INDIAN PHILOSOPHY― BULLET POINTS NOTES

1. Rajsauya Yagna is performed ― To make a king more powerful.

2. Brahman is nirguna― Shankaracharya.
3. In which veda Rta appears most frequently― Rigveda.
4. Hota in Vedic sacrifice is ― The main priest of Rigveda.
5. The imposition of an object upon another due to illusion is known as―
Anyathakhyativada.
6. Samhita-Brahaman-Arankyak-upanisad.

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 7. What is upanishadic view of mukti?―Knowledge of Atman.
8. The word 'rta' is derived from the root 'ऋ,' which means dynamism, vibrancy,
seasoning, and a sense of belonging.
9. Brahmacharya is the means to meet― Rishi Rna.
10. Who among the following― holds that The karana- samagri of jyana is also the karana -
samagri of its validit? Kumaril Bhat.
11. Ṛṇatraya literally means 'three debts'. The idea of ṛṇatraya, the three debts under
which every human being is born, has been referred in the Rgveda. However it is more
explicit in other Vedic literature like the Taittiriya Samhitā and the Satapatha Brāhmana.
12. Which upanishad calls GOD as Tajjalan― Chandogyaupanisd.
13. To Advaitins, Atman-knowledge is the state of full awareness, liberation, and freedom
that overcomes dualities at all levels, realizing the divine within oneself, the divine in
others, and in all living beings; the non-dual oneness, that God is in everything, and
everything is God.

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 14. In Hindu philosophy, turiya (Sanskrit: तुरीय, meaning "the fourth") or chaturiya,

chaturtha, is pure consciousness. Turiya is the background that underlies and

pervades the three common states of consciousness. The three common states of
consciousness are: waking state, dreaming state, and dreamless deep sleep.
15. Correct Code : Mūla-avidyā and Tūla-avidyā.
16. One avidyā is called mūlā from the standpoint of the total, and tūlā from the standpoint of
an individual object. It can be temporarily resolved by the knowledge of the object it
covers, but avidyā is truly destroyed only by brahma-jñāna.
17. मूलविद्या का शावददक अथथ है 'सािथभौवमक या आददम अज्ञान या अज्ञान'।

18. अद्वैत िेदाांत के कु छ विद्यालय अविद्या या अविद्या को दो प्रकारों में िगीकृ त करते हैं:

19(i) मूल - अविद्या - सािथभौवमक या आददम अज्ञान। यह सांसार का भौवतक कारण है।

19. (ii) तुला-अविद्या - व्यविगत अज्ञान। यह अविद्या है जो शरीर की तरह विशेष िस्तुओं द्वारा पररचावलत चेतना
को किर करती है।

19.(iii) मूल विद्या ब्रह्म में वस्थत है या जीि में, यह एक वििादास्पद बिंदु रहा है। पांचपाददका का वििरण स्कू ल पूिथ
दृविकोण रखता है जिंदक भामती स्कू ल िंाद का है।
19. The havya of yajna results in benefiting― Consumer of the Havya.
20. The enjoyment of fruits of the Karma that not yet has been started is called― Sanchit
Karma.
21. BhagvadGeeta has been considered as the most important work due to (a)Harmonious
philosophy of life, (b)synthesis of action, devotion and knowledge and (c) moral
teaching etc.
22. Who are the keepers of Rta and forgivers of sin? Varuna and Mitra.
23. Which one of the following is an example of ArthaVeda? Saptadipa Vasumati.
24. According to Puranic cosmography, the world is divided into seven concentric island
continents (sapta-dvipa vasumati) separated by the seven encircling oceans, each
double the size of the preceding one (going out from within). The seven continents of
the Puranas are stated as Jambudvipa, Plaksadvipa, Salmalidvipa, Kusadvipa,
Krouncadvipa, Sakadvipa, and Pushkaradvipa.
25. Who is called the Adityas(the sons os Adity?)― Varuna, Mitra, Aryaman and
Bhaga.
26. Aditi prayed for one ideal son. Accordingly, Indra was born. Later, Aditi gave birth to
the twelve adityas, namely Varuna, Parjanya, Mitra, Amsha, Pushan, Dhatri,
Aryaman, Surya, Bhaga, Savitr, Vamana, and Viṣṇu.
27. Jagrat, Swapna, Sushupti, Turiya.
(a) Jagrat― self identifies itself with the objects.
(b) Swapna―Objects have to be framed by the mind independently of the body.
(c) Susupti―The self becomes a mere abstraction as their are no contents at all.
(d) Turiya―The enjoys positive bliss without subject-object duality.

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 ● Those three Vedas—Rig, Yajur, and Sama—were known as the trayi-vidya (―threefold
knowledge‖). A fourth collection of hymns, magic spells, and incantations is known as
the Atharvaveda (―Knowledge of the Fire Priest‖), which includes various local traditions
and remains partly outside the Vedic sacrifice.
● Which one represent a transition from the karma kanda to the jnana kanda―
Aryanyakass.
● Henotheism : the worship of one god : the worship of one god without denying the
existence of other gods. For example, the Moabites worshipped the god Chemosh, the
Edomites, Qaus, both of whom were part of the greater Canaanite pantheon, headed by
the chief god, El. The Canaanite pantheon consisted of El and Asherah as the chief
deities, with 70 sons who were said to rule over each of the nations of the earth.
● The dialogue between prajapati and indra narrated in which book : In a dialogue
between Prajapati and Indra, narrated in the Chhandogya, we find a development of
the concept of the self to the absolute self.
● Pancha Kosha : Derived from the Sanskrit terms pancha, meaning "five" and kosha
meaning "sheath" pancha kosha refers to the concept in yoga philosophy that there are
five layers of awareness through which all experience is filtered.
● Annamaya kosha― Physical
● Pranamaya kosha – Energy.
● Manamaya kosha – Menta.
● Vijnanamaya kosha –Wisdom.
● Anandamaya kosha– Bliss.
● Atman– Self.

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 Panca-Kosa
(Sk. pronounced ―pancha-kosha‖). A Sanskrit term used in the Vedānta philosophy
meaning ―five (pañca) sheaths (kosa),‖ i.e., five vestures through which the Self (ātman)
works. Listed from the most subtle to the most dense, they are:

1. Ānandamaya-kośa, lit. ―bliss-made-sheath‖ or, in theosophical terminology, buddhic

body.

2. vijñānamaya-kośa, or ―intellect-made-sheath,‖ equivalent to theosophy’s causal

body, i.e., higher mind.

3. Manomaya-kośa or ―manas-made-sheath,‖ equivalent to the theosophy’s lower mind

and emotional body, sometimes referred to in early theosophical literature as k€ma-
manas or desire-mind.

4. Prānamaya-kośa or ―prāna-made-sheath,‖ equivalent to theosophy’s etheric double.

5. Annamaya-kosa or ―food-made-sheath,‖ i.e., physical or biological body.

● भूत यज्ञ : सभी प्रावणयों तथा िृक्षों के प्रवत करुणा और कर्त्थव्य समझना उन्हें अन्न-जल देना ही भूत यज्ञ या िैश्वदेि
यज्ञ कहलाता है।

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 ● Bhuta Yajna is feeding the animals, birds insects, wandering outcastes and beings of
the invisible world. Everybody should do it by serving them with food on ground and
drinking water. The sacrifice is the food items and water that are offered. Yes, it is a daily
ritual, being a part of the panch-Mahayajnas.
● Rna means debts, or duties or obligations that we have to perform or repay.
● According to the Vedic and the Upanishadic world-view, each man is bound by some
duties and obligation in life.
● These duties are not just the mere boundations but real modes of social freedom.
● It has been said that, man is said to owe some debts or man is said to perform his duties
towards Gods, men and animals.
● As per our Vedic traditions, no man is to touch his meals without offering parts of it first
to his Gods, fathers, other men and animals.
● This is primarily done to inculcate the virtue of charity and unselfishness amongst people
and to practice harmony within the world.
● These duties are distinguished into five levels, they are;
● Man is said to owe debts to the Gods. It is mentioned in Taitariya Upanishad.
● Man is said to owe debts to the Seers or Rishis.
● Man is said to owe debts to Manes or Ancestors
● Man is said to owe debts to other Men. It is mentioned in text, Sthathapratha
Brahman.
● Man is said to owe debts to those belonging to lower creations, for instance,
animals. It is mentioned in Sthathapratha Brahman.
❖ In short, according to the Vedic and the Upanishadic world-view, life is a round of
fulfilling duties and obligations.
❖ Hence, a man who discharges these owes and fulfils one՚s duties and obligations are
called a virtuous man.
● Sarvam khalvidam brahma? "All is One, One is All". This is the Ultimate Statement
of the sacred Vedas: ―Sarvam Khaluidam Brahma.‖ Consciousness is all there is. All is
One, One is All! It is innate in all living and non-living forms and also the transcendent.
This is the essence of the pristine philosophy of non-duality or Advaita.
● "Sarvam khalvidam brahma" - it is not a mahavakya.
● Correct Sequence: Samhita, Brahaman, Aranyak, Upanishad.
● Heroism and Sovereignty virtues are not consistent with Brahmana Varna.
● "Aham Brahmasmi" ― Brihadaranyakopanishad. (i.e. aham brahmāsmi). 'I am
Brahman' (Bṛhadāraṇaya Upaniṣad 1.4.10)
● "Prajnanam Brahma"– Aitarey Upanishad(Prajnanam Brahma is a Mahāvākya, which
is found in Aitareya Upanishad of Rigveda.)
● "Ayam atma Brahma" – Mandukya. (Ayam Atma Brahma is a Mahāvākya, which is
found in the Mandukya Upanishad of the Atharvaveda.)
● tat tvam asi(तत्त्िमवस)– ChhandogyaUpanishad.(Sanskrit: ―thou art that‖) in Hinduism,
the famous expression of the relationship between the individual and the Absolute. The
statement is frequently repeated in the sixth chapter of the Chandogya Upanishad (c.

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 600 BCE) as the teacher Uddalaka Aruni instructs his son in the nature of brahman, the
supreme reality.
● The Veda are revealed through "Sruti".
● Which pair is called Karma-kanda : Samhita and Brahaman.
● Which pair is called Jnana-Kanda : Aranyak and Upanishad.
● The Priest of the Rigveda is "Hota".
● The Priest of the Yagur Veda is "Adhvaryu".

उपिेद(Up- ऋवविक(Rit देिता(Deit तवि की स्थान(Place)

Veda) wik/Pries y) प्रधानता(prim
Veda t) acy of
element)

RigVeda Ayurveda Hota अवि(Fire) िाक् /शदद/ पृथ्िी(Earth)

िाणी(words)
–V

Yajurveda Dhanurveda Adhvaryu िायू(Air) मन(Mind) – अांतररक्ष(Space)

M

Samaveda Gandharveda Udgata सूय(थ Sun) प्राण(Life) –P द्वय स्थान(due)

Atharvaveda Sthāpatyavea Brahama

(architecture)/
Śilpaśāsastra( (ब्रह्मा)
Silpaveda)/Art
hashastra.

● Who is the custodian of RTA according to Vedas?

● The personified forces of nature first changed into real gods and these later on, became
mere forms of one personal and transcendental God; 'the custodian of the cosmic and
moral order'. They maintain the physical order of the cosmos known as Rta. The law of
which Varuna is the custodian is called the Rta.
● Upanishadis theory of creation says: Ananda is the beginning and the end of the world,
the efficient and the final causes are one, matter has more potential in it than life. Etc.
● Whose ideals resembles with upnishadic theory of creations : Aristotle.
● According to upnishads form and matter are aspects of one reality.
● What type of Satta is ascribable to Brahman : Parmarthika.
● In which Ashram vyavastha, a person leaves for the Jungle in order to pray to God and
practice Yoga? Vanaprastha.

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 ● Rajasuya Yajna is performed to make the king more powerful.
● The several elements are found in the nature of individual.–Taittiriya.
● Fire, water and Earth constitute the jivatma, together with the principle of infinite.–
Chandogya.
● Atman is the ultimate reality.–Katha.
● All birds go towards the tree intended for their abode, so all this goes to the supreme
self.– Prasna.
● RTA corresponds to the universal of Plato.
● The world of experience is the reflection of RTA.
● RTA exists before the manifestation of all phenomena.
● RTA remains unchanged in all the velters of mutation.
● RTA is called father of all.
● Marut come from the after from the seat of the RTA.
● Vishnu is the embryo of the RTA.
● heaven and Earth all by the reason of RTA.

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