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Understanding NAT: Types and Configurations

NAT (Network Address Translation) translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses, enabling devices to access the internet. There are three types of NAT: Static NAT (1-to-1 mapping), Dynamic NAT (temporary assignment from a pool), and PAT (Port Address Translation, which allows multiple devices to share a single public IP). NAT configurations can be set up using CLI commands, and troubleshooting involves checking access lists and interface roles.

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9 views7 pages

Understanding NAT: Types and Configurations

NAT (Network Address Translation) translates private IP addresses to public IP addresses, enabling devices to access the internet. There are three types of NAT: Static NAT (1-to-1 mapping), Dynamic NAT (temporary assignment from a pool), and PAT (Port Address Translation, which allows multiple devices to share a single public IP). NAT configurations can be set up using CLI commands, and troubleshooting involves checking access lists and interface roles.

Uploaded by

hamza.scales
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

📌 1. What is NAT?

NAT allows a device (like a router or firewall) to translate one IP address into another.

🚧 Mostly used to translate private IPs into public IPs to enable internet access.
🧠 Why?
Because private IPs aren’t routable on the internet.​
Your PC at [Link] tries to reach Google? The router translates it into a public IP,
sends it out, and remembers who made the request.

🏠 2. Real World Analogy


NAT is like a receptionist at an office.​
You call them, they forward the call, and when someone replies, they send it back
to you.

🔥 3. Types of NAT (CCNA-Level)


Type Description

Static NAT 1-to-1 mapping between private & public


IP

Dynamic NAT Uses a pool of public IPs, assigns one


temporarily

PAT (Port Address Many-to-one mapping using ports (aka


Translation) NAT overload)

PAT is by far the most common — what homes and businesses use.
🧠 4. NAT Table
The router keeps a translation table:

I I P
n n o
s si r
i d t
d e
e G
L l
o o
c b
a al
l

1 2 5
9 0 4
2 3. 3
. 0. 2
1 1 1
6 1
8 3.
. 5
1
.
1
0

1 2 5
9 0 4
2 3. 3
. 0. 2
1 1 2
6 1
8
.
1 3.
. 5
1
1

Local = private, Global = public

📦 5. Inside vs Outside
Dir Description
ect
ion

Ins Private IP of
ide internal host
Lo
cal

Ins Public IP seen on


ide the internet
Glo
bal

Ou Usually not used


tsi (rare cases)
de
Lo
cal

Ou Real public IP of
tsi external host
de
Glo
bal

✅
CCNA might ask "Which address is translated in PAT?"​
Answer: Inside Local → Inside Global

⚙️ 6. Static NAT Configuration (CLI)


bash

CopyEdit

ip nat inside source static [Link] [Link]

interface g0/0

ip nat inside

interface g0/1

ip nat outside

Always define which interfaces are inside and outside NAT.

🔄 7. Dynamic NAT Configuration


bash

CopyEdit

ip nat pool MYPOOL [Link] [Link] netmask


[Link]

ip nat inside source list 1 pool MYPOOL

access-list 1 permit [Link] [Link]


interface g0/0

ip nat inside

interface g0/1

ip nat outside

⚡ 8. PAT (NAT Overload) Configuration


bash

CopyEdit

ip nat inside source list 1 interface g0/1 overload

access-list 1 permit [Link] [Link]

NAT overload means all internal devices share the same public IP — using
ports to distinguish sessions.

🔍 9. Show & Debug Commands


Command W
ha
t it
sh
o
w
s
show ip N
nat AT
translatio ta
bl
ns
e

show ip N
nat AT
statistics st
at
s

debug ip Li
nat ve
N
AT
lo
gs

🔥 10. CCNA NAT Scenario Traps


✅ Which IP is “Inside Local”? = Private source​
✅ Which IP is "Inside Global"? = What the world sees​
✅ PAT = overload using ports​
✅ Static NAT = 1:1​
✅ Dynamic NAT = pool​
✅ PAT = 1 public IP, multiple private hosts​
✅ Troubleshooting NAT? Check access lists + interface roles
🧠 11. NAT vs No NAT
Without NAT With NAT

Private IPs can’t Private IPs


access internet can go
public

No IP translation Full IP
translation

Must use real IPs Saves


public IP
space

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