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Increasing the Productivity by using Work Study in a Manufacturing Industry -

Literature Review

Article in International Journal of Mechanical and Production Engineering Research and Development · April 2018
DOI: 10.24247/ijmperdapr201841

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International Journal of Mechanical and Production
Engineering Research and Development (IJMPERD)
ISSN (P): 2249-6890; ISSN (E): 2249-8001
Vol. 8, Issue 2, Apr 2018, 369-374
© TJPRC Pvt. Ltd

INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY BY USING WORK STUDY IN A

MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY - LITERATURE REVIEW

SHANTIDEO GUJAR & MANISH R. MOROLIYA

Department of Mechanical Engineering, G. H. Raisoni Academy of Engineering and Technology, Nagpur, India
ABSTRACT

Productivity increase by means of a work study in a manufacturing industry is the area of interest in this
project. The project was conducted live, where in numerous types of tools and techniques were employed to improve the
efficiency and productivity of industry.

In essence, our project deals with small-scale manufacturing industry. This concerned company in the project
manufactures and supplies sheet metal components, including cyclones, electrical panel, stainless steel online
humidification system and its components, and controlling panel. In addition, the company is a vendor of Nail Strip
Jumbo, which is utilized in ginning machines.

This live project applied work study methods to improve the practices in the industry, in addition to ascertaining and

Original Article
rectifying problems associated with the production process. The employment of such techniques improved production by
reducing production time and processes involved, as well as an increase in the production rate. This project highlights
the advantages of adopting such an efficient process.

KEYWORDS: Production Time, Productivity, Work Study, Work Measurement & Fatigue

Received: Jan 01, 2018; Accepted: Jan 22, 2018; Published: Mar 03, 2018; Paper Id.: IJMPERDAPR201841

INTRODUCTION

The concerned company in the project manufactures and supplies sheet metal components. In addition,
the company is a vendor of Nail Strip Jumbo, which is utilized in ginning machines. An increase in demand must
be complemented by the capability to increase productivity.

The production department was identified to have certain work processes that could be made reductant, as
these steps consumed extra time and extra effort, in addition to increasing the cost of its product. Moreover, these
processes resulted in workers’ fatigue, which proved as a damper to improvement of productivity.

One of the most powerful tools to eliminate unwanted processes and improve productivity is WORK
STUDY. The study examined the problems associated with production from the point of a work study. Doing so
would help to lower the production time and decrease unwanted fatigue.

LITERATURE REVIEW

The tools and techniques employed in steel foundry industry vary in literature. In addition, literature
provides little information regarding the implementation of end solutions in industry. This study also provides
details regarding the methods to implement those tools in research work, while providing particulars about related

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370 Shantideo Gujar & Manish R. Moroliya

research in literature.

Mayank Dev Singh conducts research “To Improve Productivity by Using Work Study & Design a Fixture in
Small Scale Industry". Furthermore, he uses the Pro-E model software for model testing and developing a new model.

Mihir B Patel and Prof. Dr. Hemant R. Thakkar have worked on “Reducing Manufacturing Cycle Time of Milk
Tanks by Work Study Technique in Small Scale Fabrication Industry.”Work study techniques are expensive to implement
in small-scale industries. However, this method gives better results than any other technique. These techniques not only
help reduce the cycle time, but also have proved useful in numerous other departments in industry such as inventory
control, productivity, quality, labor work, and at various machines in a machine shop to develop process variation.

Rishabh Mishra explored “Productivity Improvement in Automobile Industry by Using Method Study.”
He established improvements on the basis of the method study, work procedure, and proper utilization of machine and
material. His study advanced the prevailing process by reducing transportation and worker’s fatigue.

Dr. M. P. Singh worked on “Improvement in Process Industries by Using Work Study Methods: A Case Study.”
His study was concerned with the battery manufacturing plant. He observed that the battery plant was not using optimum
layout, which had potential for improvement. Various layout and method study tools were applied and flow process charts,
flow diagrams and existing layouts were prepared. Novel technologies were applied to lessen production cost, process
time, cost, and energy consumption.

Prathamesh P. Kulkarni researched on “Productivity Improvement through Lean Deployment and Work Study
Methods.” He concluded that critical lean tools when effectively combined with Work Study Methods could form a unique
leaner system, which will provide a universal solution for any type of industry having any sort of problem regarding
productivity.

Ravikumar Kamble investigated “Productivity Improvement at Assembly Station Using Work Study Techniques.”
The unwanted motion involved in the operation of assembly has been substantially reduced by designing assembly table,
fasteners tray, and design of proper work place layout.

Work Study

Work study employs both method study and work measurement to comprehend the overall human work potential
in terms of time spent on completing a task. These procedures help to identify ways to make the task simpler and easy,
which consequently increase productivity and efficiency. Work study is field helps to improve job performance, optimum
usage of plant and machinery, standardization of work methods, etc. Therefore, the following are the objectives of work
study:

• Scientific and controlled analysis of available methods for executing a task.

• Measuring performance of the qualified workers, both mentally and physically, which help in establishing
standards for performance measurement.

• Optimum utilization of workers, plant, machinery, and other resources at minimum cost.

• Improved productivity and enhanced worker mood.

• Increasing adeptness of the organization.

Impact Factor (JCC): 6.8765 NAAS Rating: 3.11

Increasing the Productivity by using Work Study in a Manufacturing 371
Industry- Literature Review

For an organization, productivity can be increased over a period of time if workers are efficient and are focused.
Therefore, the following are the advantages of work study:

• Increase in production efficiency.

• Higher levels of production and optimum utilization of resources.

• Efficient flow of material and products.

• Efficient handling of material and better layout.

• Decreased cost of production, because time spent on the job is decreased.

• Increased morale of workers with an increase in safety and efficiency.

• Benchmark and standard performance levels are established, thus providing targets for organization.

• Better job satisfaction and incentive planning due to work study.

Method Study

It is a scientific process for enhancing the job design. It analyzes the existing procedures and proposes job
processes for improved efficiency. In addition, the method helps to identify appropriate areas that need improvement for
efficient and cost-effective operations. Therefore, the following are the objectives of the method study:

• To study existing work process and propose improved methodologies.

• To identify new methods for increased production and reduction of cost.

• To achieve optimum utilization of resources.

Method study guarantees an increase in overall productivity and profitability to the organization. Method study
involves following procedures:

• Selection of work to be studied.

• Recording the present method.

• Critical examination of the facts.

• Development of the most practical, economic, and effective method.

• Installation of new method.

• Maintenance of new method and checking of its practices.

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372 Shantideo Gujar & Manish R. Moroliya

Figure: Work Study

Study procedure. Seven fundamental steps as follows are involved:

• Select the work to be studied.

• Record all the relevant facts regarding the present method.

• Examine the facts critically and arrange in sequence using procedures best suited for the purpose.

• Develop the most practical, economic, and effective Method, having due regard to all contingent circumstances.

• Define the new method so that it can always be identified.

• Install the method as standard practice.

• Maintain regular routine checks.

Problem Statement

• One robotic welding machine was in use for two working tables but remained idle during the loading process.
This causes an upsurge in cycle time and reduces productivity.

• The design for jig was poor.

• Worker had unwanted fatigue because of loading or placing nails in the hole of strip and adjusting nails in the
right position. This also affected productivity.

Objectives

• To reduced machine idle time.

• To increase productivity.

• To reduce worker’s fatigue.

• To redesign jig.

• To establish the standard performance methods and standard cycle time involved.

Impact Factor (JCC): 6.8765 NAAS Rating: 3.11

Increasing the Productivity by using Work Study in a Manufacturing 373
Industry- Literature Review

• To optimally use equipment and manpower.

To eliminate wasteful efforts, as well as useless handling material

Methodology

The fundamental steps of this procedure are as follows:-

• Select: Observe and identify which process or job or workstation has ineffective time management. Or else,
identify the workstation machine with significant idle time.

• Information collection and recording:-

• Observation

• Discussion

Recording Techniques

• Process Charts : multiple activity chart or flow chart

• Diagrams: Flow diagram

• Stopwatch

• Video Recorder

• Examine: Questioning technique is employed. Determine the true reasons underlying each event, and make a
systematic list for all avenues of possible improvement.

• Develop: Development involves the analysis of the following three phases.

• Evaluation.

• Investigations.

• Selections.

• Measure: The amount of work involved and standard time required to do that particular work are estimated.

• Define: New techniques and standard time for procedures are defined.

• Install: The suggested new methods and standard time are put into operation.

• Maintain: The implementation of these processes must be verified at regular intervals.

Examine the new implemented method and collect information regarding the same

CONCLUSION

The employment of new tools and techniques associated with work study and method study will reduce the
machine idle time, increase the productivity and reduce workers fatigue. The design of new jig and fixture will reduce the
losses and bending of nails which will improve the quality and reduce the production cycle time. The study examined the
problems associated with production from the point of a work study.

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 374 Shantideo Gujar & Manish R. Moroliya

REFERENCES

1. Mayank Dev Singh, Shah Saurabh K, Patel Sachin B, Patel Rahul, “To improve productivity by using work study and design a
fixture in small scale industry”, International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research in Mechanical Engineering 2319
– 3182, Volume-1, Issue- 2, 2012.

2. Mihir B Patel, Prof. Dr. Hemant R. Thakkar, they work on “Reducing Manufacturing Cycle Time of Milk Tanks by Work Study
Technique in Small Scale Fabrication Industry.” (DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET. 2015. 0412163).

3. Rishabh Mishra research on “Productivity Improvement In Automobile Industry By Using Method Study” (IJSEAS) - volume-
1, issue-4, July 2015ISSN: 2395-3470).

4. Dr. M. P. Singh, research on “Improvement in Process Industries by Using Work Study Methods: A Case Study” (Volume 7,
Issue 3, May–June 2016, pp.426–436, Article ID: IJMET_07_03_038).

5. Prathamesh P. Kulkarni research on “Productivity Improvement Through Lean Deployment & Work Study Methods”
(Volume: 03 Issue: 02 Feb-2014 eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308).

6. ILO Work study.

Impact Factor (JCC): 6.8765 NAAS Rating: 3.11

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