D”P gva¨wgK ● A_©bxwZ (cÖ_g cÎ) ● Aa¨vqwfwËK m„Rbkxj cÖ‡kœi DËi

Aa¨vq-3: Drcv`b, e¨q I Avq

1. wb‡Pi QKwU jÿ¨ K‡iv Ges cÖk¸ œ ‡jvi DËi `vI: Dchy³ m~wP‡Z jÿ Kiv hvq,Drcv`b (Q) GK GK‡Ki †ÿ‡Î TFC
Drcv`b (Q) †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q(TVC) = 10 I TVC = 4|Kv‡RB TC =(10+4)=14 GKK|GLb TC †K
1 4 Q Øviv fvM Ki‡j (AC= 14 1
) =14 GKK cvIqv hvq|GKBfv‡e
2 10 2,3,4 I 5 GKK Drcv`‡bi †ÿ‡Î Mo h_vµ‡g 10,8,10 I 12
3 14 GKK|
4 30 N. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q
5 50 (MC) wbY©q K‡i G‡`i ga¨Kvi m¤úK© wb‡P we‡kølY Kiv
K. cÖvwšÍK e¨q Kv‡K e‡j? n‡jv:
L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i AR=MR nq †Kb?
M. DÏxcK †_‡K AC ‡ei K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡Ki mvnv‡h¨ AC I MC m¤úK© we‡kølY K‡iv|
1 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. Drcv`b‡ÿ‡Î AwZwi³ GK GKK Drcv`b e„w× Ki‡j †h
cwigvY e¨q e„w× cvq,Zv‡K cÖvwšÍK e¨q e‡j|
L. mvaviYZ c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i `ª‡e¨i `vg w¯’i _v‡K
e‡j AR=MR nq|
c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡I AmsL¨ †µZv I we‡µZv GKwU
mgvRvZxq cY¨ GKwU wbw`©ó `v‡g Aev‡a µq-weµq Ki‡Z
cv‡i|d‡j †Kv‡bv GKRb †µZvi c‡ÿ c‡Y¨i evRvi Pvwn`v
†iLvi ¯’vb cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e bq|Avevi GKRb we‡µZv
c‡Y¨i evRvi †hvMvb †iLv cÖfvweZ Kiv m¤¢e bq|`ªe¨g~j¨
evRvi Pvwn`v I evRvi †hvMvb †iLv Øviv wba©vwiZ|‡Kv‡bv †µZv
ev we‡µZvi c‡ÿ GB g~j¨ cwieZ©b Kiv m¤¢e bq|GB Kvi‡Y
c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i c~‡Y¨i Mo Avq AR Ges MR
DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K cÖvß m~wP I Aw¼Z wP‡Î jÿ Kiv
cÖvwšÍK Avq mgvb nq|
hvq,Drcv`‡bi cÖv_wgK ch©vq Mo e¨q (AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wb‡P m~wPi gva¨‡g Mo e¨q AC
(MC) Dfq Kg‡Z _v‡K|Z‡e G‡ÿ‡Î MC -Gi †P‡q AC
wbY©q Kiv n‡jv:
mvavibZ †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i Drcv`‡bi †gvU e¨q‡K †gvU Drcv`‡bi †ewk _v‡K|GK ch©v‡q AC †iLv‡K MC †iLv †Q`
cwigvY Øviv fvM Ki‡j Mo e¨q cvIqv hvq|‡hLv‡b †gvU e¨q K‡i|G‡ÿ‡Î AC me©wb¤œ Ges AC = MC nq|Gici
n‡jv †gvU w¯’i e¨q I †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi mgwó| Drcv`b evo‡Z _vK‡j AC Ges MC Dfq evo‡Z _v‡K|Z‡e
Drcv`b †gvU w¯’i ‡gvU †gvU e¨q Mo e¨q G Ae¯’vq AC A‡cÿv MC †ewk nq|A_©vr MC †iLv AC
(Q) e¨q(TFC) cwieZ©bxq (TC = TFC (AC †iLvi Dc‡i Ae¯’vb K‡i|
e¨q + TVC ) = TC )
𝑄
(TVC) 2. wg.ÔLÕ Zvi K…wl Lvgv‡i Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY I Kjv‡Kxkj w¯’i †i‡L
1 10 4 14 14 ïay kÖg e„w× K‡i|hvi d‡j †gvU Drcv`b I cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
2 10 10 20 10 wb‡¤œi cÖ`Ë QK Abyhvqx e„w× cvq:
3 10 14 24 8 kÖg I g~jab †gvU Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
4 10 30 40 10 1Rb I 100 UvKv 12 GKK 12 GKK
5 10 50 60 12 2Rb I 100 UvKv 22 GKK 10 GKK
3Rb I 100UvKv 30GKK 8 GKK
 4Rb I 100UvKv 36 GKK 6 GKK we›`y Øviv †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|GLb cÖvß a,b, c, Ges d we›`y¸‡jv
K. Drcv`b Kx? †hvM K‡i †gvU Drcv`b †iLv TP cvIqv hvq|
L. GK‡PwUqv evRv‡i AR I MR mgvb nq bv †Kb? N. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K LvgviwU‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K K…wl Lvgv‡i †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b Drcv`b wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q|GwU K…wl †ÿ‡Î †ewk Kvh©Ki|
K‡iv|
N. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K Lvgv‡i †Kvb wewawU Kvh©Ki n‡q‡Q?
wewawU †Kvb †ÿ‡Î †ewk Kvh©Ki? gZvgZ `vI|
2 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
K. wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi mswgkª‡Y †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨ bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i
hvi wewbgq g~j¨ Av‡Q Zv‡K Drcv`b e‡j|
L. g~jZ GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i we‡µZv ev Drcv`K `vg cwieZ©b
K‡i evRv‡i †hvMvb n«vm ev e„w× Ki‡Z cv‡i|hvi djkÖæwZ‡Z
G evRv‡i cÖvwšÍK Avq(MR) Ges Mo Avq (AR) ev `vg mgvb
nq bv|eis AR> MR nq|
GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i †gvU Avq e„w× Kivi j‡ÿ `vg Kgv‡j AR
I MR n«vm cvq|Z‡e Mo Avq †h nv‡i n«vm cvq cÖvwšÍK Avq Dc‡ii wPÎwU cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K A¼b Kiv n‡q‡Q|‡hLv‡b
Zvi †P‡q †ewk nv‡i n«vm cvq|A_©vr GK‡PwUqv Kviev‡i AR OX A‡ÿ kÖg Ges OY A‡ÿ cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wb‡`©wkZ
I MR †iLv Dfq wb¤œMvgx n‡jI MR †iLv AR †iLvi wb‡P n‡q‡Q|cÖ`Ë m~wP I Dc‡ii wP‡Î jÿ Kiv hvq g~jab 100
Ae¯’vb K‡i|GRb¨B G evRv‡i AR I MR mgvb nq bv| GKK w¯’i †i‡L kªg wb‡qvM 1 GKK ‡_‡K 2 GKK Kiv n‡j
M. DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K wb‡P K…wl Lvgv‡i †gvU Drcv`b †gvU Drcv`b 12 GKK †_‡K †e‡o 22 GKK nq|G‡ÿ‡Î
†iLv A¼b Kiv n‡jv| cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b 12 GKK †_‡K K‡g 10 GKK nq|GLb kÖg
wb‡qvM AviI e„w× Kiv n‡j Z_v 2 GKK †_‡K 3 GKK Ges
3 GKK †_‡K 4 GKK Kiv n‡j †gvU Drcv`b e„w× †c‡jI
cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b h_vµ‡g 10 GKK †_‡K 8 GKK Ges 8 GKK
†_‡K 6 GK‡K n«vm cvq|A_©vr cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgvš^‡q Kg‡Z
_v‡K|hv µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa‡K wb‡`©k K‡i|
mvaviYZ f~wgi †hvMvb I Drcv`b †Kxkj w¯’i _vKv mv‡c‡ÿ
K…wl †ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewa †ewk
Kvh©Ki|ZvQvov K…wl cÖRbb mgÜxq KvR nIqv GKwU
cÖK…wZ,AvenvIqv,ZvcgvÎv BZ¨vw` Øviv f~wgi Drcv`b ÿgZv
cÖevwnZ nq|Z_v GKB Rwg evievi e¨env‡ii d‡j cÖvwšÍK
Drcv`b n«vm cvq|hvi d‡j †gvU Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i
ev‡o Ges †gvU Drcv`b m‡e©v”P nIqvi ci Zv n«vm ‡c‡Z ïiæ
K‡i|Kv‡RB ejv hvq Dchy³ KviY¸‡jvi Rb¨ Ab¨vb¨ Lv‡Zi
wP‡Î f~wg A‡ÿ(OX) kÖg Ges j¤^ A‡ÿ (OY) †gvU Drcv`b Zzjbvq K…wl Lv‡Z µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawU AwaK
†`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q|cÖ`Ë m~wP‡Z jÿ Kiv hvq,wg.ÔLÕ Zvi K…wl Kvh©Ki|
Lvgv‡i Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY I Kjv‡Kxkj w¯’i †i‡L 1 GKK kÖg
wb‡qvM K‡i 12 GKK Drcv`b K‡i _v‡Kb|hv wP‡Î a we›`y Øviv 3. wRbvZ GKRb K…lK|wZwb 2 weNv Rwg Pvl K‡ib|2010 mv‡j
wb‡`©wkZ n‡q‡Q|GLb kÖg wb‡qvM e„w× K‡i 2 GKK n‡j †gvU wZwb 1000 UvKvi kÖg I g~jab wb‡qvM K‡i 30 gY avb
Drcv`b `uvovq 22 GKK|hv wP‡Î b we›`y `¦viv wb‡`©wkZ Drcv`b K‡iwQ‡jb|2011,2012 I 2013 mv‡j h_vµ‡g
n‡q‡Q| 2000,3000 I 4000 UvKvi kÖg I g~jab e¨envi K‡i
GKB fv‡e 3 I 4 GKK kÖg wb‡qvM K‡i h_vµ‡g †gvU wRbv‡Zi av‡bi Drcv`b n‡”Q 50, 65 I 75 gY|
Drcv`b 30 I 36 GKK cvIqv hvq|hv wP‡Î h_vµ‡g c I d K. Drcv`b Kx?
L. ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡Ki mKj Dcv`vb wK w¯’i?
 M. DÏxc‡Ki wfw³‡Z †gvU Drcv`b †iLv A¼b K‡iv| cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i ‡cÖwÿ‡Z ejv hvq,kÖg I g~jab e¨q e„w×i mv‡_
N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wK µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b mv‡_ av‡bi †gvU Drcv`b evo‡jI Zv DcKiY wb‡qv‡Mi
wewai mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©ÑAv‡jvPbv K‡iv| Zzjbvq Kg nv‡i †e‡o‡Q|‡hgb-av‡bi cªvwšÍK Drcv`b wbY©q
3 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi Ki‡j †`Lv hvq 1000 UvKv,2000 UvKv,3000 UvKv I 4000
K. wewfbœ DcKi‡Yi mswgkª‡Y †Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨ bZzb Dc‡hvM m„wó K‡i UvKv kÖg I g~jab eve` wewb‡qv‡Mi `iæb av‡bi cÖvwšÍK
hvi wewbgq g~j¨ Av‡Q Zv‡K Drcv`b e‡j| Drcv`b cvIqv hvq h_vµ‡g 30,20,15 I 10 gY|av‡bi
L. ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡Ki mKj Dcv`vb w¯’i _v‡K bv; cÖvwšÍK Drcv`‡bi cwigvY ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ejv hvq,1000
b~¨bZg GKwU Dcv`v‡bi cwieZ©b nq| UvKvi kÖg I g~jab wewb‡qv‡Mi d‡j av‡bi cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
‡h Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K wKQz Dcv`vb w¯’i †_‡K GK ev GKvwaK cÖ_‡g 30 gY n‡jI cieZ©x‡Z 2000 UvKv,3000 UvKv I
Dcv`vb cwieZ©b Kiv hvq Zv‡K ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿK 4000 UvKvi Kg kÖg I g~jab eve` wewb‡qv‡Mi d‡j av‡bi
e‡j|‡hgb- Q= f(L,K)=4L+3 GKwU ¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b K‡g nq h_vµ‡g 20,15 I 10 gY|G‡ÿ‡Î
A‡cÿK|GLv‡b g~jab w¯’i †_‡K kÖ‡gi cwieZ©b †`Lv‡bv jÿ Kiv hvq av‡bi †gvU Drcv`b evo‡jI cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b
n‡q‡Q|ZvB ejv hvq,¯^íKvjxb Drcv`b A‡cÿ‡K mKj µgvš^‡q K‡g G‡m‡Q|
Dcv`vb w¯’i _v‡K bv| myZivs kÖg I g~ja‡bi wewb‡qv‡Mi d‡j †gvU Drcv`b e„w×
M. DÏxc‡Ki Z‡_¨i Av‡jv‡K cv‡k wRZv‡bi av‡bi †gvU Drcv`b †c‡jI cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b µgn«vmgvb nv‡i e„w× ‡c‡q‡Q|ZvB ejv
†iLv A¼b Kiv n‡jv: hvq,D³ Drcv`b‡ÿ‡Î µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewawU
Kvh©Ki|

4. kixd mv‡ne GKwU wPwbK‡j KvR K‡ib|me mgq wPwbK‡j

KuvPvgvj cvIqv hvq bv|ZvB eQ‡ii GKwU wbw`©ó mgq
KviLvbvwU‡Z wPwb Drcv`b eÜ _v‡K|Avevi wKQz LiP Av‡Q hv
wPwbi Drcv`b eÜ nIqvi mv‡_ mv‡_ eÜ n‡q hvq|
K. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv Kx Kx?
L. Drcv`‡b ¯^íKv‡ji aviYv e¨vL¨v K‡iv|
M. KviLvbv eÜ _vK‡j wK ai‡bi e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq?e¨vL¨v
K‡iv|
N. ÔDrcv`b eÜ e¨q eÜÕ-K_vwU DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K
we‡kølY K‡iv|
cÖ`Ë wP‡Î f~wg A‡ÿ (OX) kªg I g~jab e¨q Ges j¤^ A‡ÿ 4 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
(OY) †gvU Drcv`‡bi cwigvY cwigvc Kiv n‡q‡Q|DÏxc‡K K. Drcv`‡bi DcKiY¸‡jv n‡jvÑf~wg,kÖg,g~jab I msMVb|
†`Lv hvq,Rwg‡Z kÖg I g~jab eve` 1000 UvKv,2000 L. ¯^íKvj ej‡Z Ggb †gqv`‡K †evSvq †h mg‡q d©vg Zvi w¯’i
UvKv,3000 UvKv I 4000 UvKv e¨q Ki‡j †gvU avb Drcv`b DcKiY¸‡jvi cwieZ©b QvovB †Kej cwieZ©bxq
nq h_vµ‡g 30,50,65 I 75 gY|wP‡Î G Ae¯’vmg~n h_vµ‡g DcKiY¸‡jvi cwieZ©b Øviv Drcv`‡bi cwigvY cwieZ©b
a,b, c, Ges d we›`y¸‡jv Øviv wb‡`©k Kiv n‡q‡Q|GLb kÖg I Ki‡Z cv‡i|
g~jab e¨q Ges av‡bi †gvU Drcv`‡bi cwigvYm~PK a,b, c, ¯^íKv‡j hš¿cvwZ,¯’vqx Kg©Pvix,KviLvbvi AvqZb BZ¨vw`i
Ges d we›`y¸‡jv hy³ K‡i †iLvwU TP Uvwb|GwUB n‡jv cÖ`Ë g‡Zv w¯’i DcKiY¸‡jvi †Kv‡bv cwieZ©b NUv‡bv hvq bv|ZvB
Z_¨bymv‡i †gvU Drcv`b †iLv| G¸‡jvi Rb¨ †h e¨q nq Zv w¯’i _v‡K|Z‡e G mg‡q
N. DÏxc‡Ki cÖvšÍwK Drcv`‡bi µgn«vmgvb cÖvwšÍK Drcv`b wewai gRywi,KvPuvgvj,cwienb,we`y¨r BZ¨vw`I g‡Zv DcKiY¸‡jvi
mv‡_ msMwZc~Y©| cwigv‡Yi cwieZ©b NUv‡bv hvq|G¸‡jvi Rb¨ ‡h e¨q nq Zv
`„k¨K‡í K…lK wRZv‡bi 2 weNv Rwg‡Z cÖ‡Z¨K eQi wbw`©ó nq cwieZ©bxq e¨q|Drcv`b †ÿ‡Î hZ mgq ch©šÍ G `yÕai‡bi
cwigvY kÖg I g~jab e¨‡qi `iæb av‡bi ‡gvU Drcv`‡bi e¨‡qi Aw¯Í¯’ _v‡K ZZ mgq ch©šÍ †gqv`‡K ¯^íKvj ejv nq|
Z_¨vw` †`Iqv Av‡Q|Zv‡Z Drcv`‡bi Ab¨vb¨ DcKiY w¯’i M. KviLvbv eÜ _vK‡jI w¯’i e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq|¯^íKv‡j ‡Kv‡bv
a‡i av‡bi †gvU Drcv`‡bi Dci ewa©Z kÖg I g~jab e¨‡qi KviLvbvi Drcv`b e¨q `yÕiKg nq;h_v-w¯’i e¨q Ges
cÖfve †`Lv‡bv n‡q‡Q| ciweZ©bxq e¨q|w¯’i e¨q n‡jv H e¨q hvi cwigvY Drcv`‡bi
 cwigv‡Yi Dci wbf©i K‡i bv|A_©vr KviLvbv †Lvjv ev eÜ 2 130 350
†h‡Kv‡bv Ae¯’Zvq G e¨q enb Ki‡Z nq|Drcv`‡bi cwigvY 3 130 420
evo‡j ev Kg‡jI G e¨q GKB _v‡K|Ab¨w`‡K Drcv`‡bi 4 130 560
cwigvY evo‡j †h e¨q ev‡o Avevi Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Kg‡j 5 130 750
‡h e¨q K‡g Zv‡K cwieZ©bxq e¨q e‡j|Drcv`‡bi cwigvY K. gvÎvMZ Drcv`b Kv‡K e‡j?
cwieZ©‡bi mv‡_ mv‡_ G e¨‡qiI cwieZ©b N‡U|
L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq ‡iLv
¯^íKv‡ji †Kv‡bv KviLvbvi Drcv`b eÜ _vK‡j Zv‡K
GKB nq †Kb?
cwieZ©bxq e¨q wbe©vn Ki‡Z nq bv,Z‡e Zvi w¯’i e¨q Aek¨B
M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K dzUej ˆZwii KviLvbvi Mo e¨q I
enb Ki‡Z nq|‡hgb-‡h KviLvbvi feb ev Rwg‡Z Drcv`b
Mo cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi m~wP ˆZwi K‡iv|
KvR P‡j †mwU hw` fvov †bIqv nq Rwgi ev fe‡bi Rb¨ †h
N. DÏxc‡K ewY©Z dzUej ˆZwii KviLvbvi Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK
LvRbv w`‡Z n‡e †mwU w¯’i e¨q|Drcv`‡bi cwigvY Kg‡j ev
e¨q †iLv AsKb K‡i Zv‡`i g‡a¨Kvi m¤úK© Av‡jvPbv
evo‡j ev mvgwqKfv‡e eÜ _vK‡jI LvRbv w`‡Z n‡e|‡Zgwb
K‡iv|
KviLvbv cwiPvjbv KiZ wM‡q †h †bIqv nq Zvi my` eve` †h
5 bs cÖ‡kœi DËi
e¨q nq Zv w¯’i e¨‡qi AšÍMZ©|Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi mv‡_ Zvi
†Kv‡bv m¤úK© †bB;wbw`ó mgq AšÍi Zv cwi‡kva Ki‡ZB n‡e| K. `xN©Kv‡j Drcv`‡bi mKj Dcv`vb GKwU wbw`©ó Abycv‡Z
myZivs ejv hvq,hw` KviLvbv eÜI _v‡K ZviciI w¯’i e¨q cwieZ©b Ki‡j †gvU Drcv`‡bi cwigv‡Yi †h cwieZ©b †`Lv
enb Ki‡Z nq| hvq Zv‡K gvÎvMZ Drcv`b e‡j|
N. ÔDrcv`b eÜ e¨q eÜÕ K_vwU DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡P we‡kølY L. c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i `vg wbw`©ó _vKvq
Kiv n‡jvÑ Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv GKB|
kwid mv‡ne †h wPwbK‡j KvR K‡ib Zvi KuvPvgvj we‡lk K‡i c~Y© cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i †µZv I we‡µZv mgRvZxq cY¨
AvL †Kej GKwU wbw`©ó †gxmy‡g cvIqv hvq,me mgq cvIqv wbw`©ó `v‡g †Kbv‡ePv K‡i|G evRv‡i Drcvw`Z c‡Y¨i †gvU
hvq bv|ZvB eQ‡ii †h mg‡q AvL cvIqv hvq bv,‡m mg‡q Pv‡n`v I †hvMv‡bi mgZv Øviv `vg wba©vwiZ nq|‡µZv I
KviLvbvwU‡Z wPwb Drcv`b eÜ _v‡K|KviLvbvi Drcv`‡bi we‡µZv †KDB wba©vwiZ `v‡gi Ici cÖfve we¯Ívi Ki‡Z cv‡i
Ggb Ae¯’v‡ZI KviLvbv wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ wKQz wKQz LiP bv|`vg (P)= Mo Avq (AR) nIqvi G evRv‡i Mo Avq me
Ki‡Z nq|‡hgb-wPwbK‡j AvaywbK I e¨qeûj hš¿cvwZ ¯’vcb mgq GKB _v‡K,d‡j cÖvwšÍK Avq I (MR) GKB|GRb¨B c~Y©
Kiv n‡q‡Q;Zvi iÿYv‡eÿ‡Yi Rb¨ wbqwgZ wKQy LiP Ki‡ZB cÖwZ‡hvwMZvg~jK evRv‡i Mo Avq I cÖvwšÍK Avq †iLv GKB
nq|KviLvbvwU‡Z `yÕai‡bi Kg©Pvwi KvR K‡i;¯’vqx I nq|
A¯’vqx|KviLvbv eÜ _vK‡j A¯’vqx Kg©Pvwi‡`i †eZb-fvZv bv M. DÏxc‡Ki Av‡jv‡K wb‡P dzUej ˆZwii KviLvbvi Mo e¨q
w`‡jI ¯’vqx Kg©Pvwi‡`i w`‡Z nq|ZvQvov wPwbK‡j exgv Kiv (AC) I Mo cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi (AVC)m~wP ˆZwi Kiv n‡jv:
Av‡Q;wbqwgZ Zvi wKw¯Í cÖ`vb Avewk¨K|Avevi KviLvbvwU‡Z ‡Kv‡bv `ª‡e¨i Drcv`‡bi †gvU e¨q‡K †gvU Drcv`‡bi cwigvY
hLb Drcv`b P‡j ZLb Zvi hš¿cvwZi ÿq nq,wKQz hš¿cvwZ w`‡q fvM Ki‡j Mo e¨q(AC) cvIqv hvq|Ab¨w`‡K Drcv`b
A‡K‡RvI n‡q c‡o|‡m¸‡jv wbqwgZB cyY:¯’vcb Kiv e„w× †c‡j †h e¨q e¨q e„w× cvq Zv‡K cwieZ©bxq e¨q(VC)
cÖ‡qvRb|GRb¨ KZ©„cÿ‡K AePq e¨q eve` wKQz A_© LiP e‡j|Avi †gvU cwieZ©bxq e¨q‡K †gvU Drcv`b w`‡q fvM
Ki‡Z nq|GQvov KviLvbvwU ¯’vcb Ki‡Z wM‡q e¨vsK †_‡K Ki‡j Mo cwieZ©bxq e¨q(AVC) cvIqv hvq|DÏxc‡K cÖ`Ë
†gvUv As‡Ki Fb wb‡Z n‡q‡Q;wbqwgZ Zvi my` cwi‡kva Z‡_¨i wfw³‡Z ˆZwiK…Z dzUej ˆZwii KviLvbvi Mo e¨q I
Ki‡ZB nq|Gfv‡e †`Lv hvq,KviLvbvwU wKQz mg‡qi Rb¨ eÜ Mo cwieZ©bxq e¨‡qi m~wPwU n‡e-
_vK‡jI Zvi Rb¨ GKwU †gvUv As‡Ki A_© e¨q Ki‡Z nq| Drcv`b Mo e¨q(AC) cwieZ©bxq
myZivs Dc‡iv³ Av‡jvPbvi †cwÿ‡Z ejv hvq,ÔDrcv`b eÜ e¨q(AVC)
e¨q eÜÕK_vwU mwVK bq|KviY,KviLvbvi Drcv`b eÜ 1 250 120
_vK‡jI e¨q eÜ _v‡K bv| 2 175 110
3 140 96.66
5. GKwU dzUej ‰Zwii KviLvbvq Drcv`b I e¨‡qi Z_¨ wb¤œiƒc: 4 140 107.5
Drcv`b †gvU w¯’i LiP ‡gvU e¨q 5 150 124
1 130 250
N. cÖ‡kœi DËi †`Iqvi cÖ‡qvR‡b DÏxc‡Ki cÖ`Ë Z‡_¨i wfw³‡Z
cÖ_‡g Mo e¨q(AC) I cÖvwšÍK e¨q(MC) Gi GKwU m~wP ˆZwi
Kiv n‡jv|c‡i Zvi wfw³‡Z AC I MC †iLv A¼b K‡i
Zv‡`i ga¨Kvi m¤úK© we‡kølY Kiv n‡jv|

‰ZwiK…Z m~wPi wfw³‡Z Aw¼Z †jLwP‡Î AC I MC †iLvØq

n‡jv h_vµ‡g Mo e¨q I cÖvwšÍK e¨q †iLv|‡iLv `ywUi AvK…wZ
ch©v‡jvPbv K‡i ejv hvq,Drcv`‡bi cÖviw¤¢K ch©v‡q AC †iLv
hLb wb¤œMvgx nq,ZLb MC †iLvI wb¤œMvgx nq Ges Zv AC
†iLvi wb‡P Ae¯’vb K‡i|G ch©v‡q MC< AC nq|
Drcv`‡bi wØZxq ch©v‡q AC †iLv me©wb¤œ Ae¯’vq MC †iLv
AC †iLv‡K †Q` K‡i;GL‡b AC = MC nq|Gici me©‡kl
¯Í‡i AC †iLv DaŸ©Mvgx n‡j MC †iLvI DaŸ©Mvgx nq Ges
AC †iLvi Dci Ae¯’vb K‡i|G ch©v‡q MC< AC nq|