PHYSICS WORKSHEET
1. An alternating e.m.f. of angular frequency ω is applied across an inductance. The
instantaneous power developed in the circuit has an angular frequency:
(1) ω/4 (2) ω/2 (3) ω (4) 2ω
2. How does the sign of the phase angle ϕ, by which the supply voltage leads the
current in an LCR series circuit, change as the supply frequency is gradually increased
from very low to very high values?
3. In an AC circuit, the instantaneous values of emf and current are:
V=200sin(314t) V,
I=sin(314t+π3) A.
Find the average power consumed:
(a) 200 W (b) 100 W (c) 50 W (d) 25 W
4. A complex current wave is given by:
i(t)=5+5 sin(100ωt) A.
Its average value over one time period is:
(1) 10 A (2) 5 A (3) 50 A (4) 0
5. In a highly inductive load circuit, it is more dangerous when:
(a) we close the switch (b) open the switch
(c) increasing the resistance (d) decreasing the resistance
6. A step-up transformer is operated on a 2.5 kV line. It supplies a load with 20 A.
The ratio of the primary winding to the secondary winding is 10:1.
If the transformer is 90% efficient, calculate:
(i) power output (ii) voltage (iii) current in the secondary.
7. What will be the impedance of the circuit shown below
(Voltage = 75 V, 𝑖𝑡=5 A, 𝑖𝑐=2A
(1) 5 Ω (2) 10 Ω (3) 25 Ω (4) 75 Ω
8. Assertion: If XC>XL, ϕ is positive and the circuit is predominantly capacitive.
Reason: If XC<XL, ϕ is negative and the circuit is predominantly inductive.
9. If the rms current in a 50 Hz AC circuit is 5 A, the value of current 1300 s after its
value becomes zero is:
(a) 52 A (b) 532 A (c) 56 A (d) 52 A
10. A resistor of 400 Ω, an inductor of 5π H, and a capacitor of 50πμF are connected in
series across a source of 140 sin(100πt) V.
Find the rms voltage across the resistor, the inductor, and the capacitor.
Is the algebraic sum of these voltages more than the source voltage? If yes, resolve the
paradox.
11. The ratio of number of turns of primary coil to secondary coil in a transformer is 2:3.
If a cell of 6 V is connected across the primary coil, then voltage across the secondary
coil will be:
(a) 3 V (b) 6 V (c) 9 V (d) 12 V
12. In a series LCR circuit, R=10 Ω, and Z=20 Ω.
The phase difference between the current and the voltage is:
(1) 30° (2) 45° (3) 60° (4) 90°
13. When an AC generator of 120 V is connected in series with a capacitor and a
resistor of 30 Ω, the circuit carries a current of 1.5 A.
The potential difference across the capacitor will be:
(1) 1.11 V (2) 111 V (3) 0 (4) 220 V
14. The rms voltage of the square wave shown (+10 V to -10 V) is:
(a) 10 V (b) 7 V (c) 6.37 V (d) 12 V
15. Assertion: In series L-C-R circuit resonance can take place.
Reason: Resonance takes place if inductance and capacitive reactance are equal and
opposite.
16. In the branch AB of a circuit, a current I=t+2 A is flowing.
At t=0, the value of VA−VB will be:
(1) 3 V (2) –3 V (3) –5 V (4) 5 V
17. A series L-C-R circuit with L=0.12 H, C=480 nF, R=23 Ω is connected to a 230 V
variable frequency supply.
(i) What is the resonance frequency?
(ii) What is the maximum power absorbed?
(iii) When is power half this value?
(iv) What is the quality factor?
18. Which of the following combinations is best for tuning an LCR circuit used for
communication?
(a) R = 25 Ω, L = 1.5 H, C = 45 μF
(b) R = 20 Ω, L = 1.5 H, C = 35 μF
(c) R = 25 Ω, L = 2.5 H, C = 45 μF
(d) R = 15 Ω, L = 3.5 H, C = 30 μF
19. Reactance of a capacitor is 25 Ω for frequency f=400π Hz.
What is the capacitance C?
(a) 25 μF (b) 50 μF (c) 75 μF (d) 100 μF
20. In an R-L-C series AC circuit, impedance cannot be increased by:
(a) Increasing frequency
(b) Decreasing frequency
(c) Increasing resistance
(d) Increasing voltage
20. Assertion: AC can be transmitted over long distances at high voltage without much
power loss.
Reason: The average value of AC is defined over any half cycle.
21. Assertion: Direct current is more dangerous than alternating current of same value.
Reason: An electrocuted person sticks to a DC line, while AC repels the person.
22. Draw a schematic of a step-up transformer.
Using its principle, deduce the relation between secondary and primary voltage in terms
of coil turns.
In an ideal transformer, how is this ratio related to the current?
How is it used in large-scale electrical transmission?
23. One 60 V, 100 W bulb is to be connected to a 100 V, 50 Hz AC source.
The potential drop across the inductor is:
(a) 80 V (b) 40 V (c) 10 V (d) 20 V
24. Assertion: An inductor and a capacitor are called low-pass and high-pass filters
respectively.
Reason: Inductive reactance is low for low frequencies; capacitive reactance is high for
high frequencies.
25. Which graph shows, for a pure resistor, the voltage and current are in phase?
(Choose from given sine wave plots.)
26. Show that a series L-C-R circuit at resonance behaves as a purely resistive circuit.
Compare phase relations using phasor diagrams for:
(a) XL>XC (b) XL=XC
What is an acceptor circuit? Where is it used?
27. (i) Find the phase difference between voltage and current in the LCR circuit shown
(L = 100 mH, C = 2 μF, R = 400 Ω).
Which one leads in phase — voltage or current?
(ii) What additional capacitor (in parallel) will make the power factor unity?
28. One 60 V, 100 W bulb is to be connected to 100 V, 50 Hz AC source. The potential
drop across the inductor is (f = 50 Hz)
(a) 80 V (b) 40 V (c) 10 V (d) 20 V
29. In an AC circuit, the rms voltage is 100/2 V. Find the peak value of voltage and its
mean value during a positive half cycle.
30. Establish an expression for average value of AC voltage V=V0sinωt over the time
interval t=0 to t=π/ω.
31. Which of the following 120V AC devices costs more to operate, one that draws an
RMS current of 10A or one that draws a peak current of 122 A? Explain.
32. Both alternating current and direct current are measured in Amperes. But how is
Ampere defined for an alternating current?
33. The instantaneous value of current in an AC circuit is
i=2 sin(100πt+π/3) A.
At what first time, the current will be maximum?
34. A light bulb is rated 100 Watts for 220 Volts AC supply of 50 Hertz. Calculate:
(i) The resistance of the bulb
(ii) The rms current through the bulb
35. The alternating current in a circuit is described by the graph shown in Fig. Show rms
current in this graph.
36. Determine the value of phase difference between the current and the voltage in the
given series LCR circuit:
V=V0sin(1000t+ϕ)
R = 40Ω, C = 2μF, L = 100mH
37. Calculate the quality factor of a series LCR circuit with L = 2.0 H, C = 2μF and R =
10Ω
38. Resonance frequency of a circuit is v. If the capacitance is made 4 times the initial
value, then the resonance frequency will become?
39. How much current is drawn by the primary coil of a transformer which is step down
220 volt to 22 volt to operate a device with an impedance of 220Ω?
40. A step down transformer converts transmission line voltage from 2200 V to 220 V.
Primary coil is having 5000 turns. Efficiency of transformer is 90% and output power is 8
kW. Evaluate number of turns in secondary coil and input power.
41. Mention the two characteristic properties of the material suitable for making the core
of the transformer.
42. A 100% efficient transformer has n1 turns in its primary and n2 turns in its
secondary. If the power input to the transformer is W (watt), what is the power output?
43. When DC voltage is applied to a transformer, the primary coil sometimes will
overheat and eventually burn. Explain why?
44. A 60 W load is connected to the secondary of a transformer whose primary draws
line voltage 220V. If a current of 0.54A flows in the load, what is the current in the
primary coil? Comment on the types of transformer being used.
45. For a step-down transformer:
Es<Ep ⇒ k =1
Ns < Np Is < Ip
The above relations are on the assumptions that efficiency of transformer is 100%.
η = output power/input power=EsIs/EpIp
(Diagram of transformer with labels: Input AC, Soft iron core, Primary coil, Secondary
coil, Output AC)
(i) Which of the following quantity remains constant in an ideal transformer?
(a) Current (b) Voltage (c) Power (d) All of these
(ii) Transformer is used to
(a) convert AC to DC voltage
(b) convert DC to AC voltage
(c) obtain desired DC power current
(d) obtain desired AC voltage and current
(iii) The number of turns in primary coil of a transformer is 20 and the number of turns in
a secondary is 10. If the voltage across the primary is 220 AC V, what is the voltage
across the secondary?
(a) 100 AC V (b) 120 AC V (c) 110 AC V (d) 310 AC V
(iv) In a transformer the number of primary turns is four times that of the secondary
turns. Its primary is connected to an A.C. source of voltage V. Then
(a) Current through its secondary is about four times that of the current through its
primary.
(b) Voltage across its secondary is about four times that of the voltage across its
primary.
(c) Voltage across its secondary is about two times that of the voltage across its
primary.