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Essential Elements and Their Compounds

The document outlines various chemical elements and their properties, including noble gases, halogens, and compounds of carbon and sulfur. It highlights the uses of these elements in industrial and medical applications, as well as their roles in environmental processes. Additionally, it discusses the significance of elements like nitrogen and phosphorus in biological systems and their presence in the atmosphere.

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68 views1 page

Essential Elements and Their Compounds

The document outlines various chemical elements and their properties, including noble gases, halogens, and compounds of carbon and sulfur. It highlights the uses of these elements in industrial and medical applications, as well as their roles in environmental processes. Additionally, it discusses the significance of elements like nitrogen and phosphorus in biological systems and their presence in the atmosphere.

Uploaded by

manasindic
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

[Link].

in/ssc

Diamond (hardest natural substance).

Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar), Graphite (used in pencils).


Krypton (Kr), Xenon (Xe), Radon (Rn):
Noble Gases
Carbon Allotropy:
Fullerene (C60, soccer ball structure).

Inert gases with filled valence shells.


Graphene (strong, conductive material).

Various industrial and medical uses.

Compounds of Carbon
Highly reactive, exist in combined forms.

Disinfectant, bleaching agent. Chlorine (Cl): Halogens Forms carboxyhaemoglobin, causing


Carbon Monoxide (CO):
suffocation.
Antiseptic, treatment of goiter. Iodine (I2):
Carbon Dioxide (CO2): Dry ice, used in refrigeration and transport.

Compounds of Sulphur
Elements & their Carbides:
Compounds with metals or
electronegative elements.
Compounds - I
Strong dehydrating agent, corrosive. Sulphuric Acid (H2SO4): Constituent of air (79%).

Fixing agent in photography. Sodium Thiosulphate (Na2S2O3): Pungent odor, used in fertilizers and
Nitrogen Ammonia (NH3):
explosives.

Free state in volcanic regions. Lightning and bacteria convert nitrogen


Nitrogen Fixation:
into nitrates.
Sulphur (S)
Forms stable rhombic sulphur at ordinary
temperatures.
Constituent of atmosphere (21%).

Essential in bones, teeth, and DNA. Protects from UV rays, oxidizing agent.

Phosphorus (P) Oxygen Ozone (O3):


Reactive non-metal, occurs in combined Used in water sterilization and disinfection.
state.
Uses in mining and bleaching.

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