Chapter 2 Plants: Structure and Function
3. What are the similarities and differences between?
Question a.
Jowar and Moong
Differences:
Jowar Moong
i. It has fibrous root. i. It has tap root.
ii. It is a monocotyledonous seed. ii. It is a dicotyledonous seed.
iii. It is a rabi crop. iii. It is a kharif crop
Similarities:
Jowar and Moong both are angiosperms.
Question b.
Onion and Coriander
Differences:
Onion Coriander
i. It is a biennial plant. i. It is an annual plant.
ii. It has monocotyledonous seed. ii. It has dicotyledonous seeds.
iii. It has tap root but later on changes
iii. It has fibrous root.
to fibrous root system.
Similarities:
1. Both are used in cooking.
2. Both are edible.
3. Both belongs to kingdom plantae.
Question c.
Leaves of banana and Leaves of mango
Answer:
Leaves of banana Leaves of mango
i. It has parallel venation. i. It has reticulate venation.
ii. It is very large in size. ii. It is small in size.
iii. It is a monocotyledonous plant. iii. It is a dicotyledonous plant.
Question d.
Coconut tree and Jowar stalk plant
Answer:
Differences:
Coconut tree Jowar stalk plant
i. It is tall and has a thick stem i. It is small and has a thin stem.
ii. It has strong root system. ii. It has weak root system.
iii. Each and every part of tree is useful. iii. Only seeds are useful.
Similarities:
1. Both are from same kingdom plantae.
2. Both are autotrophic.
3. Both are monocotyledonous plants.
4. Explain the following images in your own words.
Question a.
Answer:
I) Diagram A is of maize seed.
It is a monocotyledonous seed and does not divide into two equal parts.
The plant has fibrous root system.
II) Diagram B is of bean seed.
It is a dicotyledonous seed and it divides into two equal parts. The plant
has tap root system.
5. Describe the functions of various parts of a plant.
Question a.
Describe the functions of various parts of a plant.
Answer:
The functions of various parts of a plant are as below.
1. Root:- It anchors the plant body to the soil, so helps in [Link] absorbs
water and nutrients from the soil. The root translocates water and mineral salts
into the stem.
2. Stem: It supports and holds leaves, flower and fruits. The stem conducts the
water and minerals from roots to leaves and fruits. It stores the food.
3. Leaves:- It synthesizes food for the plant. Stomata, the tiny openings in the
leaf help in gaseous exchange.
4. Flower:- It helps in reproduction.
5. Fruit:- It protects the seed. It helps in seed dispersal.
6. Seed:- A new plant develops from it.
6. Certain properties are mentioned below. Find a leaf corresponding to each
property and describe those plants.
leaves with smooth surface, leaves with rough surface, fleshy leaf, spines on leaf.
Answer:
1. Leaves with smooth surface:-
e.g. Banana leaf. It is large in size. It is closely rolled up one over the
other. Together they look like a trunk but they form only an apparent
trunk. It has parallel venation.
2. Leaves with rough surface:-
e.g. Hibiscus leaf. It has reticulate venation. Leaf margin is toothed.
3. Fleshy leaf:-
e.g. Jade plant, water hyacinth. It has fleshy, glossy and smooth
leaves. They are coloured jade green and having a slightly red tinge
towards the edge of leaves when exposed to higher level of light.
4. Spines on leaf:-
e.g. Opuntia, kevda. Opuntia is a desert plant. Leaf is thick, fleshy and
having spines on it.
7. Find the plant parts.
Question a.
Answer:
ROOT, ROOT CAP, ROOT HAIR, BUD, PETALS, STEM, RADICLE, FLOWER, LEAF,
VEIN, CALYX, NODE, OVUM.