Assignment Presentation
Observation
This is a data collection method by which information on a phenomenon is gathered through
observation. The nature of the observation could be accomplished either as a complete observer, an
observer as a participant, a participant as an observer, or as a complete participant. This method is a key
base for formulating a hypothesis.
Pros
Easy to administer.
There subsists a greater accuracy with results.
It is a universally accepted practice.
It diffuses the situation of an unwillingness of respondents to administer a report.
It is appropriate for certain situations.
Cons
Some phenomena aren’t open to observation.
It cannot be relied upon.
Bias may arise.
It is expensive to administer.
Its validity cannot be predicted accurately.
What are the best Data Collection Tools for Observation?
Observation involves the active acquisition of information from a primary source. Observation can also
involve the perception and recording of data via the use of scientific instruments. The best tools for
Observation are:
Checklists - state-specific criteria, allow users to gather information and make judgments about what
they should know in relation to the outcomes. They offer systematic ways of collecting data about
specific behaviors, knowledge, and skills.
Direct observation - This is an observational study method of collecting evaluative information. The
evaluator watches the subject in his or her usual environment without altering that environment.
FOCUS GROUPS
The opposite of quantitative research which involves numerical-based data, this data collection method
focuses more on qualitative research. It falls under the primary category for data based on the feelings
and opinions of the respondents. This research involves asking open-ended questions to a group of
individuals usually ranging from 6-10 people, to provide feedback.
Pros
Information obtained is usually very detailed.
Cost-effective when compared to one-on-one interviews.
It reflects speed and efficiency in the supply of results.
Cons
Lacking depth in covering the nitty-gritty of a subject matter.
Bias might still be evident.
Requires interviewer training
The researcher has very little control over the outcome.
A few vocal voices can drown out the rest.
Difficulty in assembling an all-inclusive group.
What are the best Data Collection Tools for Focus Groups?
A focus group is a data collection method that is tightly facilitated and structured around a set of
questions. The purpose of the meeting is to extract from the participants' detailed responses to these
questions. The best tools for tackling Focus groups are:
Two-Way - One group watches another group answer the questions posed by the moderator. After
listening to what the other group has to offer, the group that listens are able to facilitate more
discussion and could potentially draw different conclusions.
Dueling-Moderator - There are two moderators who play the devil’s advocate. The main positive of the
dueling-moderator focus group is to facilitate new ideas by introducing new ways of thinking and
varying viewpoints.
Combination Research
This method of data collection encompasses the use of innovative methods to enhance participation to
both individuals and groups. Also under the primary category, it is a combination of Interviews and
Focus Groups while collecting qualitative data. This method is key when addressing sensitive subjects
Pros
Encourage participants to give responses.
It stimulates a deeper connection between participants.
The relative anonymity of respondents increases participation.
It improves the richness of the data collected.
Cons
It costs the most out of all
It's the most time-consuming.
Document Analysis as a Qualitative Research Method
Document analysis is a systematic procedure for reviewing or evaluating documents—both printed and
electronic (computer-based and Internet-transmitted) material. Like other analytical methods in
qualitative research, document analysis requires that data be examined and interpreted in order to elicit
meaning, gain understanding, and develop empirical knowledge(Corbin & Strauss, 2008; see also Rapley,
2007).