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Understanding TCP/IP and OSI Layers

The document discusses the structure and function of the TCP/IP stack, emphasizing that it begins with the data link layer due to its role in managing data transfer between devices. It clarifies that computers operate across all OSI layers as end devices, while routers function at Layer 3 to route packets based on IP addresses. Additionally, it highlights that TCP connections are not established before a ping and compares load balancers to proxies and routers.

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Raphael
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11 views4 pages

Understanding TCP/IP and OSI Layers

The document discusses the structure and function of the TCP/IP stack, emphasizing that it begins with the data link layer due to its role in managing data transfer between devices. It clarifies that computers operate across all OSI layers as end devices, while routers function at Layer 3 to route packets based on IP addresses. Additionally, it highlights that TCP connections are not established before a ping and compares load balancers to proxies and routers.

Uploaded by

Raphael
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

1) Why TCP/IP stack does start with data link layer rather than physical layer?

2) Why datalink layer? is it OS driver associated with physical hardware?

3) As network layer is primarily concerned with routing IP datagram through the


internet, what happens technically to be identified network layer?

4) Why Is a computer not a layer 3 devices while Logical addressing and Icmp
operates ?

Layer 3 devices (like routers or Layer 3 switches) are specialized network


infrastructure devices whose main job is to route or forward packets between
different networks based on IP addresses.

A computer is an end device — it originates or consumes data but doesn’t forward


packets for other devices.

5) is TCP connexion established before ping?


No ,

6)How Load Balancers Compare to Proxies and Routers?


7) At what layer should a computer lay on?

A computer (or host) actually operates across all 7 layers of the OSI model, but its
primary role is as an end device, not an intermediate forwarding device like a router or
switch.
7) At what layer does router operates?

routers can send and receive bits over Ethernet cables, Wi-Fi, and other physical
media—but let's clarify how and why they do this.

Routers Operate Across Multiple Layers


Just like a computer needs a network card to connect physically, a router also needs
interfaces to:

Receive incoming packets (bits)

Analyze headers at Layer 3

Forward packets to the next hop

Routers can’t route if they can’t physically connect to networks—so yes, they
absolutely do send and receive bits over cables or wireless.

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