Survey camp 2082

Shree Mahendra Secondary School

Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

Date Day Working Details

2082-02-31 1 Reconnaissance Survey, Fixing of major and minor stations

Distance Measurement

2082-03-01 2 Horizontal Angle Observation 0f Major and Minor Traverse

2082-03-02 3 Two peg test, Fly Leveling, RL Transfer to Major and Minor
Stations, Computation and Plotting of Traverse

2082-03-03 4 Detail Survey

2082-03-04 5 Detail Survey

2082-03-05 6 Road Alignment Survey

2082-03-06 7 Detail Survey for Road Alignment Survey and Bridge Site Survey

2082-07-07 8 Bridge Site Survey or River Crossing Survey

 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

Scheduled Daily Activities

Time Description Remarks

6:00 AM Arrived at School

6:00 AM -7:00
AM Have breakfast, collect equipment and tools and reached at site

7:00 - 11 AM Field Survey

11:00AM-1:00
PM Lunch Break

1:30 – 6:30PM Field Survey

6:30-7:00PM Store Equipment and tools at specified spot

 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

UNIT 1: Horizontal Control for Major Traverse: (2 Days)

A closed Major Traverse shall be performed at about 1.0 km periphery area with approximately 9 - 12
stations. Coordinates X and Y shall be controlled by Total Station and coordinate Z must be controlled
by Auto Level. Norms:
 One set of horizontal angles (o° set).
 Traverse leg ratio 2:1 (Max: Min)
 Linear measurement accuracy 1:5,000 for Total Station and 1:2,000 for Tape measurement.
 Difference between FL and FR reading =180°±30” for Total Station and 180°±01’ for
Theodolite.
 Angular Accuracy (LC√N) = (45” √N) for Total Station and (1.5’√N) for Theodolite.
 Relative Accuracy Ratio = 1:5,000.

UNIT 2: Horizontal and Vertical Control for Minor Traverse inside/outside the Major Traverse.
(3 Days)
Detailed topographic survey shall be conducted within the perimeter of the semi-built area (about
700 m perimeter). Coordinates (X, Y, and Z) of these traverse stations including details shall be
controlled by using Total Station and Auto level. Link traverse exercise is necessary. Time
Allocation:
 1 Day for fly leveling and RL transfer from Benchmark (BM) to Site Benchmark (SBM) • 1
Days for detailing in minor traverse
 1 Day for computation and plotting of traverse etc.
Norms of Horizontal Control:
 One set of horizontal angles (o° set).
 Traverse leg ratio 3:1 (Max: Min)
 Linear measurement accuracy ≥ 1:5,000 for Total Station and ≥ 1:2,000 for direct Tape
measurement.
 Difference between FL and FR reading =180°±30” for Total Station and 180°±01’ for
Theodolite.
 Angular Accuracy (LC√N) = (1’0”√N) for Total Station and (2’0”√N) for Theodolite. Norms of
Vertical Control:
 Collimation precision of Two Peg Test should be ≥1:10,000.
 The circuit must be closed while transferring RL in Major and Minor Traverse stations.
 Misclosure in all Vertical Control jobs should be within the tolerance of ± 24√K mm, where K=
Loop distance in KM.
UNIT 3: Bridge Site Survey (1.5 Days)
Detailed topographic survey of suitable bridge site area (150m*75m) shall be conducted by
which Topographic map, L- section, X section etc. shall be prepared at standard scale. Use
Theodolite to measure one set of horizontal angles in base triangles and in other control stations.
Use Total Station for Detailing and Auto Level for Vertical control. Norms:
 While choosing control stations of triangulation, Triangles should be in well condition. •
 One set of horizontal angles (0° set) in Base Triangles and in other Triangles.
 Linear measurement accuracy ≥ 1:2,000 for Base line of in Base Triangles. Difference
between FL and FR reading =180°±01’ for Theodolite.
 Angular Accuracy (LC√N) =(1.5’√N) for Base Triangles and for other Triangles.
 In Reciprocal Levelling, mean BS and mean FS must be compatible with mid BS and
mid FS within a tolerance of ±3mm, and Misclosure = ± 24√K mm, where K= Loop
distance in KM (2 x length of Bridge Axis).
 Perform Fly Levelling and close the circuit to transfer RL in all control stations.

UNIT 4: Road Alignment Survey (1.5 Days)

 The length of road alignment survey shall be at least 400m.

 Road corridor plan, L - section, X - section etc. shall be drawn at standard scale
including selection of grades and formation levels etc.
Norms
 As far as possible, select IP in such a way that deflection angles should be < 90°
(desirable).
 Gradient between adjacent Intersection Points (IP to IP) should be ≤ 12%.
 Minimum Radius of the curve should be > 12m; choose the Radius of the curve in the
multiple of 10m or 5m.
 Successive curve must not be overlapped.
 Observe only face left horizontal circle reading by Theodolite and measure deflection
angles at each Intersection Point.
 L - Section and X – Section should be taken at chainage points of 15m interval (multiple
of 15 m) and at BC, MC and EC points.
 In case of deflection angles being <3°, MC need not be established as External Distance
become very small near to Vertex (IP points).
 While transferring RL, TBM should be established after covering a tentative length of
500m, and Level Circuit must be closed; misclosure should be within the tolerance of
±24√K mm, where K= Loop distance in KM.
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

I, ……………………………………………………………………Student of Diploma in Civil Engineering,

2077 Batch, Class Roll No- ……………………………., hereby agree to go for Survey Camp from 2082/02/31

to 2082/03/06 with the full knowledge of my guardians.

1. I'll abide by all the rules & regulations of the survey camp given from time to time during the camp.

2. I'll be coming & go from survey camp on specified camp.

3. I'll be attentive & respectful towards teachers.

4. I'll not engage in any reckless or unsafe behaviors.

5. I'll not drink or use any alcoholic drinks during survey camp time, bus & hotel.

6. I'll not speak any coarse language with each other and teachers.

7. I'll handle the survey equipment’s with great care & precautions. I'll be responsible for any damages &
due to mishandling & carelessness. I'll be paying the cost of repair/buying.

9. I'll respect the learning environments around survey camp area.

10. In case, I breach the discipline during survey camp, I'll agree to expelling from the camp.

Name of Student:
………………………………………………………………………………………………….

Class Roll No.: ……………………………………………………….

Contact No.: …………………………………………………………..

Signature of Student: ………………………………………………………….

Name of Parents/Guardians: ………………………………………………………………………………….

Signature of Parents/Guardians: ……………………………………………………….

Contact No. Parents/Guardians: ……………………………………………………………………….

 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

Linear Measurement
Group: Instrument:
Weather: Recorder:
Traverse Leg Forward Backward Average Discrepancy Precision Remarks
Distance Distance Distance (Error) (1: 5000)
From To
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

Angular Measurement
Group: Instrument:
Weather: Recorder:

Instrument Target Face Horizontal Circle Mean Horizontal Remarks

Station Reading HCR Angle
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082
Two Peg Test

Inst at Sighted to Three wire reading Average Apparent Remarks

Difference
T M B

Mid-Way

Near to
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

Fly Levelling
Group: Instrument:
Weather: Recorder:

Staff Back Sight (m) Mean Staff Fore Sight Mean Staff HI(m) Elevation Total Horizontal Remarks
Station BS Intercept FS Intercept (m) staff distance
Top Middle Bottom Top Middle Bottom
(S1) (S2) intercept (100S)
(S)
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082
Leveling on Stations
Group: Instrument:
Weather: Recorder:

Staff Staff Readings(m) HI (m) Elevation(m) Remarks

station
BS IS FS
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082
Gale’s Table
Group: Instrument:
Weather: Recorder:

Consecutive Correction Corrected Independent

Include Angle

Include angle
Correction
Coordinates Consecutive Coordinates

Remarks
Bearings
Traverse

Correct

Length
Station

Coordinates
Legs

(l)
Departure Latitude Departure Latitude Departure Latitude X Y
D=l𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 L=l𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082
Detailing (Coordinates)
S.N N E Z Remarks
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

The position of the center line on the highway in the ground is called highway alignment. Highway
alignment includes horizontal alignment and vertical alignment. Alignment must be selected in such a way
that the overall cost during construction, operation and maintenance is minimum.

REQUIREMENTS OF HIGHWAY ALIGNMENT: The ideal alignment must have the following requirements:
o Safe (S)
o Easy (E)
o Short (S)
o Economical (E)
o Comfort (C)
Factors Controlling Highway Alignment:

o Government Alignment
As the road project needs a large investment, the government should be clear about the requirement of the
road (when, what, how and why to construct).
o Obligatory Points
Obligatory points determine the highway alignment. They are further divided into positive obligatory points
and negative obligatory points.
Positive Obligatory Points: These are those points through which the alignment should pass.
o Existing Road
o Intermediate Town
o Bridge site/Existing Bridge:
Negative Obligatory Points: These are those points through which the alignment should not pass.
o Valleys, ponds, and marshy land need to be avoided.
o Religious places are linked up with the human sentiment so cannot be destroyed for fixing the road
alignment.
o Costly structures present in the way of alignment should be considered and the road alignment should
be fixed such that it won’t destroy those costly structures as the value of compensation for such
structures will be more.
o Conservation areas and restricted zones.
o Densely populated area.

Geological Condition: Geologically stable hill slope must be considered while selecting the highway
alignment.
Geometric Design: Various factors regarding geometric design as the radius of curve, sight distance,
gradient determines the highway alignment.
Availability of Construction Materials and Labor: The construction works become easier and
economical when the construction materials are near the place of highway alignment.
Economy: The construction, operation, and maintenance work should be economical. So, highway
alignment is selected keeping these things in mind.
Other Considerations: (Drainage, Political Pressure, Monotony)
Special Consideration in Hill Roads:
o Stability: The road should be aligned with the hill side that is stable. Excessive cutting and filling may
effect on their stability.
o Drainage: Adequate drainage facility needs to be provided across the road and the number of cross
drainage structures need to be less during construction.
o Geometric Standards: Geometric design parameters (Gradient and others) also effect on the
construction of roads.
Engineering Survey and its stages:
o Map Study
o Reconnaissance
o Preliminary Survey
o Final Location and Detailed Survey
o Tentative centerline fix as per the obligatory points, gradients and other criteria.
o Details of topographic survey i.e. strip survey
o Survey either 7.5m or 15m or 25 m on either side of centerline

Collect data using format:

S.N N E Elevation(Z) Remarks

BM= Bench mark

GP= Ground points
T= tree
RVC= river center
RVE= river edge
CL = center line
SH/GP
BD = Building corner etc.
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082
Detailing (Coordinates)
S.N N E Z Remarks
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

Linear Measurement
Group: Instrument:
Weather: Recorder:
Traverse Leg Forward Backward Average Discrepancy Precision Remarks
Distance Distance Distance (1: 5000)
From To (Error)
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082
Angular Measurement
Group: Instrument:
Weather: Recorder:

Instrument Target Face Horizontal Circle Reading Mean HCR Horizontal Angle Remarks
Station
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082

Reciprocal Levelling

Inst at Sighted to Three wire reading Average Appearent Remarks

T M B Difference

Near to A

Near to B
 Shree Mahendra Secondary School
Narayan-4, Dailekh
Diploma in Civil Engineering (CTEVT)
Survey Camp 2082
Detailing (Coordinates)
S.N N E Z Remarks