Model Question Paper -2 [Link]
Model Question Paper -2
answer the following 2 mark questions
why the internet is often referred to as a “giant wide area network
(WAN)”?
The internet is often called a "giant wide area network (WAN)"
because it connects countless devices, computers, and networks
across the globe. It functions similarly to a WAN, which is a network
that spans a large geographical area. The internet connects multiple
smaller networks (such as LANs and MANs) using various
technologies to create a vast, interconnected network accessible to
users worldwide.
what is a web server?
A web server is a software application or hardware device that stores,
processes, and delivers web content to users' browsers upon request.
It hosts websites, web applications, and multimedia resources like
images and videos. When a user accesses a URL, the web server
processes the request, retrieves the relevant content, and sends it to
the user's browser for display.
what is big data?
Big data refers to extremely large and complex datasets that cannot
be easily managed or processed using traditional database
management tools. It encompasses three main dimensions: volume
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(large data size), velocity (high data ingestion speed), and variety
(diverse data types). Big data is often characterized by its potential to
reveal insights, patterns, and trends when analyzed using advanced
technologies.
what is server-side scripting?
Server-side scripting involves writing and executing scripts on the web
server to generate dynamic content that is sent to the user's browser.
These scripts are processed on the server before the content is
delivered. Server-side scripting is used for tasks like processing form
data, accessing databases, and generating personalized content based
on user interactions.
what is [Link]
[Link] is an open-source runtime environment that allows
developers to build server-side applications using JavaScript. It uses
an event-driven, non-blocking architecture, making it particularly
suitable for building scalable and high-performance applications, such
as web servers and real-time applications.
what is a non-relational database or NoSQL?
1. A non-relational database, often referred to as NoSQL (which
stands for "Not Only SQL"), is a type of database system designed to
store and manage data in ways that differ from traditional relational
databases. NoSQL databases are often more flexible in handling
unstructured or semi-structured data, and they provide high
scalability and performance for certain use cases. Examples include
document stores, key-value stores, column-family stores, and graph
databases.
answer the following with 5 marks
write the feature of VoIP
Features of VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol):
VoIP enables voice communication over the internet by converting
audio signals into data packets. Its features include:
• Cost Efficiency: Lower call costs compared to traditional telephone
services.
• Flexibility: Can be used on various devices with an internet
connection.
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connection.
• Rich Media: Supports not only voice but also video and text
communication.
• Global Reach: Allows international calls without significant
additional charges.
• Integration: Can be integrated with other applications and
services.
explain the requested message body with examples
The requested message body in web communication is the content
sent from a client (usually a web browser) to a server as part of an
HTTP request. It typically occurs in POST requests where data is
submitted to the server. Examples include:
• A user submitting a registration form on a website, sending their
username, email, and password to the server.
• Uploading an image to a social media platform by including the
image file in the message body of the POST request.
explain the query process in web IR with an example
In web information retrieval, the query process involves sending a
user's search terms to a search engine, which retrieves relevant web
pages. Example: If a user searches for "best hiking trails," the search
engine analyzes the query and retrieves web pages containing
information about popular hiking trails, presenting them in search
results.
what is CSS? Write the feature of CSS
CSS is a stylesheet language used to define the visual presentation of
HTML and XML documents. Its features include:
• Separation of Style: Allows separation of content (HTML) and
presentation (CSS).
• Selective Styling: Enables targeting specific elements for styling,
improving design flexibility.
• Cascading: Supports a hierarchy of styles, allowing inheritance and
overwriting of properties.
• Responsive Design: Enables the creation of responsive layouts for
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different screen sizes.
• External Stylesheets: Allows styles to be defined in separate files,
promoting reusability.
what is angular JS framework? explain its features
AngularJS is a JavaScript framework for building dynamic web
applications. Its features include:
• Two-Way Data Binding: Automatic synchronization between data
and UI elements.
• Dependency Injection: Efficient management of components and
their dependencies.
• Directives: Custom HTML elements and attributes for creating
reusable components.
• MVC Architecture: Helps in structuring applications by separating
concerns.
• Testing: Supports unit testing and e2e (end-to-end) testing for
application quality.
explain the different approaches in contextual retrieval
Contextual retrieval involves considering the context surrounding a
user's query to enhance relevance. Different approaches include:
• Query Expansion: Adding related terms to the original query to
capture more relevant results.
• Relevance Feedback: Using user feedback to refine search results
over iterations.
• User Profiling: Analyzing user behavior to tailor search results to
their preferences.
• Temporal Context: Considering the time when the query was
made to prioritize recent information.
• Spatial Context: Incorporating location information to provide
geographically relevant results.
• Social Context: Utilizing social connections to influence search
results based on friends' activities.
answer the following question in 8marks
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explain the Internet protocol stack
The Internet Protocol stack, also known as the TCP/IP stack, is a set of
networking protocols that enable communication between devices
over the internet. It's organized into layers, each responsible for
specific tasks:
• Physical Layer: Deals with the physical connection between
devices and the transmission of raw bits.
• Data Link Layer: Handles framing, addressing, and error detection
at the link level.
• Network Layer: Manages routing and logical addressing, as well
as breaking data into packets.
• Transport Layer: Ensures reliable data delivery and error
correction. Common protocols include TCP and UDP.
• Application Layer: Provides application-level services for end-
users, including protocols like HTTP, SMTP, and FTP.
what is web service? explain how it works.
A web service is a software component that exposes specific
functionalities over the internet using standardized protocols,
primarily HTTP. It allows different applications to communicate and
exchange data irrespective of their underlying technologies. Web
services work based on these principles:
• Publish: The provider publishes the service on the web.
• Discover: Potential users discover the service using protocols like
UDDI or through documentation.
• Bind: Users access the service using its description (usually in
WSDL format) and interact with it.
• Use: The user's application sends requests to the service, which
processes them and returns responses, often in XML or JSON
format.
explain the application tools and technologies in Web 2.0
Web 2.0 introduced a range of interactive and collaborative tools and
technologies for user-generated content. Examples include:
• Blogs: Platforms like WordPress enabled easy content creation
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Blogs: Platforms like WordPress enabled easy content creation
and sharing.
• Wikis: Wikipedia and other wikis allowed collaborative content
editing.
• Social Media: Networks like Facebook, Twitter, and LinkedIn
facilitated social interactions.
• RSS Feeds: Subscriptions to website updates using Really Simple
Syndication.
• Rich Internet Applications (RIAs): Applications with enhanced
interactivity, often using AJAX.
explain client slide scripting and server-side scripting in detail with an
example
• Client-Side Scripting: Scripts executed in the user's browser to
enhance interactivity. Common languages include JavaScript.
Example: A form validation script that checks if a user's email
address is correctly formatted before submission.
• Server-Side Scripting: Scripts executed on the web server to
generate dynamic content before sending it to the user's browser.
Common languages include PHP, Python, and Ruby. Example: A
server-side script that retrieves user-specific data from a database
and generates a personalized webpage.
explain control structures in PHP
Control structures in PHP determine the flow of execution based on
conditions and loops:
• Conditional Statements: if , else , elseif , switch - Execute
different code blocks based on conditions.
• Loops: for , while , do-while , foreach - Repeat code blocks
until conditions are met.
• Branching: break , continue - Control loop behavior by breaking
or skipping iterations.
• Error Handling: try , catch , throw - Manage errors and
exceptions in code execution.
explain the categories of non-relational or no SQL databases
NoSQL databases are categorized based on their data models:
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NoSQL databases are categorized based on their data models:
• Document Stores: Store data as JSON-like documents. Example:
MongoDB.
• Key-Value Stores: Store data in key-value pairs. Example: Redis.
• Column-Family Stores: Store data in column families, similar to
tables. Example: Apache Cassandra.
• Graph Databases: Store data as nodes and relationships. Example:
Neo4j.
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