Fluids Dynamics
Viscosity
1. What is viscosity?
A) Resistance to flow
B) Density of a fluid
C) Pressure in a fluid
D) Temperature of a fluid
Answer: A
2. Which of the following fluids has the highest viscosity?
A) Water
B) Honey
C) Air
D) Alcohol
Answer: B
3. The unit of dynamic viscosity in the SI system is:
A) Pascal
B) Newton
C) Poise
D) Pascal-second
Answer: D
4. Which of the following factors does NOT affect viscosity?
A) Temperature
B) Pressure
C) Density
D) Chemical composition
Answer: C
5. In which type of fluid does viscosity decrease with an increase in temperature?
A) Gases
B) Non-Newtonian fluids
C) Newtonian fluids
D) All fluids
Answer: C
Terminal Velocity
6. Terminal velocity is reached when:
A) Gravitational force equals buoyant force
B) Drag force equals gravitational force
C) Pressure equals atmospheric pressure
D) Velocity is zero
Answer: B
7. The terminal velocity of a falling object depends on:
A) Shape and size of the object
B) Density of the fluid
C) Acceleration due to gravity
D) All of the above
Answer: D
8. Which of the following factors increases terminal velocity?
A) Increased drag coefficient
B) Decreased fluid density
C) Increased mass of the object
D) Increased cross-sectional area
Answer: C
9. An object falls through a fluid and reaches a constant speed. This speed is called:
A) Acceleration
B) Terminal velocity
C) Critical velocity
D) Average velocity
Answer: B
10. Which of the following scenarios would result in the highest terminal velocity?
A) A feather in air
B) A raindrop in air
C) A marble in water
D) A lead ball in water
Answer: D
Bernoulli's Equation
11. Bernoulli's equation relates the pressure, velocity, and height of a fluid in motion.
Which of the following is NOT a term in Bernoulli's equation?
A) Kinetic energy per unit volume
B) Potential energy per unit volume
C) Thermal energy per unit volume
D) Pressure energy per unit volume
Answer: C
12. In Bernoulli's equation, an increase in the speed of a fluid results in:
A) Increase in pressure
B) Decrease in pressure
C) No change in pressure
D) Increase in temperature
Answer: B
13. Bernoulli's principle is derived from the law of:
A) Conservation of mass
B) Conservation of energy
C) Conservation of momentum
D) Conservation of charge
Answer: B
14. In a horizontal flow of an incompressible fluid, Bernoulli's equation states that:
A) Pressure increases with velocity
B) Total energy remains constant
C) Velocity is constant
D) Pressure decreases with height
Answer: B
15. Which of the following applications uses Bernoulli's principle?
A) Airplane wings
B) Hydraulic lifts
C) Water pumps
D) All of the above
Answer: A
Equation of Continuity
16. The equation of continuity is based on the principle of:
A) Conservation of mass
B) Conservation of energy
C) Conservation of momentum
D) Conservation of charge
Answer: A
17. In a pipe with varying diameter, if the velocity of fluid increases, the cross-sectional
area must:
A) Increase
B) Decrease
C) Remain constant
D) Change randomly
Answer: B
18. The equation of continuity for an incompressible fluid can be expressed as:
A) A₁v₁ = A₂v₂
B) P₁ + 0.5ρv₁² + ρgh₁ = P₂ + 0.5ρv₂² + ρgh₂
C) F = ma
D) Q = AV
Answer: A
19. If the area of a pipe is halved, what happens to the velocity of the fluid?
A) It doubles
B) It halves
C) It remains the same
D) It quadruples
Answer: A
20. The continuity equation is applicable to:
A) Only gases
B) Only liquids
C) Both gases and liquids
D) Only incompressible fluids
Answer: C
Fluid Flow
21. Which type of flow is characterized by smooth and orderly fluid motion?
A) Turbulent flow
B) Laminar flow
C) Transitional flow
D) Viscous flow
Answer: B
22. Reynolds number is a dimensionless quantity used to predict:
A) Pressure drop
B) Flow regime (laminar or turbulent)
C) Viscosity
D) Density
Answer: B
23. In turbulent flow, which of the following is true?
A) Streamlines are parallel
B) Flow is steady
C) Flow is chaotic
D) Viscosity is negligible
Answer: C
24. What is the primary factor that distinguishes laminar flow from turbulent flow?
A) Velocity
B) Density
C) Viscosity
D) Reynolds number
Answer: D
25. The flow rate of a fluid can be calculated as:
A) Q = A × v
B) Q = v / A
C) Q = A + v
D) Q = A - v
Answer: A
Applications of Bernoulli's Equation
26. Which of the following is an application of Bernoulli's principle in engineering?
A) Design of airplanes
B) Design of bridges
C) Design of tunnels
D) Design of dams
Answer: A
27. In a venturi meter, Bernoulli's principle is used to measure:
A) Pressure
B) Flow rate
C) Temperature
D) Viscosity
Answer: B
28. An increase in speed in a fluid flow can lead to:
A) An increase in pressure
B) A decrease in pressure
C) No change in pressure
D) An increase in temperature
Answer: B
29. Which device uses Bernoulli's principle to create lift?
A) Propeller
B) Airfoil
C) Turbine
D) Pump
Answer: B
30. Bernoulli's principle helps explain how:
A) Water flows uphill
B) Airplanes fly
C) Water boils
D) Oil is refined
Answer: B
Blood Flow
31. Blood flow in the circulatory system is considered:
A) Laminar flow
B) Turbulent flow
C) Steady flow
D) Pulsatile flow
Answer: D
32. The primary factor affecting blood viscosity is:
A) Temperature
B) Hematocrit level
C) Blood pressure
D) Blood vessel diameter
Answer: B
33. The equation of continuity in blood flow can be applied to:
A) Only arteries
B) Only veins
C) All blood vessels
D) Only capillaries
Answer: C
34. In blood flow, an increase in vessel diameter results in:
A) Decreased flow rate
B) Increased flow rate
C) No change in flow rate
D) Increased pressure
Answer: B
35. Which of the following conditions can lead to turbulent blood flow?
A) High viscosity
B) Low velocity
C) Narrow vessels
D) High flow rates
Answer: D
36. Which principle explains the lift generated by an airplane wing?
A) Pascal's principle
B) Archimedes' principle
C) Bernoulli's principle
D) Newton's law
Answer: C
37. What happens to the pressure of a fluid when it flows through a constriction?
A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Stays the same
D) Fluctuates
Answer: B
38. The flow of fluids can be described by which of the following equations?
A) Navier-Stokes equations
B) Maxwell's equations
C) Schrödinger equation
D) Einstein's field equations
Answer: A
39. Which of the following describes the flow of a fluid with constant density and
viscosity?
A) Compressible flow
B) Incompressible flow
C) Viscous flow
D) Non-viscous flow
Answer: B
40. The heart's pumping action creates which type of fluid flow?
A) Steady flow
B) Pulsatile flow
C) Laminar flow
D) Turbulent flow
Answer: B
41. Which of the following best describes the relationship between pressure and velocity
in fluid flow?
A) They are directly proportional
B) They are inversely proportional
C) They are independent
D) They are equal
Answer: B
42. In a fluid flowing through a pipe, the viscosity affects:
A) Flow rate
B) Pressure drop
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer: C
43. The effect of gravity on fluid flow is described by:
A) Bernoulli's equation
B) Pascal's law
C) Continuity equation
D) Archimedes' principle
Answer: A
44. Which of the following can be used to visualize the flow of a fluid?
A) Streamlines
B) Vortex lines
C) Pathlines
D) All of the above
Answer: D
45. In blood flow, which factor primarily determines the resistance to flow?
A) Vessel length
B) Vessel diameter
C) Blood viscosity
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Conceptual Questions
46. The principle of conservation of energy in fluid dynamics is represented by:
A) Bernoulli's equation
B) Continuity equation
C) Navier-Stokes equations
D) Poiseuille's law
Answer: A
47. The term "hydraulic radius" is used in the context of:
A) Viscosity
B) Flow rate
C) Open channel flow
D) Blood flow
Answer: C
48. Which of the following factors does NOT influence the flow rate in a pipe?
A) Pipe diameter
B) Fluid density
C) Fluid temperature
D) Length of the pipe
Answer: C
49. In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a point depends on:
A) Height of the fluid column above it
B) Density of the fluid
C) Both A and B
D) None of the above
Answer: C
50. Which of the following statements is true regarding fluid flow?
A) Fluid flow is always laminar.
B) Fluid flow is always turbulent.
C) Fluid flow can be either laminar or turbulent depending on conditions.
D) Fluid flow does not exist in nature.
Answer: C
51. What is the SI unit of dynamic viscosity?
a) Poise
b) Stokes
c) Pascal-second (Pa·s)
d) Newton-second
Ans.c
52. The viscosity of a fluid is a measure of its:
a) Density
b) Resistance to flow
c) Compressibility
d) Buoyancy
Ans.b
53. Which of the following fluids has the highest viscosity?
a) Water
b) Air
c) Honey
d) Gasoline
Ans.c
54. As temperature increases, the viscosity of a liquid:
a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Remains constant
d) First increases then decreases
Ans.a
55. The viscosity of an ideal fluid is:
a) Very high
b) Zero
c) Variable
d) Infinite
Ans.b
56. Terminal velocity is achieved when:
a) The object is at rest
b) Drag force equals gravitational force
c) The fluid has zero viscosity
d) The object accelerates indefinitely
Ans.b
57. Which factor does NOT affect terminal velocity?
a) Mass of the object
b) Viscosity of the fluid
c) Color of the object
d) Cross-sectional area
Ans. c
58. A raindrop reaches terminal velocity when:
a) It stops accelerating
b) Weight = Drag force + Buoyant force
c) It hits the ground
d) Air resistance becomes negligible
Ans.b
59. If two objects of the same size but different masses fall in a viscous medium, the one
with higher mass will have a:
a) Lower terminal velocity
b) Higher terminal velocity
c) Same terminal velocity
d) Unpredictable terminal velocity
Ans.b
60. Stokes' law applies to:
a) Turbulent flow
b) Laminar flow around spherical objects
c) Compressible fluids
d) Supersonic flow
Ans.b
61. Bernoulli's equation is derived from the conservation of:
a) Mass
b) Energy
c) Momentum
d) Charge
Ans.b
62. Bernoulli's equation is valid for:
a) Steady, incompressible, and irrotational flow
b) Turbulent and compressible flow
c) Only gases
d) Only liquids
Ans.a
63. In Bernoulli's equation, the term 1/2ρv2 represents:
a) Dynamic pressure
b) Static pressure
c) Hydrostatic pressure
d) Total pressure
Ans.a
64. When fluid speed increases, pressure:
a) Decreases
b) Increases
c) Remains constant
d) Becomes zero
Ans.a
65. Bernoulli's equation does NOT apply to:
a) Water flowing in a pipe
b) Honey dripping slowly (high viscosity effects)
c) Airflow over an airplane wing
d) Blood flow in arteries
Ans.b
66. The equation of continuity is based on the principle of conservation of:
a) Energy
b) Mass
c) Momentum
d) Pressure
Ans.b
67. If the cross-sectional area of a pipe decreases, the fluid speed:
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains the same
d) Becomes zero
Ans.a
68. The equation A1v1=A2v2 assumes:
a) Incompressible flow
b) Compressible flow
c) Viscous flow
d) Turbulent flow
Ans.a
69. In a nozzle, the fluid velocity increases because:
a) Pressure increases
b) Area decreases
c) Density increases
d) Temperature decreases
Ans.b
70. Blood flow in arteries follows the continuity equation because blood is nearly:
a) Incompressible
b) Highly viscous
c) Compressible
d) Turbulent
Ans.a
71. Laminar flow is characterized by:
a) Smooth, orderly layers
b) Chaotic motion
c) High Reynolds number
d) Eddy currents
Ans.a
72. Turbulent flow occurs at:
a) Low velocities
b) High Reynolds numbers
c) Zero viscosity
d) Low pressure
Ans.b
73. An airplane wing generates lift due to:
a) Higher speed (lower pressure) on top
b) Higher pressure on top
c) Gravity
d) Viscosity
Ans.a
74. A Venturi meter measures fluid speed using:
a) Pressure difference
b) Temperature change
c) Viscosity
d) Density
Ans.a
75. In a carburetor, fuel mixes with air due to:
a) Low pressure in the throat (Bernoulli's effect)
b) High pressure in the throat
c) Gravity
d) Magnetic forces
Ans.a
76. A spinning ball curves in flight due to:
a) Magnus effect (Bernoulli + rotation)
b) Gravity
c) Centripetal force
d) Buoyancy
Ans.a
77. The atomizer works on the principle of:
a) Bernoulli's equation
b) Pascal's law
c) Archimedes' principle
d) Hooke's law
Ans.a
78. Blood flow in arteries is generally:
a) Pulsatile (due to heartbeats)
b) Constant
c) Turbulent only
d) Compressible
Ans.a
79. Hypertension (high blood pressure) can lead to:
a) Increased risk of arterial damage
b) Decreased flow resistance
c) Lower viscosity
d) Laminar flow only
Ans.a
80. The drag force on a falling sphere depends on:
a) Viscosity, velocity, and radius
b) Only density
c) Only temperature
d) Only gravity
Ans.a
81. The pressure difference in a horizontal pipe is due to:
a) Viscous drag
b) Gravity
c) Buoyancy
d) Surface tension
Ans.a
82. The hydraulic lift is an application of:
a) Pascal's law
b) Bernoulli's equation
c) Continuity equation
d) Stokes' law
83. The shape of a raindrop is spherical due to:
a) Surface tension
b) Viscosity
c) Gravity
d) Air resistance
Ans,a
84. The critical velocity for turbulence depends on:
a) Viscosity and diameter
b) Only density
c) Only temperature
d) Only gravity
Ans.a
85. A manometer measures:
a) Pressure difference
b) Velocity
c) Viscosity
d) Density
Ans.a
86. The hydraulic diameter is used in:
a) Non-circular pipes
b) Only ideal fluids
c) Only gases
d) Only liquids
Ans.a
87. The velocity profile in laminar flow is:
a) Parabolic
b) Linear
c) Flat
d) Random
Ans.a
88. The viscosity of blood is primarily due to:
a) Plasma and red blood cells
b) Only water content
c) Only proteins
d) Only white blood cells
Ans.a
89. Bernoulli's equation ignores:
a) Viscosity and compressibility
b) Gravity
c) Pressure
d) Velocity
Ans.a
90. The speed of efflux from a tank is given by:
a) Torricelli's theorem
b) Poiseuille's law
c) Stokes' law
d) Pascal's law
Ans.a
91. The primary driving force for blood circulation is:
a) The heart (pressure pump)
b) Gravity
c) Diffusion
d) Osmosis
Ans.a