Perpendicular Forces in Vectors
Perpendicular Forces in Vectors
1. Which of the following statements is false: 6. If A = iˆ + 0.2 ˆj + 0.8kˆ is a unit vector, then find the
(1) Mass, speed and energy are scalars value of
(2) Momentum, force and torque are vectors
(3) Distance is a scalar while displacement is a 7. If A = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ then find it’s unit vector?
vector
(4) A vector has only magnitude whereas a scalar 8. If A = iˆ + 2 ˆj + 2kˆ and B = iˆ + 6 ˆj + 6kˆ are parallel
has both magnitude and direction vectors then find the value of ?
14. If A + B = A − B then which of the following 21. If resultant of two vectors makes 30° and 60° with
these vectors and has a magnitude of 40 units, then
option will be correct? find magnitude of these vectors?
(1) Magnitude of A may be zero.
(4) 10 2 N
16. If difference of two unit vector is also a unit vector
then angle between these two vector will be
23. If Aˆ − Bˆ = 2 then calculate the value of
(1) 0 (2)
6 Aˆ + 3Bˆ ?
2 (1) 1 (2) 2
(3) (4)
3 3
(3) 2 (4) 3
25. Find the resultant of three vectors and shown in the 27. Which of the following option is correct for given
following figure. Radius of the circle is R. figure?
(3) C = A + B (4) A + B + C = 0
(1) 2R (
(2) R 1 + 2 ) 28. Number of vectors of zero resultant
(i) Minimum number of non-zero forces required
(3) R 2 (4) R ( )
2 −1 for zero resultant?
(ii) Minimum number of non-zero unequal forces
required for zero resultant?
26. A set of vectors taken in a given order gives a closed
(iii) Minimum number of non-coplanar forces
polygon. Then the resultant of these vectors is a
required for zero resultant?
(1) scalar quantity (2) pseudo vector
(3) unit vector (4) null vector
4
ANSWER KEY
5. (3) 21. #
6. = 0.32 22. ()
23. ()
2iˆ + 3 ˆj + kˆ
7. A=
14 24. ()
8. =3 25. ()
3 26. (4)
9. C= (2iˆ − kˆ)
5 27. (4)
10. (3) 28. (i) 2
11. (1)
(ii) 3
12. (3) (iii) 4
13. (1)
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1. Check which of the following is a unit vector: 6. Following vector are given:
1 ˆ 1 ˆ Then write it in vector form
(1) A= i+ j
3 3
(2) B = sin iˆ − cos ˆj
iˆ ˆj kˆ
(3) C = − +
3 3 3
(4) D = 0.8iˆ − 0.6 ˆj
3 4 7. Following vector are given:
(5) E = iˆ + ˆj Then write it in vector form
5 5
A = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj
B = −3iˆ + 4 ˆj − 5kˆ
10. Draw given vector in graphical representation:
C = 2iˆ + 3 ˆj − kˆ Object is moving with velocity 60 m/s at 60° South
of west
D = iˆ + ˆj − 2kˆ
2
11. Draw given vector in graphical representation: 18. A vector V has a magnitude of 1 and makes equal
30 N force at 53° North of West angles with x, y and z axes. What is each
component?
12. Draw given vector in graphical representation: 1 1
(1) (2)
Force 40 N 53° South of East 3 3
1
13. A null vector is defined as a vector having: (3) 1 (4)
2
(1) Zero Direction
(2) Zero magnitude and undefined direction 19. A person walks 1 m east, then 1 m north. What is
(3) Maximum magnitude and fixed direction the unit vector in the direction of net displacement?
1 ˆ ˆ
(4) Zero magnitude and fixed direction (1)
2
i+j ( ) (2)
1 ˆ ˆ
2
(
i+ j )
15. If A + B = 0 , what is the value of A + B ? 21. Assertion (A): The sum of two unit vectors can
never be a unit vector.
(1) 0 (2) A+ B
Reason (R): The magnitude of the sum of two unit
(3) 2 A (4) A− B vectors is always greater than 1.
(1) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct
16. Which of the following sets of components gives a explanation of A.
vector of zero magnitude? (2) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct
(1) (0, 0) (2) (3, –3) explanation of A.
(3) (1, –1) (4) (2, 2) (3) A is false, but R is true.
(4) Both A and R are false.
17. A vector A has a magnitude of 5. You are told that
the x-component of this vector is also 5.
22. Three equal vectors are placed head to tail forming a
What can you conclude about the y-component? triangle. What is the resultant vector?
(1) It is zero (1) Equal to each vector
(2) It is positive
(2) 0
(3) It is imaginary
(3) Double of one vector
(4) It is negative
(4) Cannot be determined
3
23. Two vectors are added and the resultant is smaller 30. Two F1 = 5 N due to east and F2 = 10 N due north
than both. What must be the angle between them? then resultant of these two force is
(1) < 90° (2) = 90°
(1) 5 5 N (2) 15 N
(3) > 90° (4) = 0°
(3) 5 N (4) 5N
24. Vector addition is commutative.
(1) True (2) False 31. (
Find net force = F1 + F2 ?)
25. Vector addition violates the triangle inequality.
(1) True (2) False
37. Vector A is 2m long at 60° above the +x-axis and B 41. Two vector of magnitude 2 and 4 and resultant is
is 2m long at 60° below the +x-axis then resultant 2 3 find angle between vectors.
will be:
ANSWER KEY
1. (2, 3, 4, 5)
12.
2.
13. (2)
4 14. (3)
3. mg
5 15. (3)
4. v x = v cos v y = v sin 16. (1)
3ˆ 4 ˆ 17. (1)
5. A= i+ j 18. (1)
5 5
19. (1)
−3 ˆ 4 ˆ 1 ˆ
B= i+ j− k 20. (1)
5 2 5 2 2 21. (3)
2 ˆ 3 ˆ 1 ˆ 22. (2)
C= i+ j− k
14 14 14 23. (3)
1 ˆ 1 ˆ 2 ˆ 24. (1)
D= i+ j− 2k 25. (2)
6 6 6
26. (1)
6. Magnitude: 50N 27. (3)
Direction: N 37° S or 37° South of North 28. (3)
7. Magnitude: 40N 29. ()
Direction: 53° North of East/37° East of North 30. (A)
8. Magnitude: 20N 31. 5N
Direction: 60° West of North/30° North of West 32. (1)
9. Magnitude: 10N 33. (3)
Direction: 30° South of West/60° West of South 34. (1)
35. (1)
36. (4)
10. 37. 2m
38. Angle between them must be 120°
39. Q =2b
40. 45°
41. 120°
11. 42. 5 N, 13 N
43. (4)
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vector B , it gives a vector equal to 2 ˆj. Then the [JEE Mains 2023]
magnitude of vector B will be: [JEE Mains 2023]
(1) 5 (2) 3
9. A block of 3 kg is attached to a string whose
(3) 6 (4) 33
other end is attached to the wall. An unknown force
F is applied so that the string makes an angle of 30°
4. A vector in x-y plane makes an angle of 30° with
with the wall. The tension T is: (Given g = 10 m s–2)
y-axis. The magnitude of y-component of vector is
[JEE Mains 2023]
2 3 . The magnitude of x-component of the vector
will be: [JEE Mains 2023]
1
(1) (2) 6
3
(3) 2 (4) 3
10. Expression for an electric field is given by 14. A vector has magnitude same as that of A = 3 ˆj + 4 ˆj
E = 4000 x2 iˆ V m–1. The electric flux through the and is parallel to B = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj. The x and y
cube of side 20 cm when placed in electric field (as
components of this vector in first quadrant are x and
shown in the figure) is ______ V cm.
3 respectively where x = _______.
[JEE Mains 2023]
[JEE Mains 2024]
The electric flux through a surface area 30iˆ m2 lying 18. Two forces F 1 and F 2 are acting on a body. One
in YZ-plane (in SI unit) is: [JEE Mains 2024] force has magnitude thrice that of the other force
and the resultant of the two forces is equal to the
(1) 90 (2) 150
force of larger magnitude. The angle between F 1
(3) 180 (4) 60
1
and F 2 is cos–1 . The value of |n| is ______.
n
[JEE Mains 2024]
3
19. The angle between vector Q and the resultant of 24. A 1 kg mass is suspended from the ceiling by a rope
of length 4 m. A horizontal force ‘F’ is applied at
( 2Q + 2P ) and ( 2Q − 2P ) is: the mid point of the rope so that the rope makes an
(1) tan −1
( 2Q1 − 2P ) (2) 0° angle of 45° with respect to the vertical axis as
shown in figure. The magnitude of F is: (Assume
2Q + 2 P
that the system is in equilibrium and g = 10 m/s2)
(3) tan −1 ( P / Q) (4) tan −1 (2Q / P) [JEE Mains 2024]
(
B = −iˆ + 4 ˆj + 3kˆ ) and ( )
C = −8iˆ − ˆj + 3kˆ , if
25. The resultant of two vectors A and B is
( )
A. B C = 0, then value of x is _______. perpendicular to A and its magnitude is half that of
[JEE Mains 2024] B. The angle between vectors A and B is _____ °.
[JEE Mains 2024]
27. ( )
The torque due to the force 2iˆ + ˆj + 2kˆ about the 33. If P Q = Q P, the angle between P and Q is
origin, acting on a particle whose position vector is (0° < < 360°). The value of will be _____.
( )
iˆ + ˆj + kˆ , would be [JEE Mains 2025] [JEE Mains 2021/22]
(1) iˆ − kˆ
34. Statement I: If three forces F 1 , F 2 and F 3 are
(2) iˆ + kˆ
represented by three sides of a triangle and vec
(3) ĵ + kˆ
F1 + F2 = − F3 , then these three forces are
(4) iˆ − ˆj + kˆ concurrent forces and satisfy the condition for
equilibrium.
28. The coordinates of a particle with respect to origin
in a given reference frame is (1, 1, 1) meters. If a Statement II: A triangle made up of three forces
force of F = iˆ − ˆj + kˆ acts on the particle, then the F 1 , F 2 and F 3 as its sides were taken in the same
magnitude of torque (with respect to origin) in order, hone satisfies the condition for translatory
z-direction is ______. [JEE Mains 2025] equilibrium.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most
appropriate answer from the options given below:
29. A is a vector quantity such that A = non-zero
constant. Which of the following expression is true (1) Both Statement I and Statement II are true.
for A ? [JEE Mains 2021/22] (2) Statement I is true but Statement II is false.
(1) A . A =0
(3) Both Statement I and Statement II are false.
(2) A × A <0
(4) Statement I is false but Statement II is true.
(3) A × A =0
(4) A × A >0
35. Statement-1: Two forces P + Q and P – Q
30. Two vectors A and B have equal magnitudes. If where P ⊥ Q , when act at an angle 1 each other,
magnitudes of A + B is equal to two times the
magnitude of A – B , then the angle between A and
the magnitude of their resultant is ( )
3 P2 + Q2 ,
B will be [JEE Mains 2021/22] when they act at an angle 2, the magnitude of their
3
(1) cos −1
5
1
(2) cos −1
3
resultant becomes ( )
2 P 2 + Q 2 . This only when
1 < 2.
1 3
(3) sin −1 (4) sin −1
3 5 Statement-II: In the situation given above.
36. The magnitude of vectors OA , OB and OC in the 38. Match List-I with List-II.
given figure are equal. The direction of List-I List-II
OA + OB – OC with x-axis will be:
(a) C − A − B = 0 (i)
(4) tan −1
(1 − + 3 − 2 ) (3) (a) → (iii), (b) → (ii), (c) → (iv), (d) → (i)
(1 − 3 − 2 ) (4) (a) → (i), (b) → (iv), (c) → (ii), (d) → (iii)
37. ( ) (
The angle between vecotr A and A − B is: ) 39. Two vectors X and Y have equal magnitude. The
( )
magnitude of X − Y is n times the magnitude of
−n − 1
(1) cos −1 2
n − 1
n − 1
(2) cos −1 2
−n − 1
n + 1
(3) cos −1 2
−n − 1
B cos 3B
(1) tan −1 (2) tan −1
A − B sin 2A − B n + 1
(4) cos −1 2
n − 1
B
− A
(3) tan −1 2 (4) tan −1
3 0.7 B
A− B
2
6
ANSWER KEY
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1. The magnitude of a vector is always a positive 14. The area of a parallelogram formed by two vectors
value. True/False A and B is equal to the magnitude of their cross
product, |A × B|. True/False
2. A scalar quantity has both magnitude and direction.
True/False 15. If the scalar product of two vectors is equal to the
magnitude of their vector product, then the angle
3. Two vectors are equal only if they have the same between them is 45°. True/False
magnitude and the same direction. True/False
9. The magnitude of the cross product of two vectors A 20. The resultant vector is the vector formed by adding
and B is given by AB sin θ, where θ is the angle two vectors. True/False
between them. True/False
21. To subtract a vector from a given vector, add the
10. A unit vector has a magnitude of one and indicates opposite vector to the given vector. True/False
the direction of a vector. True/False
22. To multiply two vectors, multiply their magnitudes
11. The resultant of two vectors is always greater than and add their direction angles. True/False
or equal to the magnitude of either individual vector.
True/False
23. The scalar multiplication of a vector results in
12. If a vector is resolved into its rectangular another vector having the same direction.
components, the sum of the magnitudes of the True/False
components is equal to the magnitude of the original 24. A child pulling a wagon with a force of 100 N at 30°
vector. True/False to the horizontal is an example of a vector.
True/False
13. Torque is a scalar quantity because it is the result of
a force acting at a distance. True/False
2
25. A single vector can be replaced by two vectors in 35. Let A = 3iˆ + 4 ˆj. Write vector B such that
the X and Y directions. These X and Y vectors are
A B but A = B.
called the resultant of the original vector.
True/False
36. Can you have A × B = A . B with A 0 and
26. Wind velocity can be represented as a vector B 0? What if one of the two vectors is zero?
quantity. True/False
29. Can you add three unit vectors to get a unit vector? (1) it is rotated through an arbitrary angle
Does your answer change if two unit vectors are (2) it is multiplied by an arbitrary scalar
along the coordinate axes? (3) it is cross multiplied by a unit vector
(4) it is slid parallel to itself.
30. Can we have physical quantities having magnitude
and direction which are not vectors?
40. Which of the sets given below may represent the
magnitudes of three vectors adding to zero?
31. Which of the following two statements is more (1) 2, 4, 8
appropriate?
(2) 4, 8, 16
(a) Two forces are added using triangle rule
(3) 1, 2, 1
because force is a vector quantity.
(4) 0.5, 1, 2
(b) Force is a vector quantity because two forces
are added using triangle rule.
41. The resultant of A and B makes an angle with A
and with B ,
32. Can you add two vectors representing physical (1) <
quantities having different dimensions? Can you (2) < if A < B
multiply two vectors representing physical
quantities having different dimensions? (3) < if A > B
(4) < if A = B
33. Can a vector have zero component along a line and
still have nonzero magnitude? 42. The component of a vector is
(1) always less than its magnitude
34. Is the vector sum of the unit vectors iˆ and ĵ a unit (2) always greater than its magnitude
vector? If no, can you multiply this sum by a scalar (3) always equal to its magnitude
number to get a unit vector? (4) none of these
3
43. A vector A points vertically upward and B points 46. Let the angle between two nonzero vectors A and B
towards north. The vector product A × B is be 120° and its resultant be C .
(1) along west (1) C must be equal to |A – B|
(2) along east (2) C must be less than |A – B|
(3) zero (3) C must be greater than |A – B|
(4) vertically downward (4) C may be equal to |A – B|
44. A situation may be described by using different sets 47. The x-component of the resultant of several vectors
of coordinate axes having different orientations. (1) is equal to the sum of the x-components of the
Which of the following do not depend on the vectors
orientation of the axes?
(2) may be smaller than the sum of the magnitudes
(1) the value of a scalar of the vectors
(2) component of a vector (3) may be greater than the sum of the magnitudes
(3) a vector of the vectors
(4) the magnitude of a vector (4) may be equal to the sum of the magnitudes of
the vectors
45. Let C = A + B .
ANSWER KEY
1. [True] 17. [False] 33. [Yes]
2. [False] 18. [True] 34. [No, Yes]
3. [True] 19. [False] 35. [ B = 4iˆ + 3 ˆj ]
4. [True] 20. [True]
36. [No, No]
5. [False] 21. [True]
37. [(a) Yes, (b) Yes]
6. [False] 22. [False]
38. [Yes, No]
7. [True] 23. [False]
39. [4]
8. [False] 24. [True]
40. [3]
9. [True] 25. [False]
41. [3]
10. [True] 26. [True]
42. [4]
11. [False] 27. [No]
43. [1]
12. [False] 28. [No, Yes]
44. [1, 3, 4]
13. [False] 29. [Yes]
45. [2]
14. [False] 30. [Yes → Yes, Current]
46. [3]
15. [True] 31. [b]
47. [1, 2, 4]
16. [True] 32. [No, Yes]
48. [2, 3, 4]
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Physics by M.R Sir Assignment 05
Yakeen NEET 2.0 2026 By : M.R Sir
Vectors
1. If A =2i − 3 j + 7 k , B =i + 2k and C =j − k find A ⋅ ( B × C ) product of the two vectors, (b) the magnitude of
their vector product.
2. Find the maximum or minimum values of the
1
function y= x + for x > 0.
11. (
Prove that A ⋅ A × B =
0.)
x 12. A curve is represented by y = sin x. If x is changed
t
π π π
3. Evaluate ∫0 A sin ωt dt where A and ω are from to + , find approximately the
3 3 100
constants.
change in y.
4. The velocity v and displacement x of a particle
executing simple harmonic motion are related as
13. The electric current in a charging R–C circuit is
dv
v = −ω2 x. given by i = i0 e−t/RC where i0, R and C are constant
dx
parameters of the circuit and t is time. Find the rate
At x = 0, v = v 0. Find the velocity u when the of change of current at (a) t = 0, (b) t = RC, (c) t =
displacement becomes x. 10 RC.
14. Find the area bounded under the curve y = 3x2 + 6x
5. The charge flown through a circuit in the time + 7 and the X-axis with the ordinates at x = 5 and x
interval between t and t + dt is given by dq = e – t / τ = 10.
dt, where τ is a constant. Find the total charge 15. Find the area bounded by the curve y = e– x, the X-
flown through the circuit between t = 0 to t = τ . axis and the Y-axis.
6. A vector A makes an angle of 20° and B makes 16. Two vectors A and B are defined as A = a i and
∧
9. Two vectors have magnitudes 3 unit and 4 unit [JEE ADV. 2017]
respectively. What should be the angle between (A) S =(b − 1) P + bQ
them if the magnitude of the resultant is (a) 1 unit,
(b) 5 unit and (c) 7 unit.
(B) S = ( )
1 − b 2 P + bQ
(C) S =(1 − b) P + b 2Q
10. Two vectors have magnitudes 2 m and 3 m. The
(D) S =(1 − b) P + bQ
angle between them is 60°. Find (a) the scalar
[1]
ANSWER KEY
1. 0
2. at x = 1, y is y = 2
A
3. (1 – cos ωt)
ω
4. v
= v02 − ω2 x 2 .
1
5. τ 1 −
e
11. ?
12. (0.0157)
−i0 −i −i0
13. (a) (b) 0 (c)
RC RCe RCe10
14. (1135)
15. (1)
16. ?
17. S=(1 − b) P + bQ
[2]
When two vectors are added, the resultant is smaller than both vectors when the angle between them is greater than 90°. This occurs because the vectors are oriented in such a way that they partially cancel each other out, leading to a smaller resultant. This geometric relationship relies on the properties of vector addition, where the magnitude of the resultant vector is given by the expression \( R = \sqrt{A^2 + B^2 + 2AB\cos\theta} \), and cos θ is negative when θ is greater than 90° .
Two vectors are perpendicular if their dot product is zero, \( A \cdot B = |A||B|\cos90° = 0 \). This means they have no component of length along each other's direction. For the resultant vector of two perpendicular vectors, the magnitude is calculated using the Pythagorean theorem as \( R = \sqrt{A^2 + B^2} \), leading to a right-angle triangle where the resultant is the hypotenuse .
If two vectors of equal magnitude \( R \) have a resultant vector that is perpendicular to one of them, the angle between these two vectors must be 120°. When the angle θ between the two vectors is such that their resultant is perpendicular to one vector, the dot product with that vector is zero, forming an equilateral triangle. This condition can be solved to show \( \cos^{-1}(-\frac{1}{2}) \), which corresponds to 120° .
The triangle law of vector addition applies to any two vectors represented as two sides of a triangle in sequence. This means that if two vectors are drawn such that the tail of one vector starts at the head of the other, the third side of the triangle, taken from the start of the first vector to the end of the second vector, represents their resultant. This law works only for non-collinear vectors that can form a closed triangle .
A vector in a plane can be resolved into its x and y components. The direction θ of the vector with respect to the x-axis can be found using the arctangent function \( \theta = \tan^{-1}\left(\frac{y}{x}\right) \). The magnitude of the vector is obtained by using the Pythagorean theorem: \( |A| = \sqrt{x^2 + y^2} \). These components allow for a complete description of the vector's orientation and length in a plane .
For a vector \( \mathbf{A} = \begin{pmatrix} a \ b \end{pmatrix} \) to be a unit vector, its magnitude must be equal to 1. This condition can be expressed with the equation \( \sqrt{a^2 + b^2} = 1 \). This ensures that the vector has a normalized length and represents only direction without extending any particular distance .
When three vectors, each with magnitude A, form a closed triangle and are added vectorially, the resultant vector is zero. This is because the vectors are systematically arranged to form a triangle, with each vector acting as a side. This implies that the end of the last vector reaches the starting point of the first vector, completing a cycle with no net displacement .
The claim that a single vector can be entirely replaced by a set of vectors in the x and y directions holds true under the condition that these component vectors are unique parts of the original vector. This is known as vector decomposition, where a vector \( \mathbf{A} = a \hat{i} + b \hat{j} \) can be represented as a sum of its x-component \( a \hat{i} \) and y-component \( b \hat{j} \). These components accurately capture the original vector's properties in a two-dimensional plane, ensuring that no information about magnitude or direction is lost, thus the equivalent representation .
Yes, it is possible for vectors of unequal magnitudes to sum to zero, provided that they are collinear and aligned such that their directions allow for complete cancellation at a common point. This can occur in a system where the vectors are arranged head to tail in a cycle, with directions such that they effectively form a closed loop, compensating one another's magnitudes precisely to yield a net zero .
Vector addition does not violate the triangle inequality. The triangle inequality states that the sum of the lengths of any two sides of a triangle must be greater than or equal to the length of the remaining side. In terms of vectors, this means the magnitude of the resultant vector from adding two vectors is at least equal to the difference of their magnitudes and no more than their sum: \( |A + B| \leq |A| + |B| \). This is in alignment with vector properties and supports the concept of vector addition behaving geometrically in terms of creating a triangle .