our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.
B. The church that our class visited it last summer is over 500 years old.

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 C. The church which our class visited last summer is over 500 years old.
D. The church our class visit last summer is over 500 years old.
15. The song says about the love of two young stdents. She is singing the song.
A. The song which she is singing it says about the love of two young stdents.
B. The song she is singing says about the love of two young stdents.
C. The song says about the love of two young stdents which she is singing.
D. The song says about the love of two young stdents that she is singing it.

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