Student’s Book Audioscript

Student’s Book Audioscript

what the next step would be. I figured it would
Unit 1 The ties that bind include some kind of memory test. My friend
thought that maybe we’d get to meet the people.
So, three days later, back we went and sat at the
1.4 Language in Focus same computers and we were asked to look at the
1.7 Exercises 2 and 3, page 9 same faces – I’d been right after all! This time we
were told to tick a box each time, stating whether
N = Newscaster we thought the person looked trustworthy or not.
N: And now to our final story … You know how they It was actually very challenging and I felt quite
say that sometimes meeting the right person can stressed as the participants in my group only saw
change your life? Well, Jordan Axani thought he each photo for less than a second. I was exhausted
had met that person. Her name was Elizabeth, by the end and not at all confident that I’d given
Elizabeth Gallagher. They fell in love and were on the right answers. Meanwhile my friend, who had
the verge of taking a romantic trip together. They been put in a different group, had also been doing
were going to travel around the world. They would the test. But her experience had differed from
spend Christmas Day in Vienna and then they were mine. Even though the collection of photos was
visiting eight countries in three weeks. It was going the same, the participants in her group had been
to be the trip of a lifetime. But shortly before the given much longer to look at the faces, remember
trip was due to take place, the couple split up. the facts about them and use that information to
Although Jordan had lost the love of his life, he make decisions. And of course, we understood, as
wasn’t planning on missing out on the trip as well. we talked about it later, that that was the crux of the
So he decided to go with someone else. The only experiment: the length of time the different groups
problem was that he couldn’t change the name on of participants had to form their impressions – not
the tickets. So he started a search on social media actually the impressions themselves.
for another Elizabeth Gallagher. But that wasn’t the Once the experiment was over, the team explained
only requirement. He also wanted to share the ticket the background to the test. They described
with someone who would not otherwise be able to how originally they’d asked an earlier group of
afford the trip, and in the end, he found the perfect volunteers to look at the photos and rate the
partner, Elizabeth Quinn Gallagher, a twenty-three- people as trustworthy or untrustworthy based on
year-old student. As they were on the point of their faces and expressions. The team had then
starting their trip, a hotel chain got in touch and added made-up personal information to each
offered them two free hotel rooms at each of their photo. Sometimes the information coincided with
destinations. It really was a dream come true! the physical impression described by the original
group of volunteers – for example, a person with
a trustworthy face might be described as being an
1.5 Listening
upstanding citizen – but sometimes it didn’t, and
1.8 Exercises 2 and 3, page 10 a trustworthy face was labelled as having a criminal
record. This really surprised me as I had assumed
J = Jen
the personal information was genuine when asked
J: Last week, I took part in an interesting experiment
to read it. The team conducting the experiment
and thought that maybe you’d like to hear about
then explained that the volunteers in my friend’s
it. I got involved through one of my psychology
group, who’d been given longer the second time
lecturers. She explained that her team was looking
they viewed the photos, had generally matched
at the factors involved in forming first impressions
the faces to the categories based on the facts they
and was looking for volunteers. Well, I was intrigued
could recall and not the people’s appearance. Those
as that’s the topic of my major assignment this
of us who had only had a split second for our second
semester. And I had some free time as I’d just
viewing judged according to appearances, even if
finished an essay so I signed up.
the information we’d managed to remember in that
The experiment was simple. Basically we had to
short time contradicted our judgments. I found that
sit in front of a computer and watch a slideshow.
pretty worrying actually. I mean, the experiment
The slides showed photos of people’s faces
seems to confirm that when we see someone for
accompanied by information about the person, for
the first time, in that first split second, our minds are
example, that they’d been convicted of a minor
already judging them, not on facts, but on a simple
crime, or that they frequently did charity work. We
gut reaction. That bothers me, being judged in that
had to study the photos for a couple of minutes
way. Doesn’t it bother you?
and then try to recall them. I found this easy, as I’m
good at remembering faces. We were then told
to come back three days later. I chatted about the
experiment with a friend and we both wondered

184

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 184 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

1.6 Speaking Now, the fact that we have so many different terms
to describe the phenomenon gives us a clue as to
1.11 Exercises 3 and 4, page 11 how much a part of our lives it actually is.
J = Jess C = Chris Whether it be a quarrel, a squabble, a wrangle or
J: What is that? A quiz? a dispute, plenty of the people we interact with on
C: Yeah, kind of. In class, we were talking about first a daily basis are gonna think differently to ourselves
impressions and how sometimes they can be right and it is, therefore, an inevitable fact that with some
and how much you can tell just from looking at of these people conflict will ensue.
a picture … Would you like to have a go? It’s kind of Interestingly, however, scientists have proven
fun. that people who argue with those close to them
J: I don’t know. I mean, it’s hard, isn’t it, judging from are more likely to be more considerate to others
appearances … And first impressions can often be confronted during the day. That means they’re less
wrong … But OK, why not? So what do I need to do? likely to be the instigators of road rage, push people
C: First, you need to look at this photo and say what out of the way in the street or fight for that last seat
you think about the person in it. on the train.
J: Well, she looks a bit of a mystery. I mean, kind of Another positive knock-on effect of arguments is
aloof and distant, not really the free and easy type. that people who regularly get involved in them
I can’t really see much of her because of the low are known to have a longer life expectancy than
light but I can just make out her facial expression. those that tend to bite their lip and bottle their true
At first glance, I thought she looked a bit pensive feelings up. These latter types are much more likely
and melancholic or even as if she might be angry or to explode at some point in the future – rather like
upset. But, on closer inspection, I’d say although she a time bomb ticking inexorably towards an explosion
looks introspective and thoughtful at the same time of epic proportions.
she seems happy … or maybe content is the right And there’s more good news. Arguing is actually
word. Judging by the sunset, I’d say she’s at the good for your relationship. How so? Arguing equals
end of a long, relaxing walk on the beach. It’s not communication – the exchange of information and
really her facial expression that makes me think she’s views that are considered important enough to
content, it’s something to do with the setting and share when one feels safe enough to share them.
the way she seems to be lost in herself, like she’s got They are an expression of honesty, of trust, of
all the time in the world and is deep in thought … respect. If you really care about a relationship, you
But then again, I could be wrong about all of that. want to express such truths rather than simply brush
I mean, it isn’t a very natural shot. It’s hard to say but them under the carpet.
it almost seems a bit staged. I mean she’s posing, So, as long as you keep your arguments to the
isn’t she? And there’s something about the angle, as point and remember to actually listen to what your
if the photographer wanted to get the lighting just partner is saying, feel free to go ahead and get it
right … all out in the open. Whatever you do though, make
C: OK, now you have to read the three profiles and see sure that you don’t get involved in personal attacks.
if you can guess which one she is … Then a good argument needn’t be an act of war as
much as one that will create a stronger bond and
a healthier, longer life.
Focus Review 1
1.12 Exercise 9, page 15
S = Speaker Unit 2 Learning for life
S: Sometimes we try to stop ourselves but we just
can’t control the urge. We get ourselves involved in 2.1 Vocabulary
a verbal conflict that is often met with an immediate
sense of regret. But arguing? Is it really such a bad 1.15 Exercises 8, page 17
thing? B = Ben S = Sarah
Philosopher Daniel H. Cohen says that there are B: Hello.
three kinds of argument: there’s the argument- S: Hi, Ben. Where are you?
as-proof, the argument-as-presentation and B: I’m at home.
there’s the argument-as-war. Now, the first of S: What are you doing later? I thought you might like to
these are scientific arguments designed to prove come out.
a theory is either correct or incorrect. They involve B: Oh. I can’t. I’ve got to catch up on my work. It’s
experimentation, investigation and the formation of starting to pile up.
hypothesis: the search for the objective truth. S: What work?
The second of these are those types of argument B: I need to brush up on my French – we’ve got a test,
that are purely for the sake of it, performed in front remember?
of a captive audience like a kind of spectator sport. S: But that’s not till next week! You need to cook up a
They often involve playing devil’s advocate in order better excuse than that!
to force debate and there’s often very little outcome B: It’s not an excuse – I’ve also got to read up on the
other than the thrill of being involved in the act and Second World War for history.
entertaining onlookers with witty comebacks. S: Oh lighten up! It’s Friday night. Do your reading now
But it is the last of these which is the most prevalent. and then you can come out when you’ve finished.
The argument-as-war: the adversarial taking on of an It won’t take long.
opponent who has a different opinion.
185

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 185 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

B: Hahaha, I’m not like you. It’s easy for you, you love recently. Some of these really young ones could
history – you lap it up. just have joined the group. See the guy in the white
S: Well, I do like history. But listen, I’ve summoned up T-shirt – he must have been doing it for a couple of
the courage to ask you out – the least you can do is years, I’d say.
say yes. A: Yes, he’s really good! He can do some amazing
B: Oh. Well, OK, then. Give me half an hour. things!
B: The younger kids very often film the acrobatics on
1.17 Exercises 10 and 11, page 17 their mobiles.
A: Yes, I saw them recording one trick on their
I = Interviewer A = Amy M = Matt R = Rob smartphones the other day. Why do they do that?
S = Sally I thought it must be so they could learn from the
I: How do you cope with exams, Amy? more experienced members of the group …
A: Not very well. I try to keep things in perspective – B: Well, yes, they could well be doing it so they can
I tell myself it’s just an exam and what’s the worst watch the clips afterwards and talk about the
that could happen? I could fail! But I won’t die. But techniques. But the guy in the white T-shirt may
unfortunately, it doesn’t calm me down. I’m a bundle watch the film later too. If he does, it will certainly be
of nerves on the day of the exam, and by the time to help him improve his technique.
the exam starts, my heart is pounding and my mind A: And how do you think he learnt that move to start
goes blank. I force myself to get a grip but I’m sure with? I mean, he can’t have learnt it by himself …
I don’t perform as well as I could because of the B: Who knows? He could have been part of another
nerves. group and moved on to form his own tricking gang
I: How about you, Matt? or he may have learnt the first tricks online …
M: I get butterflies in my stomach before an exam. But A: So there’s a whole online community also?
once the exam starts, it’s as if a weight has been B: Yes, that’s right. The clips they’re filming on their
lifted and a calm comes over me and I just get on phones … most likely they post them straight
with it. I suppose it’s because I know there’s nothing to a YouTube channel – there’s a huge global
more I can do – the period leading up to the exam is community out there sharing and learning together.
when I’m a nervous wreck! That’s an important part of the community of
I: And you, Rob? practice too, sharing online as well as face-to-face.
R: It depends on how confident and prepared I feel. A lot of trickers learn their moves online.
If I know I’ve done the work, I’ll take exams in my A: Wow – that must be so inspiring!
stride. But if I feel unprepared or out of my depth, I’ll B: Yeah, I think it is … but the most motivating thing is
get nervous and probably make a mess of the exam. just getting it right. Look! Watch him.
I: Sally, how do you cope with exams? A: Wow, he can’t be doing that! That’s amazing!
S: It might sound weird but I actually like exams.
I think I perform well under stress. I’m not the kind
of student who does all their coursework and gets 2.5 Listening
consistently good marks. I tend to cram for a couple 1.20 Exercises 2 and 3, page 22
of weeks and sail through the exams. Of course,
I forget everything two weeks later! M1 = Man 1 W1 = Woman 2 M2 = Man 2
W2 = Woman 2
Dialogue 1
2.3 Grammar M1: I bought a desk for my study from this online retailer
1.19 Exercises 2 and 3, page 20 – you know, it was pretty reasonable – not super
cheap but not that bad. And they delivered it and it
A = Interviewer B = Interviewee was flat pack, um – so I had to put it together myself.
A: Hi, we’re here today, taking a closer look at the idea W1: Flat pack furniture is beyond me. I don’t buy it
of communities of practice – groups of people who anymore because I’m just useless at putting it
come together to share their experiences and their together.
expertise and learn from each other. Here in front M1: Yeah, well, I was pretty useless that day too … So
of us, on the beach, are a group of young people, I got the instructions out and it was like this list
mostly male, aged between about fifteen and of letters and numbers, which were supposed to
twenty-five, and they’re all practising some tricking correspond to the pieces but I found the whole
moves. Ali, can you quickly tell us what tricking is? thing very vague and actually more confusing than
B: Yes, it’s a kind of combination of acrobatics and helpful. The physical pieces seemed to bare almost
martial arts. The kids here do it on the beach all no resemblance to what was on the paper. Anyway,
year round. They use these big lorry tyres, buried I tried to keep my composure and I kind of managed
in the sand, as a trampoline and they spend hours to work out what it was they meant. I just used plain
and hours jumping off the tyres and doing tricks off common sense!
them. They watch each other and discuss the moves W1: Well done you. I find it impossible to get to
and practise over and over. That’s how they learn. grips with those kind of manuals – they’re always
A: So how long would you say these young people confusing or there’s not enough information or
have been tricking? they’re missing a page … I mean I’ve been there!
B: There’s no way of telling really … The original group M1: Yeah, and then I tried to improvise … I managed to
members may have been doing it for years while find an Allen key which they didn’t provide so I had
the younger ones might have been taught more to use my initiative there. Anyway, I finally started

186

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 186 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

to build this thing, got halfway through it, and got enrol in a class with other dogs and their owners and
to the point where putting the whole thing together actually it’s proved very reassuring to be with others
proved impossible without an extra pair of hands. who share the same concerns as you. They all have
W1: What a nightmare! I would have given up there and problem dogs so we’re all in the same boat if you
then. know what I mean.
M1: Anyway, I was going to throw in the towel, then M3: Well, I do, yes. And I guess if you had individual
I thought I’m not going to let this defeat me. So, lessons … I mean, he might be obedient in class
I went for a quick walk round the block to clear but when you get down the park, he might start
my head, you know. And I happened to meet misbehaving again. This way he gets acclimatised to
a neighbour and asked him for help. other people and other dogs.
W3: Exactly. The whole experience has been very
Dialogue 2 positive so far. As I said, it’s good to feel part
W2: Have you ever consulted an online video for help of a group who are going through the same
with fixing something? You know, one of these experiences as you, to feel an affinity with them …
‘how-to’ videos? I’m a bit wary of them – I’m not sure together you can learn better I think.
I trust the advice fully. M3: Well, I’m sure Booster would agree.
M2: Yeah, I have used them. When I’ve had issues with W3: Ha! Yes, he probably would.
software, anything like that, I go on these specialist
sites or forums. They’ve got detailed advice and
videos there. Like the other day I had a problem 2.6 Speaking
installing an update for my computer and I went
1.22 Exercises 2 and 3, page 23
online immediately, and this guy sorted out the
whole problem for me in no time! P = Presenter D = Dawn S = Scott
W2: So it’s professionals sponsored by tech companies? P: There’s no doubt that homeschooling is a growing
Otherwise, it seems odd to me. trend and there are a lot of strong opinions about
M2: Not always. It’s often ordinary people who’ve had it. We talked to several people to get their views on
similar problems … or people who are technical the topic.
geniuses and want to share their expertise. First you First, we spoke to Dawn, a secondary school
type in your problem, and then loads of videos pop teacher, who has studied the phenomenon in her
up with people who are a lot more technical than you area. So, Dawn, what do you think?
or me. What they say is really easy to follow because D: Well, first of all, I really don’t think it’s a practical
they’re like tutorials that show you how to fix problems solution for a lot of families. Take a family where
step by step. You’d think that the videos posted by both parents are working and can’t afford to pay for
experts might be too complicated or too difficult for expensive private tutors. They don’t have time to
the average person to follow, but they’re not. dedicate to schooling their children – so for them
W2: Right. And I guess it doesn’t really matter if the school is the only option. And you know, there are
videos are a bit amateurish – I mean they’re free – a lot of things that schools offer that homeschooling
and you can always re-watch them if you don’t get can’t. A case in point is the question of socialisation,
it the first time. When real experts choose to share you know, kids getting to spend time with other
their knowledge with everyone for free it’s really kids. It’s a really important aspect of school and it
helpful. often gets undervalued.
M2: Absolutely – it’s good to know help is just a few P: Thank you, Dawn.
clicks away. D: My pleasure.
P: We also asked a homeschooler, sixteen-year-old
Dialogue 3 Scott, what he thought about people who said that
M3: We’re having some people over on Thursday homeschooled kids don’t learn how to socialise as
evening if you want to join us. Nothing fancy, but much as other kids.
you’d be welcome. S: I’m sorry but I think they’re wrong. In my case,
W3: Can’t do Thursday I’m afraid. Dog training classes. I spend a lot of time with other homeschooled kids
M3: Dog training? I thought you were an expert? doing projects together at each other’s houses. Kids
W3: Well, I’ve had dogs for most of my life … and who go to school, OK, they’re together in class for
I always thought that I could train them myself, that hours every day but are they socialising? No! Look at
I didn’t need any help … my cousin, Rob. He’s at school from 8.30 till 4. When
M3: Yes, I mean … you’ve had loads of experience. he gets home, he has to do his homework, that takes
W3: Well right, but Booster is proving to be a right another couple of hours and so he’s hardly got any
handful; more than I can handle. I mean I’ve had time to see his friends – or to dedicate to the things
problematic dogs before that would try to run away he’s really interested in.
or whatever but I was never worried they would P: And what are the things you’re interested in? Can
try and attack someone. To be frank, Booster is so you give us an example?
aggressive it scares me, especially when he meets S: Sure. One of the most notable examples I can think
people he doesn’t know … It’s a nightmare just going of was when I was twelve. I wanted to build my own
for a walk with him – he’s totally unpredictable. computer. I became completely obsessed with it
M3: And if you can’t pull him into line, that’s saying and spent all day, every day, just finding out stuff, for
something. instance, getting the right parts and the best prices
W3: Well, I’ve tried everything, but to no avail. I’ve had and learning to put it all together. I was very proud
to swallow my pride and start with a dog trainer. of the final product, and I think it’s a prime example
Not individual lessons, mind you. I was advised to of the kind of thing you have time to do when

187

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 187 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

you’re homeschooled. If I’d been going to school, Dialogue 3

well, I guess I’d have given up, you know, there just M2: So I hear that your family will be moving on again
wouldn’t have been enough time to pursue the soon. How do you feel about that? You must find it
project. disruptive.
P: Thanks for speaking to us Scott. Well, that’s been G2: Well, it’s not unexpected. My mum’s company
our report on homeschooling. On our next edition, relocates her every three or four years. The company
we’ll be talking about … guidelines actually recommend that children go
to boarding school for exactly that reason – not to
disrupt their lives. I count myself lucky, though, that
Focus Review 2 my parents have kept me with them.
1.23 Exercise 9, page 27 M2: I bet. Surely modern education systems can cope
well enough nowadays with pupils changing schools
M1 = Man 1 W1 = Woman 1 G1 = Girl 1 B = Boy every now and again.
G2 = Girl 2 G2: What annoys me most is that people who don’t
Dialogue 1 move around the world as we do always make a big
M1: Ann! Haven’t seen you for ages! thing about moving schools being detrimental to
W1: I’ve been on back-to-back business trips for the last one’s education and interfering with the ability to
few months. Just drawing breath now! form lasting relationships. But, well, there’s more
M1: Well, you’ve got my sympathies. I suppose it all just than one way of being educated and I’ve yet to
merges into one huge airport and you only know hear any hard evidence of travel affecting one’s
where you are by looking at the name of the airport connection with other people!
when you get off the plane. Just dull! Rather you M2: Yeah, I’m not sure. But like I say, in this day and age
than me! I don’t see why it should be such a big deal. Plenty
W1: Well, you know, I find it really exhilarating! I’m in would probably argue that it’s even a good thing
international education so I work with schools in getting to meet new people and seeing new things.
different countries. It arouses all my do-gooding Anyway, I’m more interested to know which of the
instincts – I feel I really am making a difference to places you’ve been to has impressed you the most?
people’s lives and helping them achieve to the very G2: Oh everywhere has been pretty good. The
best of their abilities. place before this was Botswana, which was really
M1: That must be rewarding. interesting – I had a great time at school there.
W1: It’s incredibly rewarding and I’d never get that I love the outdoors too so that was good: from the
from an office job at home! And over the years I’ve Kalahari desert to the Okavango swamps! Awesome!
established very close relationships with people
from all walks of life, all over the world; not to
mention the huge variety of places I’ve seen. No,
travelling as I do is amazing! When I think how all Unit 3 Let’s eat
these people and places have enriched my life, I feel
very fortunate.
M1: Yes, I can see that it suits you, but I think I’ll keep
3.4 Language in Focus
travel for my holidays! 1.29 Exercises 2 and 3, page 33

Dialogue 2 A = Announcer
G1: Have you thought about your gap year? A: I’m sure a lot of you love eating all those unusual
B: Yes. I’m seriously considering going to North and dishes that form part of any trip to an exotic
South America and travelling. These places will be location. For example, you can try snake in China
so different culturally to what I can experience here. or you can gobble up insects like fried beetles in
And I think I can learn from their problems. Thailand or grasshoppers in Mexico. But did you
G1: That’s a huge area you’re talking about! It’s like know that some of these strange foods can actually
saying you can learn from Europe’s problems, be dangerous for you? For example, Jamaica’s
when Europe is actually made up of a multitude national fruit, the ackee, has to be fully ripe before
of individual countries each with their own distinct you eat it and its black seeds are toxic and bad for
problems! the blood, so are perhaps best avoided altogether.
B: Well, actually, a number of the issues you can see Likewise, in Brazil, many people like cassava, also
in Europe have their equivalents there. Look at known as tapioca, but when you eat this root
migration and ethnic population mix, for example. vegetable make sure to peel and cook it thoroughly
I don’t think the roots of these problems can – raw it is poisonous! You can die! And one of
be essentially too different. And it doesn’t hurt the creepiest dangerous foods is sannakji from
to expose oneself to different cultures and just Korea, in case you’re wondering – this is raw baby
to admire some of the most amazing natural octopus. The thing is alive even when you chop off
phenomena in the world. When else am I going to its tentacles, they carry on moving and can even
see the Grand Canyon or go up the Amazon into the stick to your mouth and throat so that you choke.
rainforest? So, if you must eat this – make sure to chew before
G1: Aha, that’s what’s really behind it. You just want swallowing!
to be a tourist! Don’t you think that if all these But did you know that you don’t need to travel
issues exist here on your own doorstep, it’s more to encounter potentially dangerous foods? For
worthwhile to stay and work for a local NGO? After example, you might not think twice about reaching
all, you’re not going to get that chance again either! for a few nuts when someone hands out a bowl of

188

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 188 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

cashews. But did you know that raw cashews (the it just wasn’t the same. I think they must have used
ones you buy in the shops are not raw but have old oil or something, because everything was really
been steamed to have a poisonous chemical taken stodgy and tasted horrible. It’s disappointing when
out) are really bad for your stomach? So, don’t eat you’re imagining one taste and you get another one,
cashews unless you’re absolutely sure of the source. which is nowhere near as nice, but I guess even the
Yes, that innocent looking nut can be fatal. You have best places end up going downhill sometimes.
been warned! S5: There’s this really nice stall where we go to get
crepes but it’s so popular you usually have to line
up right round the corner. Even so, people carry on
3.5 Listening going; I regularly go there with my friends. We really
1.30 Exercises 3 and 4, page 34 like the sweet ones with cream, melted chocolate,
banana and so on. Anyway, trouble is I’m on this
S1 = Speaker 1 S2 = Speaker 2 S3 = Speaker 3 diet now so I’m cutting back on sugar and I wanted
S4 = Speaker 4 S5 = Speaker 5 a savoury one with just low-fat cheese and fresh
S1: I’d never tried oysters before but I was on vacation spinach … and I asked for mine to be made without
on the east coast of the US and they’re everywhere. butter and the guy who makes them went nuts and
You can even pick them up at street stalls. Anyway, was really rude about it. He said that he couldn’t do
I plucked up the courage and took my first taste and it with that number of people waiting. I was shocked
actually I quite liked it – well, to tell the truth, it was – it wasn’t so much to ask, especially as we’re always
a bit bland – so I tried another, but this time with there!
Tabasco sauce to give it a bit more kick. It certainly
worked – but within minutes, I started feeling really
awful … I mean really ill. My mouth felt as if it Focus Review 3
was on fire, but it wasn’t just the hot sauce; I think
1.33 Exercise 9, page 39
those oysters were probably off or old. Anyway, it
was enough to put me off oysters forever, and I’ll S1 = Speaker 1 S2 = Speaker 2 S3 = Speaker 3
certainly think twice before eating street food again. S4 = Speaker 4 S5 = Speaker 5
S2: I’m Mexican, so you know I was brought up on tacos. S1: When I left college, I got an office job and now I’m
Now I’m living in the UK and it’s hard to find them, pretty much sitting at a desk all day. So I joined
at least decent ones. But the other day a friend a local gym and began to feel much fitter but
recommended this takeaway place. I had a feeling I started to get bored of the routine. Then I heard
ahead of time that it wouldn’t be any good, but about the Free Swimming Society that encourages
they still managed to disappoint! The tacos were people to ‘get back to the joy of swimming under
downright unpleasant – the corn tortillas weren’t an open sky’, as they say. Well, I grew up in a village
fresh, and the salsa was all sweet and sticky like and as kids we used to swim in the local river
tomato ketchup and worst of all it wasn’t spicy at all. so I decided to join. And now I’m a regular ‘wild
Plus the meat seemed to be old – it was all stringy swimmer’. Swimming is fantastic exercise but the
and tasted weird. I picked at them for a while but best thing is connecting with nature again. It makes
they were so bad I couldn’t finish them. It made me you feel so energised and joyful.
realise how difficult it is to recreate the true flavours S2: I’ve always been a sporty person and I’m quite
of our cuisine abroad. It’s down to the scarcity of attracted to extreme sports. I’d done traditional
authentic ingredients, I guess. This was more like parachute jumping. But I felt I wanted to push myself
Tex-Mex cuisine really. Ah … It was pretty painful and try something that was potentially more risky.
when the bill came and I had to pay up. I should So I decided to move on to sky diving – that’s when
have known better. you go into free fall before opening the parachute.
S3: I have rather conventional tastes, I suppose – I’m The first time was probably the most nerve-wracking
not ashamed to admit that burgers are my favourite experience I’ve ever had. We went up to 10,000 feet
takeaway food, and I’m not fussy about where I go before the instructor opened the plane door. But
either – I’ll eat any kind of burger. But you know, it then it felt so good in free fall. I enjoyed it so much
costs a fortune to dine out all the time so I thought I started training for my licence. It’s expensive but
I’d have a go at preparing some burgers for me it’s worth every penny for the sheer exhilaration. It’s
and my mates at home. Well, it was an absolute the ultimate high. Everyone should try it.
disaster. You’d think it’d be a fairly simple thing but S3: When I was growing up, girls weren’t expected
I managed to mess it up completely – the burgers to play football. But I used to kick a ball around
were tough, the onions burnt and the bread rolls with my brothers and I fell in love with the game.
were stale so we ended up having to throw the They inspired me to join the school team. Being
whole lot out. I was really disappointed. I think I’ll go a young female footballer was tough and I got lots
back to eating out in future! of sarcastic comments from the boys. It was the
S4: They say it’s going out of fashion but I still love fish 2012 Olympic Games in London that really altered
and chips – it’s a uniquely British dining experience. people’s preconceptions about women’s football.
There’s nothing like it when you can’t be bothered Before, I never told people I was a footballer. Now
to cook and you want something quick. Trouble is I love saying it! Playing football professionally
some places are good, the fish is tasty and the chips involves sacrifice but you can’t imagine how great
are crispy, but in other places everything is really you feel when you’ve played really well and you
greasy and soggy. The other day, I went to my local win! I’d encourage more girls to believe football is
chippy to get a takeaway and I found that the place something for them to enjoy.
had changed hands. I ordered my usual anyway but

189

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 189 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

S4: I decided to take up running to get fit, and I enjoyed Dialogue 2

it, but if you’re just running for the sake of it, it’s easy W2: You know, I’m probably the only person I know
to get discouraged and give up. I felt having a goal who’s not into social media. I miss real conversations
to work towards would help so I decided I would run face to face, don’t you? We seem to have lost the
the London Marathon and fundraise for charity. I got habit.
a charity place for a children’s organisation and that M2: I agree, but then when you are face to face, it’s
encouraged me to continue my training even when sometimes no better … It drives me potty the
the weather was awful! On race day, you’re part of way you see some people flick through Facebook
a team and there’s a great sense of comradeship. on their phones while other people are trying to
What’s truly rewarding when you run for charity is engage them in conversation. It seems downright
knowing you’re helping real people and changing rude to me.
lives. Now I’m training for my fourth marathon! W2: I guess it’s OK for people who live faraway from
S5: When I was sixteen, I developed back problems, each other so they can keep in touch. But when
which meant I couldn’t take part in sports or physical you’re right there, well, I just don’t get it. And ‘liking’
activities at school, and I started to feel quite something is so easy – people ‘like’ things they
depressed. The physiotherapist recommended haven’t even read. It requires so little attention and
taking up yoga classes to help strengthen my back commitment and the words have no depth. I think it
muscles. With a good teacher, yoga is a safe way cheapens human contact, honestly … and just don’t
to increase physical activity and doing it regularly get me started on texting!
helps you get in tune with your body and develop M2: Personally, I want to erase myself from all this social
your physical strength. But it doesn’t just boost your media, but that’s actually a real pain in the neck
physical well-being. When I started, I just wanted to do. I mean it’s surprisingly difficult to disappear
to get stronger but actually it’s helped me to learn completely from a social network once you’re
more about myself and my feelings and as a result registered.
I’ve achieved a much more positive outlook on life. It W2: I hear there’s an app that permanently deletes you
changed my life. from all that stuff and leaves no trace. As if your
Facebook profile had never existed …
M2: Oh, really? Sounds like just what I need!

Unit 4 The new thing Dialogue 3

W3: Books are unique, aren’t they? Unwinding with
a good book always cheers me up. There’s no finer
4.5 Listening feeling, you know? Really savouring a book and
2.6 Exercises 2 and 3, page 46 not caring about anything else. I really think they’re
objects of desire …
M1 = Man 1 W1 = Woman 1 W2 = Woman 2 M3: And, you don’t think the same joy can be got from
M2 = Man 2 W3 = Woman 3 M3 = Man 3 an e-reader? I mean, the act of reading is the same.
Dialogue 1 Maybe they are not as romantic but they are much
M1: So the other day I got my new bank card through more practical. Can you imagine going on holiday
the mail and it’s one of those contactless ones – you with all those piles of books again when you can
just place it on the handset; you don’t have to input have them all on one device?
your pin number or anything. The only thing is the W3: I’m not fussed about the weight to be honest, and
maximum transaction is twenty pounds, which is when you’re finished, you can give them to your
a bit of a hassle. friends. It enriches the whole experience to be able
W1: Well, for little stuff, like if you’re in a rush and just to share.
grabbing a coffee or whatever, it’s great, and people M3: Well, I’m sorry but I don’t go anywhere without my
want that nowadays. But what happens if somebody e-reader now. It’s positively addictive and I can read
nicks your card? That’d bother me. it anywhere. And when I want a new book, I can
M1: It’s bizarre how things have changed over time. Like, download it right there and then and start reading
you know, you used to swipe your card and then it immediately, which means I am actually reading
sign to pay for something, and then we had chip more now. It’s amazing. You should try it for yourself.
and pin, and now we’ve got to the point where we W3: Oh … They just don’t appeal to me. Just compare
just tap our cards. It feels like I barely have time to reading the printed page with that screen glaring
get used to one technology before the next one is at you all the time … We have too many screens,
introduced. anyway. We don’t need another one.
W1: Even chip and pin worried me because I thought if M3: Now, you’re just being old-fashioned!
somebody was looking over my shoulder, they could
see my number. I think it’s getting less safe, and
wanting everything so fast means we’re getting lazy 4.6 Speaking
– just like with the cards.
M1: We’re certainly living in a world where we want 2.8 Exercises 2 and 3, page 47
everything instantly. It’s like those travel cards that ST = Stef SA = Sarah L = Lyndon
you can top up on the go. That’s what these cards ST: Hello again. This week on Tech Report, Sarah and
are about – being quick and convenient. Lyndon are going to be talking about two relatively
W1: But that means compromising sometimes – and new tech solutions. Sarah, let’s start with you.
that’s not always a good trade-off. SA: Hi, Stef. Well, last weekend, me and some friends
went to a new Asian restaurant that had these great
touch screen menus.
190

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 190 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

ST: There’s nothing new in that, is there? I mean something wrong.

I’ve seen plenty of menus on tablets in lots of W1: It’s not easy, is it? They tend to put way too much
restaurants in town. information on any one page. And there’s all this
SA: Well, yes, you’re right of course but this was other stuff being offered too – pages and pages of
different. They were actually part of the table. We car hire, hotels for rent, travel insurance. It’s just an
used them to choose and order our meal and they attempt at ripping you off.
told us how long it’d be before we had the dishes on M1: Oh, I’m not so sure. While it is probably another
the table. form of income for the airline, personally I never
ST: Hmm … I worry about the touch screens being in travel without insurance. It’s best to be safe than
contact with food. That doesn’t sound like a good sorry I always say and it can be a hassle to try
idea to me! and sort it out with another company on another
SA: You’ve got a point, though they seemed pretty well website. I reckon plenty of people find the car hire
protected to me. And they made the whole ordering and accommodation services pretty handy too.
process so much quicker. I mean that can’t be bad, W1: Well, I think it’s just a scam. And it just adds to the
can it? I hate having to wait in restaurants! Don’t pain of the whole experience.
you?
ST: Absolutely! I’m totally with you on that – I hate Dialogue 2
waiting too! Maybe they’re not such a bad idea after M2: Have you tried that music website yet I was talking
all! about? It’s awesome. They’ve got so much stuff
Lyndon, what about you? What tech wonders have on there and you can listen to a new album within
you seen this week? seconds.
L: Well, again, the basic concept is nothing new – W2: No, I must admit I haven’t. I don’t see the big deal to
virtual mirrors have been part of online clothes be honest.
shopping for some time now but this was the first M2: That’s cos you haven’t tried it. Really. I’m discovering
time I’d seen one in a real life shop. new bands all the time. You can read their bios, access
ST: So what’s the difference? their whole discographies. But what’s got me hooked
L: Well, the screen is much bigger, just like a normal is this feature which points you in the direction of lots
mirror. You stand in front of it and you see the whole of bands similar to those that you like.
length of your body. Then you choose the clothes W2: Call me a technophobe if you like but I prefer
you want from a menu on the screen and the ‘mirror’ something physical when I buy something – like a CD
automatically shows you what they’d look like on you. or a record. In fact, vinyl’s making a big comeback.
ST: I can see the point if you’re shopping online, but It has more soul and ‘warmth’ than digital music.
when you’re actually in the shop, you can just use Plus, for me it’s more ritualistic – going to the shop,
the changing rooms, can’t you? choosing carefully, then going home and listening
L: I’m sorry I really don’t agree with you here. I think to it while studying the album art. It’s all part of the
they can be really useful. You can look through the music buying experience. Besides, you hear those
fashions much more quickly than if you were looking stories about the bands never seeing any of the
through the rails, and you can combine them with money, which really should be against the law …
shoes and accessories that you might have at home.
Dialogue 3
It gives you a much better idea.
M3: Remember I told you about that online course I’m
ST: Do you think we’re going to see virtual mirrors in
doing? Well, it’s not going well.
high street fashion stores any time soon? I can’t see
W3: Really? Why? You were so looking forward to it a few
it happening myself.
weeks back. You wouldn’t recommend it then?
L: I agree it’s unlikely to work in busy chain stores but
M3: No. I would. Don’t get me wrong – I’m learning
in smaller, more exclusive boutiques, I think it’ll be
loads. I know the administration have their roles to
a hit.
fulfill and everybody else seems to be happy but
ST: Hmm, I’m afraid I’m not so sure. I definitely prefer
I’ve never done a course like this before and the way
the menus!
things work just leave me all a bit confused. Even the
SA: I’ve got to agree with you. They’re more fun!
homepage is like a maze to me. I probably should
ST: That’s all we have time for this week but we’ll be
have done a bit more research before I started.
back next week with a whole new episode of Tech
W3: It’ll be fine. I’m sure it’ll get easier. You’ve only just
Report. And if you like the show, why not consider
started after all. And besides, what other options
liking us on Facebook or telling a friend. Bye for now!
do you have? You could write to administration for
assistance or contact one of the other students
Focus Review 4 and ask them for some help I suppose. I suspect
they’ll only give you the same advice as me though.
2.9 Exercise 9, page 51 Dropping out’s not a good option as I’m sure you
W1 = Woman 1 M1 = Man 1 M2 = Man 2 won’t get your money back. I say just keep your
W2 = Woman 2 M3 = Man 3 W3 = Woman 3 head down and do the best you can.
Dialogue 1
W1: Don’t let me forget to do my online check-in before
I leave tomorrow.
M1: Well, leave plenty of time. I always find those web
pages a nightmare to navigate and it takes me ages.
Click here, fill here, read this regulation, tick the box
down there … I get so worried as well about getting

191

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 191 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

Unit 5 All in a day’s work H: Carole, you must have some stories to tell about
people you’ve interviewed. Are there any you can
share with us and how did you feel about them?
5.5 Listening C: Well, once, I was interviewing a young woman for
an important promotion. She was a good candidate
2.15 Exercises 3 and 4, page 58
and she showed great resourcefulness in her
H = Host J = Jonathan C = Carole work. But she did this really off-putting thing – she
H: Hello and welcome to Talking Business. Today, as mimicked my body language. You know, every time
part of our series on helping people get work, we’re I crossed my legs, she crossed hers, when I raised
discussing job interviews with psychologist Jonathan my voice, she raised hers. It became so distracting
Henson and company director Carole Jonson. that I had to pause the interview and tell her. Of
Jonathan – you’ve made a study of interview course she was quite embarrassed but she managed
techniques and what makes some people successful to explain that she’d read that it was a good strategy
and others not. What would you say is the most for success in an interview. Part of me wanted to
important thing people should do to prepare for laugh but I also appreciated her sincerity. After that,
a job interview? she was more natural and she landed the job! It
J: Well, thinking through your answers and doing shows that you can over-prepare.
plenty of research about the business and the H: Finally, what’s the one piece of advice you both feel
position you’re applying for go without saying – is vital for success in the interview situation?
ultimately there’s nothing more you can do about J: Well, adaptability is certainly important. If you can’t
the direction the interview itself might take. I think react and evolve to the questions and environment,
cultivating self-assurance plays a very big role – that can make interviews very tricky. And this is
this will help you act as if you’re confident when actually related in some ways to authenticity, which
answering questions, though clearly without going I think is crucial. Of course you need to be prepared,
overboard or pretending you can do things you but don’t go in having learnt your lines and try to fit
can’t! them into every answer. You know, there’s nothing
H: Carole, you must have interviewed countless wrong with saying what comes into your head –
potential employees. What is the first thing you look that’s your voice after all.
for when a prospective employee walks into the C: Well, I think persistence is helpful. Halfway through
room? the interview, some people become discouraged
C: Well, many things can affect one’s perception of and think ‘Oh, I’m doing really badly here. I’ve failed
a person. Of course, you shouldn’t be rude – I think this …’ and your perception can be totally wrong …
that is pretty obvious. I know that some people say But, yes, being yourself is vital. Say what you think,
looking attractive is crucial because it gives you not what you’ve been told to say. An interviewer will
confidence, and I used to think appearance and how always appreciate that honesty.
you dressed were all-important. But I’ve come to
think that attitude is the key. I’d say be enthusiastic
… If you show keenness, an interviewer is more likely 5.6 Speaking
to take you on. 2.17 Exercises 2 and 3, page 59
H: People often commit errors in job interviews
through nerves. How do you both regard that? C = Counsellor M = Monica
J: It’s important not to dwell on your mistakes, but C: Come in, come in. Was the journey OK? Make
learn from them. And the odd slip is not the end yourself at home.
of the world. We’re all human after all. That said, M: Yes, it was good, thanks. I’m Monica Wilson.
willingness to admit your missteps is very important C: Nice to meet you. My name is Janet, Janet Short. I’m
and will be appreciated by the interviewer. And just gonna start by asking you a few questions about
while confidence is important, avoid being self- the kinds of jobs you’re interested in doing, now and
aggrandising or boastful. in the future …
C: I’m not so sure … I think mistakes are generally to be M: OK, sounds good. And thanks for letting me come
avoided, especially as even small mistakes can reveal and talk to you today.
a lack of seriousness. But it’s also good to be aware C: No problem, that’s what we’re here for. So, what
of your limitations, and weaknesses, and I’d have initial ideas do you have?
to agree that a lack of humility is a very negative M: Well, let me see … I’ve studied Biology and I like
characteristic. animals a lot, so I might perhaps be interested in
H: Jonathan, you’ve helped many interviewees deal some work experience as a vet.
with the psychological challenges of an interview. C: Do you see yourself as a vet? I mean is that a career
How important do you think this is? you’d like to follow?
J: Well, I think it’s important to keep things in M: I’ve never really thought about it before, not quite
proportion. Every interview is important and it’s like that anyway … but maybe yes. Why do you ask?
natural to be nervous – indeed I think for most C: Well if you like animals, it might be a good choice.
people having no nerves is unrealistic and striving But I should warn you that you have to study a lot.
to do so could even be potentially detrimental. On You need to be really committed.
the other hand, if you tell yourself that this job is the M: Erm, to tell you the truth, I’m not quite sure yet. I just
most important thing in the world and that it will be thought that if I got some holiday work in a local vet,
a tragedy if you don’t get it, then that’s only going I could see what it’s like for myself.
to increase your stress and make things worse. C: Yes, well, then that could be an option if there is
a vet nearby who would be interested in taking you
on. Are there any other jobs that appeal to you?
192

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 192 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

M: Actually, it’s kind of a tough one … you think with your heart or your mind? You chose
C: Why’s that? options a), b) and d), which puts you very clearly
M: Well, all I know is that I’m only seventeen and I’m not in the mind category. That makes you a real tough
quite sure which path I want to take but my sister has cookie, willing to sell your own grandmother to seal
kind of been an inspiration for me in this way. a deal, ha.
C: In what way? R: Yeah, that’s me, Marcia. Ruthless to the core, ha, ha.
M: She kind of showed me that you don’t necessarily In truth though it’s probably not far off the mark.
have to do a lot of school work to get a good job. She I certainly think if someone isn’t pulling their weight,
started out as a chef’s apprentice and is now quite something should be done about it. I believe in
a well-known chef. I guess it’s the opposite to the vet giving people time to adapt and as you know, I’m
option, because there’s hardly any studying involved. a pretty patient kind of guy, but I was more than
C: But you don’t want to do exactly the same thing as happy to see the back of Rodgers when they decided
her, do you? not to renew his contract. I know he was a nice
M: Well, I don’t necessarily see why not … Or at least enough guy and all but he didn’t contribute much,
something similar to what she’s done – where you did he? He was on a good salary too by all accounts.
don’t have to study too much – that appeals to me Somebody upstairs made the right call there.
as well. M: I had more of a problem with the fact that not only
C: So, something like …? was he given so much time to adapt but he was also
M: Erm … that’s an interesting question … Perhaps sent on training courses to improve his performance
become a hairdresser or something like that. which, quite frankly, was both time and money
C: OK … but there’s not much room for promotion wasted on him. Having said that, unlike some I could
there. mention, he did have some interesting ideas. He’s
M: Well, it depends on what you mean by promotion. probably an ideas man but in all honesty he wasn’t
I mean, what about if I opened my own salon …? really suited to this type of work and I agree that the
C: Yes, good point … decision to let him go was a valid one.
R: Let’s look at the final category. Planners versus
Improvisers. Hmmm. We’ve come out different
Focus Review 5 again here. You’re a planner – which fits in with the
2.18 Exercise 9, page 63 rest of your profile. You’re meticulous, you don’t like
surprises and you’re dependable and very punctual.
M = Marcia R = Rob You have to agree with that!
M: So, Rob? Do we make a good team? M: I do. And I hate time-wasting in meetings. But I also
R: Well Marcia, according to this test I’m what they think too much time can be spent over-preparing
call a doer while you’re a thinker. Looking at these and I need deadlines to get me going so the
different attributes, I agree with the result to some weighting of answers here seems to be leaning more
extent. What do you think? towards the planner. I really don’t think we can learn
M: I definitely prefer to sit and listen rather than say much from this final category given that.
much in meetings – that’s there. And I don’t like R: Yeah, and despite agreeing with you on some of
being the centre of attention so that’s correct. I did the choices here I’m an improviser apparently. I’m
think that was more to do with being introverted at a loss to explain that. I’m incredibly punctual and
rather than my being a thinker – but hey, I’m no also like to be well-prepared. Oh well, it does seem
expert. And do I tend to reflect on ideas rather than though that overall we make a pretty good team. So,
take action? I guess so. a pretty accurate test despite a few unconvincing
R: I’d agree. When we work together you’re prone to answers here and there. I did one last month on
being rather quiet but you always have something management styles which was spot on and really
valuable to say once everybody has put their ideas helped me think about the decisions I make.
forward. M: Maybe it’s just me, Rob, but I have trouble accepting
M: Maybe. I’m not so sure. Anyway, according to the the results. Whether they are accurate or not they
next category I’m a details person – the same generalise too much. I mean, how much can you
as you. That means, let me see, ah yes: we both really find out based on the answers to such a limited
think realistically and prefer practical solutions to number of closed questions. Still, companies like to
problems rather than thinking outside the box. And waste their money on them and if they think they’re
we both tend to focus on details rather than take useful then who am I to say otherwise.
a more holistic approach. That’s not good – we need
someone more resourceful to compensate for our
lack of originality – an ideas person!
R: OK. But on the other hand there’s less likely to be Unit 6 Journeys
conflict if we think along the same lines. Surely that’s
important in any team. The idea that we shouldn’t get
bogged down in details is an interesting one though.
6.3 Grammar
Remember that Higgins account we had? We spent 2.24 Exercises 2 and 3, page 68
days and days persevering with solutions to those
little issues that we completely failed to think about PR = Presenter PA = Patrick
the bigger concerns. We fell well behind schedule PR: … We’re all familiar with the great pyramids of Giza
and failed to meet the deadline, remember? and the ruins of Machu Picchu but Patrick Marks
M: I remember. But I’m more inclined to take these decided to go off the beaten track to visit lesser
types of test with a pinch of salt. For example, do known sites …

193

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 193 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

PA: … The thirty-kilometre taxi ride from Cairo to Djoser Actually getting to them all would have taken ages,
pyramid was not as uncomfortable a journey as too! I guess that was the bottom line for me – my job
I thought it would be. And, unlike the great pyramid is demanding and I value my leisure time so I need
of Giza, which seemed to get less and less awe- to use what time I have wisely. I admit to a certain
inspiring the closer I got – indeed I admit to being nervousness before leaving because the sea can get
more disappointed than impressed by the time we rough but I soon got over that.
reached the base – the smaller and lesser known S2: I hate being told what to do and where to go on
pyramid of Djoser was such a magnificent sight that holiday because my working life is so organised.
the feeling was one of being awestruck rather than I love surfing and last summer my mate and
merely impressed. The relative absence of tourists I planned a trip where we played it by ear, just rolling
a stark reminder that the more remote the place, the up at beaches as we chose. I bought a camper van
greater the impression. to make this easy, although it was pricey. As we had
Next on my list was a trip to Moray, Peru, which, no particular destination in mind, we kept our eye
unlike Machu Picchu, is an ancient Inca site more on social media to check where the good surf was.
agricultural than residential – serving basically as I was looking forward to it but there was a surprising
a giant farming laboratory. Unfortunately, it was such amount of hassle trying to find inexpensive places
a dark night when we arrived that we had to wait to camp overnight – that spoiled it really. That’s the
until the next day before we could see anything – problem of travelling on a shoestring. I plan to sell
meaning I was not so much excited as impatient to the van and do something different next year.
view our intended destination. Still, as we looked S3: My friend and I are quite different in what we want
down into the giant pit as the sun rose at dawn … from a vacation. Though we both love seeing new
places, he likes to do active stuff while I’m happy
to lie on a beach reading. To satisfy both of us, we
6.4 Language in Focus decided to fly to Los Angeles and hire a car so we
2.25 Exercise 2, page 69 could get off the beaten track, especially into the
mountains. The only thing was some of the roads we
JT = Janet B = Ben JS = James M = Marta ended up driving on had very big drop-offs. I was
S = Sandy P = Paula too frightened to drive along them so my friend had
Dialogue 1 to do it all. We did do sightseeing stuff in the cities,
JT: OK, here we are, 16A and 16B. Which seat do you which predictably we both enjoyed.
want, the window or the aisle? S4: I went on an all-inclusive holiday last summer at this
B: Whichever, I don’t mind, you choose. amazing spa. There were pampering treatments
JT: OK, thanks. I’ll take the window … but first I’m going of course but also loads of different things I could
to the dining carriage to get a coffee. Can I get you do for fitness – take a dip, do yoga, go mountain
something? biking, stuff like that. I wasn’t sure I wanted to go
B: Yes, a coffee would be great, thanks. at first. What swung it for me was not that friends
who’d done something similar said how good an
Dialogue 2 experience it was but that I was able to pay for
JS: However did you manage to park in there?! That everything in advance. I’m hopeless at budgeting!
space is tiny! My spa resort happened to be way up in the
M: I don’t really know! I just did it. It’s pretty impressive, mountains – isolated and stunningly beautiful – so
isn’t it? I could disconnect from everything that normally
JS: It sure is! But are you going to be able to get out? gets me down. It was great for unwinding and
M: I can only try! reducing tension! By chance, I met lovely people,
Dialogue 3 too, and I’ve kept in touch with them ever since.
S: It’s such a long journey. Is it really worth it, do you S5: Last year, I needed to do something different, even
think? I mean whatever form of transport we choose, if it was challenging. And that was certainly how
it’s gonna to take us at least ten hours. And it’s so it turned out but I have no regrets! My friend and
expensive! I settled on a trek in Iceland, where the volcanic
P: No, it isn’t actually, not at the moment. Look, there’s landscapes were so incredible we had to pinch
a great offer for this weekend! Come on, you know ourselves to believe they were real. Although we
it’s worth it! expected a feeling of getting away from it all, the
S: OK, whatever – book the flights then! fact that hardly any of our friends had been there
was what really motivated us. Trekking was certainly
hard going with the backpacks. Luckily by staying
6.5 Listening in shelters each night, we were able to travel fairly
light. As we’d booked each shelter in advance, we
2.26 Exercises 2 and 3, page 70 were told we always had to reach the next one or
S1 = Speaker 1 S2 = Speaker 2 S3 = Speaker 3 lose the money so we had to walk every day. But
S4 = Speaker 4 S5 = Speaker 5 at least this meant we came across lots of other
S1: My friends talked about taking a cruise – that it was trekkers with colourful stories to tell!
great for seeing places without taking risks – and I’d
actually wanted to give it a go for a while. I could
imagine the excitement of waking up somewhere
new every morning! I opted to cruise around South
America, which took me to incredible locations
I could only have reached after hours of planning.
194

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 194 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

6.6 Speaking That meant quite a lot of extra running about that
left little time to be bored. Hopefully though next
2.29 Exercises 2 and 3, page 71 time I go back I’ll be able to get out and about more
T1 = Teen 1 T2 = Teen 2 and see some sights. I do think I’ll try and establish
T1: So, let’s have a look at these photos of holidays, contact with Lauren again, though.
then … What do they have in common? Well, S2: I’d considered it a great opportunity to catch up
I can see a number of similarities in Photos B with an old buddy. I had a few days off work and we
and C. They’re both holidays you can do quite hadn’t seen each other for years. We both work in
cheaply – sightseeing and camping. The tourists sales and are quite busy in general but at this time of
in the city, the sightseers, in Photo B are obviously year business can be a little slow. It was all quite last
backpackers. They’re probably staying in hostels, minute if truth be told and the tickets were cheap
that kind of place, and they’re probably on a pretty but there was no predicting such a freak storm at
tight budget. These two photos are also alike my end. What with the delays and all, by the time
because these are holidays that young people with I landed in Munich my next flight was already in the
limited funds might like. air. Of course it was too late to cancel everything so
On the other hand, Photo A differs from the others I decided to make the most of being in a new city
in some key ways. First of all, it’s a very specialised and turned it into a little sightseeing trip.
holiday for physically fit people. Scaling a peak as S3: I’ve always had an amateur interest in robotics so
high as the one in the photograph requires a certain when I heard about the exhibition I decided I had
set of skills if it is going to be done properly and to go. It’s really big business nowadays and all the
safely. There are other notable differences too … experts in Europe would be there so it was a great
You can imagine how much all that equipment costs, opportunity to learn something new. I looked into
meaning this is definitely a holiday for someone flying initially but that was beyond my means and
who doesn’t have to worry too much about money. I was thinking of cancelling. But then a friend put
It also takes place largely in a single location, as me onto car sharing where you find someone going
compared to a sightseeing holiday, for example, to your destination and share costs. A great deal
during which you’re probably moving around a lot I thought. But when I saw the state of the vehicle
from city to city, or country to country, you know I must admit I can’t say I was optimistic. In actual fact
like doing a tour on InterRail … That’s much more we barely made it to the border before the trouble
dynamic because it lets you see lots of things started.
quite quickly. The mountaineering holiday is also S4: Since moving abroad I haven’t been able to see
dissimilar in that it probably requires a great deal friends or family so often. So when my sister
of preparation and a predetermined schedule. In decided to tie the knot I thought I’d better book
contrast, on the sightseeing holiday you’re much a flight and catch up with everyone. The fact that
freer to do what you want when you want. You can my passport had expired caused an initial panic as
decide to go somewhere else whenever you like – obviously without that I’d never get through customs
it’s for spontaneous people who want to choose for or out of the airport. Fortunately, the embassy were
themselves. really helpful and issued me with an emergency
T2: I agree with you, but talking about freedom, there travel document in no time. The time difference was
are differences between holidays B and C as well. a right pain for a few days and it took some time to
On the sightseeing holiday, you’d be surrounded adjust but by the day of the ceremony I was back
by people, whereas on the camping holiday, the to normal, had a wonderful day and I even bumped
people obviously want to be on their own. You into some old friends I hadn’t seen in ages.
know that the people want to be alone because S5: Me and my friends have been meaning to go for
they could have gone to a campsite and been ages. So when we saw that this year the festival
with others but instead they chose to go to a very was taking place just over the border we thought
wild location. Unlike the sightseers, these people we’d make a trip out of it. One of my friends even
want real peace and tranquillity, just walking in the knows somebody who lives in Berlin who offered
country and relaxing. Another crucial difference is us his floor to crash on so costs were minimal. So
that, unlike Photo B, this is a holiday about being out we were on the train and about halfway there when
in the wilderness, at one with nature, leaving the city we got the message that he had to leave town for
behind and enjoying the silence. a funeral. He was very apologetic and all but of
course, with such a big event in town everything was
fully booked. It’s not the first time I’ve slept in a train
Focus Review 6 station but hopefully the last.
2.30 Exercise 9, page 75
S1 = Speaker 1 S2 = Speaker 2 S3 = Speaker 3
S4 = Speaker 4 S5 = Speaker 5 Unit 7 Express yourself
S1: It was the first time I’d been back to Paris since my
university days when I’d visited an old friend, Lauren. 7.2 Reading
We’ve lost touch now and I’m not sure she’s still
there – besides, what with having to organise the 3.5 Exercise 2, page 78
meetings, refreshments and all the accommodation P = Presenter S = Speaker
arrangements I probably wouldn’t have had time P: Now on Art Attack it’s time for our regular
to socialise anyway. The conference room being feature ‘Two-minute Histories’. Today’s subject?
double-booked didn’t help either, let me tell you. Performance Poetry.
195

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 195 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

S: Spoken poetry has its roots in pre-literate societies. somewhat to my surprise – I had gained quite a few
In ancient Greece, epic poems like Homer’s Odyssey readers and they were more than happy to help
were recited to music by a poet-singer. Their finance me and keen for me to continue expressing
poetry spoke of subjects of love, war and peace, my feelings without compromise. But for their
relationships with the gods and grief and loss. support I wouldn’t have been able to keep going.
The advent of printing in the fifteenth century P: And grateful we are to those contributors. Should
changed the role of the poet from entertainer to you wish to follow the adventures of Sarah, she’s
provider of written texts and transformed many going back on the road in a few weeks and you can
listeners into solitary readers. find her blog on www …
The Beat movement was an American literary
movement originating in the 1950s. Beat poets like
Allen Ginsberg brought poetry ‘back to the streets’ 7.5 Listening
with spoken-word performances. 3.8 Exercises 3 and 4, page 82
‘Open mic’ nights, introduced in the 1980s, allowed
unknown poets to perform their own work on stage M1 = Man 1 W1 = Woman 1 W2 = Woman 2
and led to the development of ‘poetry slams’, where M2 = Man 2 W3 = Woman 3 M3 = Man 3
competitors were given a time limit to present their Dialogue 1
work to a set of judges. M1: The skateboard park is such a cool place! Why would
Arising from urban unrest in the US in the 1970s anyone want to get rid of it?
and 80s, rap and hip-hop led to new ways for non- W1: Well, there are major redevelopment plans for this
traditional poets to showcase their skills. whole area, and to be honest, it does need to be
Performance poetry is one of the most popular cleaned up a bit – it’s been around a long time!
forms of poetry today. Contemporary performance There’s not much else for us skateboarders at the
poets are achieving new levels of prominence thanks moment so at least the developers are offering to
to YouTube and other online media outlets. create a new site under the bridge even though it’ll
cost them a lot.
M1: The park perhaps does look a bit old and a bit
7.3 Grammar of modernising wouldn’t hurt. But people have
been skateboarding here for forty years so it’s like
3.7 Exercises 2 and 3, page 80
a museum to the sport – a new park wouldn’t be the
P = Presenter S = Sarah same. The property developers claim they need to
P: I’d like to welcome to the studio Sarah Mills who build shops and restaurants on it to bring in more
took a gap year to go travelling and share her money to the area and support local residents,
thoughts and feelings on a blog so that friends, though I’m not convinced. I went to this public
family – and anyone else for that matter – could consultation where they set out the nuts and bolts
follow the ups and downs of her exploits. Welcome of the redevelopment and described the purpose-
to the studio Sarah. built skatepark. They didn’t accept any questions
S: Thank you. from skateboarders like us and they made it seem
P: Tell me first. What initially prompted you to go like a done deal. Well, they’ll soon find they’ve got
globe-trotting and record your thoughts on a blog? a legal battle on their hands!
S: Well, I’d always enjoyed travelling and found it a very W1: I bet you’ll get a lot of backing from the whole
emotional experience. But whereas traditional travel skateboarding community!
blogs and programmes seem to focus on what you
see and do and not how it makes you feel, I decided Dialogue 2
to focus on the latter and use the blog as a means W2: Have you seen the development plans on the town
to share the full gamut of different feelings you can website?
experience on the road. To be honest, I thought M2: Yes – and I won’t miss the skateboarding park if they
to myself nobody’ll read it whether I recommend do get rid of it. There are all these important cultural
sites or not. Which basically meant that I was free to institutions around here – concert halls, theatres –
express my true feelings as well as any doubts I had and then there’s that eyesore! I have no idea why
when I found myself in let’s say somewhat difficult people like rushing around on concrete bumps on
circumstances. a bit of wood with wheels – they’re so noisy! It’ll be
P: But the blog did become popular and eventually great to be able to walk past here and have a normal
came in handy for another purpose. conversation on the way back to the office without
S: That’s right. I decided to try to raise some money shouting.
via a crowdfunding site – you know, where W2: What do you think’ll happen with the legal battle? It
I could appeal for funds to finance my venture. seems to be hotting up – there were lots of articles
Unfortunately I got very little response. A few travel on both sides in the paper last week.
companies told me that had I contacted them M2: The skateboarders have a persuasive argument,
beforehand, or had I agreed to wear a sponsor’s plus the park’s pretty well-known and people come
shirt, they could have helped me out but I was from other towns to use it – that means money for
more than a little wary about turning my trip into local businesses like ours. The overall look of the
a marketing campaign. The next thing you know projected buildings is certainly appealing, though.
they’d be saying ‘well, we’ll give you some money on W2: The developer’s plans seem reasonable to me. OK,
condition that you visit this or that site’ or ‘as long they’re doing it for their own financial gain but there
as you take a picture here …’ So what I ended up are local benefits too – and the area isn’t exactly
doing was appealing directly through the blog and – pretty right now. It’s not just greedy rich people

196

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 196 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

against everyone, that’s an oversimplification. screen? They’d probably be really old and dated. I’d
M2: Let’s see how it pans out – it’s too close to call. say that was a bit of a negative aspect.
JE: Would it matter that they were old? It would be
Dialogue 3 a great education for us, I think. We don’t always
W3: So it looks like the decision was to keep the have to watch contemporary films …
skateboarding park and not do the development. J: I’m not so sure … Most people want to watch films
That was quick! on their computers these days anyway instead of
M3: I could see it coming. The skateboarders generated going to a cinema …
lots of publicity – they used social media to whip JE: Ah – that could be an argument in favour of the
up a real wave of support. They made a big thing updated computer lab then!
about their own rights and what a historical place J: But there’s a strong argument against that idea,
the skateboarding park was but they didn’t consider namely students have access to computers at home.
the benefits of the redevelopment for musicians like Plus, I think we have enough computers at school
us who play in the concert halls – or anyone else for already.
that matter. I guess they were too focused on their P: Yes, but the computers here are quite old. I’m
own feelings. sure most students would really like an up-to-
W3: Most people didn’t understand the complexity of date computer lab with the latest computers and
the projects that were included in the plans – the software. Access to the very latest technology is
new rehearsal studios that would have attracted a strong selling point …
new audiences for us, the pop-up shops that might J: … But don’t you think we spend too much time
have been run by young entrepreneurs – it could looking at screens? I know you won’t agree, but
offer genuine local regeneration on all fronts, like taking everybody’s needs into account, I actually still
a real creative hub. But that was downplayed by think we should invest in the climbing wall!
the people involved, which meant it became a real JE: You must be joking – that’s not cultural! For me,
missed opportunity. bearing everything in mind, I’d say the computer
M3: The studios would have been good for us and lab is the best option because that can be cultural
offered local kids a dedicated space where they and you can use it for a lot of different things. For
could develop an interest in culture. The developers example, you could use it to watch, or even edit
just didn’t highlight that enough. movies, and it can also serve as a studio for digital
W3: It’s definitely a case of people not getting the design.
message. J: Well, I’ve made up my mind already. You vote for
the computer lab if you want, but I’m going for the
climbing wall and we’ll have to agree to disagree.
7.6 Speaking JE: OK, OK. Vote for what you want. At least I’ll have the
3.10 Exercises 2 and 3, page 83 satisfaction of proving you wrong.
J: Hmmm. We’ll see about that.
J = Joe JE = Jessica P = Patricia
J: Have you decided what to vote for, then? What do
you think the school should invest the European Focus Review 7
grant money in?
JE: Well, I haven’t exactly decided, but I’ve already 3.11 Exercise 9, page 87
discounted the climbing wall because it’s a sports W1 = Woman 1 M1 = Man 1 W2 = Woman 2
facility and not a cultural one … M2 = Man 2 W3 = Woman 3 M3 = Man 3
J: Oh I didn’t know it had to be something cultural … Dialogue 1
Anyway, I bet that’ll still be the most popular choice W1: Ah. Here it is. I’ve been wanting to see this painting
among the students. ‘in the flesh’ so-to-speak for ages. What do you
JE: Maybe, but I’m not going down that road … Out of think? Magnificent, eh? Mesmerising. It must have
the other four, what do you think? taken forever to paint …
P: Well, I quite like the idea of the auditorium. One of M1: Really? I’m not saying it’s easy and there’s
the main pluses would be that it could be used for undeniably great talent needed to produce
all kinds of things – and so a larger proportion of something like this but surely once you have the
students would benefit, don’t you think? We could general concept a gifted artist would put it on to
do karaoke there, for example, and of course more canvas in no time at all.
serious stuff as well … W1: You think so? I’m not so sure. Look at the stroke of
JE: Yes but couldn’t we just keep using the gym like the brush. The balance and the perspective. It’s
we’ve always done? It’s quite adequate. captivating – a modern masterpiece and original in
P: True, I guess we could. You know, I see that as so many ways …
a drawback of the art studio as well … We already M1: Well, be that as it may, it’s hard to justify the
have a space in which we can paint and sculpt, and price tag. Worth over a million they say. Some
although it’s hardly state-of-the-art, it still serves its think modern art has become so hyped up by the
purpose. press and art critics that it’s impossible to put any
J: You’re right, the art studio wouldn’t really be objective value on a piece nowadays. While I’m not
anything new, as such … I actually think, there of that opinion, and I can’t deny that there is some
are points in favour of the cinema, you know? The outstanding work being produced, it still requires
nearest commercial cinema is miles away. Most of the discerning eye of the art buyers and gallery
the time, I can’t be bothered to go all that way. owners to recognise real greatness when they see it.
P: But what kinds of films could the school afford to

197

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 197 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

Dialogue 2 J: Yeah, yeah. Two years now. Everything’s good I have

W2: I finally finished the book you lent me. Hardly what to say. Except for the flowers, ha ha.
I’d call reading for pleasure. M: Listen, I’m meeting my brother in half an hour at the
M2: Ha. I’d have to agree. A pretty unique plot though cinema. He’s there watching a film and then we’re
and despite the rather far-fetched characters and going to go to my mum’s for tea. You wanna grab
the cheesy dialogue there’s something about it to a quick coffee?
make you want to keep going. J: Sure, why not? Which cinema is it? I’m meeting Jack
W2: Oh, the characters, the dialogues, the settings. And at the Orion at five.
what about the way some sentences just finish in the M: That’s where and when I’m meeting my brother.
middle? And the poems? Who does he think he is? Awesome. Let’s grab a coffee at Mario’s then. It’s
Shakespeare? Joyce? a five minute walk from the cinema. Then we can go
M2: The most unbearable thing for me is the way it there together for five.
jumps about. There’s no logic between one chapter J: Super! It’s a plan. Let’s go. … ouch! These silly
and the next so you have to go back and reread shoes. I can’t walk in these at all.
it at times. Forcing you to reread those dreadful M: Here. Take my arm.
dialogues all over again, ha ha. J: Thanks. Oh look, there’s Robert.
W2: Yeah. Definitely a case of trying to be too clever. Both: Hi Robert.
I mean, the actual language used was pretty J: So tell me. Are you still into all that mystical mumbo
straightforward and it’s not really that tricky to follow jumbo? Meditation, astral projection, hypnotism and
– but if you ask me it just doesn’t work. One thing’s what not?
for sure – it won’t be a modern classic like I think the M: Hey! Easy! And yes, I am. Look deep into my eyes.
novelist hopes it will be. Ha ha!
J: Ha ha. No chance! Here we are, let’s sit outside, OK?
Dialogue 3 M: Fine. Here we are madam.
W3: That play I saw last night was frankly quite shocking! Actually, I’ve been reading a bit about palm reading
M3: That bad, was it? recently. Give me your hand and let me tell you your
W3: I don’t mean shocking ‘bad’, I mean shocking future …
‘shocking’. I really didn’t think something so J: Ha. Go on then. Here you are.
controversial would be allowed on the stage. Not M: Aaah. I see you will meet a tall dark man, in a dark
only was it violent and full of bad language but crowded place. It’s crowded but very quiet …
some of the opinions the characters expressed were J: Yeah, that’ll be Jack in the cinema. You’re a fraud –
frankly disturbing. nice try Mr Guru.
M3: Pretty powerful stuff, eh? M: OK, OK. You got me. But please don’t tell anyone.
W3: You can say that again. Don’t get me wrong. I’m It could ruin my reputation. Oh, here’s the waitress.
as much against censorship as you are and those What are you having?
misguided people calling for it to be closed should J: Hmmm. I’m not really sure …
see it for themselves before they go ranting and raving
about it. It definitely does get you thinking though.
M3: I think all too often controversy for controversy’s 8.4 Language in Focus
sake is a waste of time. I’ll happily sit through it if
3.17 Exercises 2 and 3, page 93
you can genuinely recommend it but if there’s no
discernible message and it’s just designed to shock N = Newscaster
you’ll have a tough time convincing me it’s worth the N: The idea that you can become famous by having
time or the effort. a YouTube channel is becoming more and more
a reality these days. The number of YouTube stars
is very much on the rise but what do they do that
attracts so many views? We went to discover more.
Unit 8 Text me! Music videos are generally considered to be
generating the biggest audiences on YouTube but
8.3 Grammar in actual fact young video bloggers like American
Bethany Mota are the new big stars. Her channel,
3.16 Exercise 2, page 92 which consists of beauty and shopping tips and
lifestyle and home decoration ideas, receives
J = Janet M = Michael
approximately six million views per video update.
J: Michael? Good to see you! It’s been ages. How are
She also has over four and a half million followers
you?
on Instagram, the photosharing platform, which
M: Hi, Janet. Great thanks. And you?
is reckoned by some to be the new Facebook. As
J: Good, good. Are those beautiful flowers for me, by
a result of her online success, a clothes label has
any chance?
branded an entire line of clothes and jewellery with
M: Ha. Had I known I was going to bump into you for
Mota’s name.
sure I would have bought you some, ha ha. They’re
Yet it is a video game guru that is widely reported
actually for my mum. It’s her birthday today. And
to have made the most money of any other YouTube
you’re the second person I’ve just explained myself
vlogger. With over thirty-six million subscribers,
to. I just bumped into Paul who asked me if I was
Sweden’s Felix Arvid Ulf Kjellberg, better known as
going on a hot date!
PewDiePie, might be the most influential person in
J: Ha. Well, lucky mum. I love flowers but Jack stopped
the video game industry – and is certainly one of
buying me flowers ages ago.
the biggest on YouTube. His videos, which feature
M: Ah, you’re still together then?
198

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 198 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

video game footage with an inset of him playing the by the mainstream media – especially local issues
games, have been watched more than eight billion or ones related to very specific topics. Of course,
times by a loyal and passionate fan base, who tune there is always the question of whether they’re
in for his amusing commentary. Kjellberg’s annual acting responsibly, and are backed up by solid
income is reported to have been growing rapidly data. Nevertheless, citizen journalism is regarded
over the last few years, and it is now estimated to be positively by many because amateurs provide an
around four million dollars. ordinary person’s view and often a fresh angle.
Finally, it should be noted that becoming a YouTube Regrettably, there isn’t always total transparency in
sensation may just be a gateway to other things. the mainstream media, and of course, there can also
Young Brit Joe Suggs made a name for himself be bias – newspapers must make money, and that
with his ThatcherJoe YouTube shorts which feature can influence what gets published.
him playing practical jokes on his flatmate and I: I see, so how would you describe the current
undertaking a range of rather inane challenges. situation in the media? Paula?
Whilst it is widely known that he has become P: There are signs that the mainstream media is
a member of the YouTube Boyband and recorded beginning to take citizen journalists more seriously.
a number one hit as part of the Band Aid 30 For example, recently there have been agreements
supergroup, he was also chosen to record the voice between some newspapers and citizen journalists,
of a seagull in the 2015 UK version of The SpongeBob where the paper asks readers to contribute
SquarePants Movie! information and amateur footage for stories and
also to provide ideas for new coverage. One paper
I know even provides tutorials for shooting video
8.5 Listening and so on to encourage more ordinary people to
3.18 Exercises 2 and 3, page 94 contribute. For the newspapers, it’s clearly a move
towards a better, more open form of journalism.
I = Interviewer M = Mark P = Paula M: Well that’s debatable – citizen journalists’ lack of
I: On this episode of Media Today I’m talking to impartiality might actually be seen as a weakness,
Mark Adams, a newspaper journalist, and Paula however brave it might be. Their reporting may
Robertson, a university lecturer who runs a blog on show a biased attitude or be written from a certain
citizen journalism, where ordinary people can post ideological viewpoint. Professionals present issues
articles and reports. objectively, or at least strive to. And don’t forget
Mark, set the scene for us. How would you describe that most citizen journalists have had no formal
the responsibilities of a professional newspaper training in reporting or dealing with sensitive issues,
journalist? so they can be unreliable.
M: I’d say we inform the public about events and I: Is there an example of a website you’ve found
issues and assess their potential impact. We comb particularly effective, Paula?
through public records and seek out other sources P: One that comes to mind is [Link].
of information, such as interviewing people or They reported on the Ebola outbreak from
visiting locations where noteworthy incidents have the perspective of people living in the most
taken place. The bottom line is we strive to present affected African countries. It was actually set up
a truthful, well-balanced account of things that have as a collaboration between medical experts and
happened. Clearly, we stay within the law and we’re citizens reporting from the ground and it quickly
careful about things like the privacy of people we became the most reliable source of information
write about … And, of course, it goes without saying about Ebola worldwide, challenging perceptions
that we’re good writers. about the handling of the crisis in Africa and the
I: So Paula, in that case, what are citizen journalists commonly held notion that the Ebola crisis affected
and what do they do? the whole continent rather than just a small corner
P: Well, let’s clarify the terminology – when ordinary of it. It was really this, plus the fact it was very well-
people post their own accounts of an event on written, that made it so successful and influential.
a blog or specialised website like mine, it’s known I: How do you both see citizen journalism evolving in
as citizen journalism. Nowadays the prevalence of the next few years?
social media means that news gets out quickly and M: I predict a blurring of the divide between
often people post or tweet things without checking professionals and amateurs. People like me will
the facts. And if their tweet goes viral, it may cause certainly use more social media tools to get the
trouble if it’s speculative rather than fact-based. But public’s opinion about a story or help with research.
true citizen journalists may want to tell their side of If the general public is involved in reporting news,
a story and set up a discussion or they may just have that’s good, although maybe there should be some
happened to witness something and want to share kind of remuneration for everyone. I wonder whether
their experience. Of course, they’re unpaid and their this will lead to an increased trust in the media
views are their own. among the general population.
I: Mark, what’s the print journalist’s perspective on P: I think it’s likely that citizen journalists will help
amateurs writing about the news in blogs? professionals in terms of getting information from
M: On the one hand, I think it is a common inside a community. Journalists often find getting
misconception that just by posting online someone witnesses hard. Hopefully, however, this blurring
can become a journalist. From the opposing angle of the lines between professionals and amateurs
though, bloggers and other citizen journalists won’t cause confusion. So the approach must be
can contribute helpfully by engaging people with formalised if it’s to be reliable – and the danger
issues that might otherwise get missed or ignored is that it undermines the strength of the citizen
199

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 199 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

journalist’s impartiality and independence. I’d hate the world … Of course, I’m not convinced it is all
to see that happen. unbiased or accurate so I am always very careful who
I: Thank you both. I speak to and how I use the information.
And thank you for listening. If you like Media Today, P: Finally, we spoke to Maria who used to work in
you might also like our sister podcast Reshoots, a social media company and now writes a blog
which discusses all things movies … about Internet related issues.
M: Well, I wonder if your listeners have considered how
digitally mediated our information is … and how
8.6 Speaking quick we are to trust in all our computer programs.
3.20 Exercises 2 and 4, page 95 We need to be aware of the algorithms that filter
our results so we only see what the program thinks
P = Presenter F = Frank L = Laura J = John we want to see … And don’t overlook the fact that
M = Maria it’s not only personalised advertising we get these
P: There’s no doubt that we all access an enormous days but it also happens with news – once we read
amount of information online these days but are we one kind of story our search engines and social
better informed as a result? Today on Town Square media platforms start showing us similar stories and
we talk to several people to get their views of the filtering out others. In some ways, it’s good because
subject … we get what we want, but the downside is that we
First, we spoke to Frank, a parent, who says his two don’t get exposed to ideas that we might disagree
teens are glued to social media and the Internet. with. And anyway … browsers and social media sites
So, what’s your take on this, Frank? suggest products, adverts, information – everything
F: Well, like most people these days, when my kids – but do they always get it right, do we really want
want information, they quickly go to the Internet these products? In many cases, absolutely not!
to find it – they want the answer right away and P: Thank you to everyone we spoke to. Next week we
they’re impatient to get it. Fair enough, but the one will be talking about environmental issues …
thing that really bothers me about this is that they
don’t always check the source of the material – they
tend to believe that if it’s online, it must be true. It’s Focus Review 8
clear that we need to teach people how to filter this
3.21 Exercise 9, page 99
information, to find out what’s reliable. The key thing
is that the entries on sites like Wikipedia are written I = Interviewer J = Jenny C = Charles
collaboratively and they aren’t always dependable. I: Hello to all of you out there and welcome to Tech
Sometimes it’s just somebody’s point of view, not Talk. Today we will be talking about teenagers and
objective fact, but many kids don’t realise that … technology with our guests Jenny and Charles.
P: Next we asked a teenager, eighteen-year-old Laura, Thank you both for being available to talk to us
what she thought about that argument. today.
L: Well, I accept the point that a lot of our general Jenny, let’s start with you. Can you give us some
knowledge comes from Wikipedia and that it background about yourself?
can be subjective or inaccurate. But what about J: Well, I’m a mother of two teenagers myself so it’s
in the old days when we only received the news an issue which concerns me. We hear a lot about
via newspapers or the TV? They used to make teenagers bent over their computers every day and
mistakes and manipulate the news, as well … And doing nothing else and this worries many parents
it was harder to correct errors or bias in those days who hark back to their own childhood of playing
because everything took so long. To me, what’s sports or running round the streets with their
crucial today is that we make sure we receive news friends. In other words, they think of face-to-face
through a variety of channels. For instance, a lot of rather than screen-to-screen communication.
news coming through social media we associate C: It is a common concern, I think, that teens might be
with fun and leisure and sometimes it’s hard to take losing the desire to contact each other in the real
it seriously. Also, when somebody tweets a news world, so to speak, and are increasingly shutting
story and that goes viral, how do you know it’s to themselves off from social interaction in which the
be trusted? If we can cross-check and find the same physical presence of another person is relevant. But,
story on reliable news websites, in the newspapers, then again I grew up with easy access to computers
or on TV, then it’s easier to be sure it’s genuine. and social media and I don’t regard myself as
I guess the crux of the issue is that we can’t rely on especially prone to locking myself away in my room
one source for all our information. and communicating only through instant messaging
P: Next up we spoke to John, a university student, to or some other form of social media. I wonder if this
get his views. isn’t an exaggerated view encouraged by the media.
J: When people ask me about the Internet, I am I: I see. Jenny, do you see this as an example of media
absolutely adamant in my view that it has been hype?
beneficial overall. I am especially appreciative of J: Not precisely. I see it more as issues raised which
how it lets us share information in exciting ways. need serious investigation before we can come
Take for example crowdsourcing, in which many to any conclusions. Interestingly enough, I’ve just
people contribute information to a story or project. been reading a book by Danah Boyd, a digital
There is a lot of expertise out there and the anthropologist. She has spent the past decade
Internet makes it much easier for people to come analysing how teenagers use social media by
together and exchange it. When I am working on watching the subtle cultural signals, rituals and
an assignment, I can get help from students all over group dynamics. And after conducting extensive

200

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 200 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

research in eighteen states across the US, she argues the future of the environment in the park. Some
that some of the received wisdom about social volunteers describe the work as fascinating, others
media is wrong. Teenagers are not being harmed by call it useful, but for me, it is vital, even though some
social media, as adults often fear. Instead, they are people feel climate monitoring should be factored
developing adaptive skills for this new digital age. in too.
I: Interesting. Charles how do you feel about this? First I’ll give you some background. Years ago,
C: Well, what she’s saying is that though their behaviour wolves living in the park were simply seen as
is baffling to adults, teens are fine. I think my own predators and a decision was made to eradicate
experience supports that though I realise it might them. I wish scientists had understood then how
be a hard message for many parents to swallow. The this would upset the natural balance of the area.
key point is that social behaviour is adaptive, and What happened was that by removing the wolves
people in power – that is parents in this case – rarely there was an increase in the numbers of elk, which
understand the coping strategies being used by then fed on young cottonwood trees growing near
others. rivers, causing the trees to die. Before I started on
I: Jenny, do you think this demonstrates a fundamental the project, I’d also read a lot about how beavers
change in the way teenagers in our society are depended on the roots and branches of the same
behaving? cottonwood trees to build lodges. They also use the
J: Well, we’re still human beings and our basic social trees to build dams in the water and I was staggered
impulses haven’t changed! Boyd argues that to discover that these actually irrigated the
teenagers have two basic impulses: they want to wetlands. Without these structures, the land quickly
explore the world and they want to socialise with became drier.
their friends. In previous generations, children could But lessons were learned, and in the mid-1990s,
do this by wandering around their neighbourhoods wolves were reintroduced into the park. As a result,
or congregating in places such as shopping centres the elk left the valleys and the trees flourished again.
and parks. But these days they often cannot – partly The beavers returned, encouraging new ecosystems
due to their parents’ fears about danger and partly – predictably these included fish, otters and ducks in
due to less free time generally. So instead, children the rivers, and mice and rabbits on the land, which
rush to cyberspace. Adults have always been wary provided food for foxes. I hadn’t expected there
of teenager behaviour and have often regarded would be such a large variety of birds, though.
play as a waste of time. In much the same way they So it’s clear why the wolves need to be monitored,
are worried about their gathering in cyberspace. and that’s where we volunteers come in. While
But actually this is just symptomatic of a desire to research takes place in all weather, people might
socialise. assume it’s in summer that most work is done. But
I: So how do you see social media use evolving over we were told it’s easiest to study wolves in winter
the next few years? because that’s when they move in daylight at lower
C: I don’t see any major change, teenagers are leading elevations and also leave tracks so that’s when I went.
the way here and in my view we’ll soon see adults We were all assigned a particular group of wolves to
using social media in a similar way to teens. The only follow, and when we spotted them, we had to write
difference would be that most adults have jobs and down the time, the place, the number of individuals
this necessarily limits the time they can spend on in the pack, including cubs, and their prey. It sounds
social media and the use they put social media to. easy but the wolves were hard to find! Apart from
J: I’d go along with that, Charles. What we have now that, and the patience we needed, I couldn’t believe
is just the tip of the iceberg. I’d like to see more of the freezing temperatures we had to cope with!
a balance though. We should have the courage to Not everyone can be as lucky as I am and see
give kids more freedom physically to roam in the wolves in the wild but anyone can get involved by
‘real’ world – alongside their travels in cyberspace. becoming a sponsor, which is really worthwhile.
I: Thanks to both of you. Send us your comments on There’s information on the park website and there
today’s discussion at hashtag … are different levels of involvement, depending on
how much you want to give – the highest donation
gets you special gifts including an in-depth report
on the project and stunning photographs. Even
Unit 9 Future generations the smallest gift gets you a colourful poster and
fascinating snapshots of the work.
9.5 Listening Why not get involved? I’m glad I did!

3.27 Exercises 3 and 4, page 106

9.6 Speaking
K = Kathy
K: Hi everyone – I’m Kathy Thomas and I’m here to tell 3.29 Exercises 2 and 3, page 107
you about my participation last year in an on-going E = Examiner O = Olga P = Pierre
project monitoring wolves in a US national park. E: Olga, it’s your turn first. Here are your pictures. They
The project involves volunteers: researchers, show people doing things in the natural world. I’d
conservationists, environmentalists and university like you to compare the pictures, and say what the
students of subjects like Anthropology, Biology or relationship might be between the people and the
Ecology, like me, all working together to monitor landscape and how the presence of people might
the numbers and behaviour of the wolves. What affect the environment.
attracted me was the impact of the work for

201

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 201 21.06.2016 11:57

 Student’s Book Audioscript

O: Well, they show very different activities and some facts and figures to show how much progress
relationships. The first shows people skiing, so we are making worldwide in terms of creating
involved in a leisure activity, and therefore I assume a cleaner, greener planet.
that their relationship with the landscape is one Let’s begin by looking at hydro-electric power. Now
of enjoyment and appreciation. I mean they must we all know that the planet is covered in water.
be having fun skiing and snowboarding, but they And unlike other sources of energy, this source is
are also almost certainly enjoying the fresh air constantly available. Not only is fast running water
and the beauty of the spot too. We can’t rule out able to generate lots of power by driving turbines
the possibility that it’s during a school break, or but via the use of purpose built dams, power output
the weekend at least, as it looks pretty busy and can be regulated to meet demand. And thanks to
I can imagine that a lot of them are on holiday. constant evaporation and precipitation it really is the
Presumably most of these people have travelled out ultimate renewable source. It currently constitutes
here to spend a few days in the snow. I mean, I very sixteen percent of global electricity produced and is
much doubt that it’s near where they usually live, forecast to rise by a further 3.1 percent each year.
and so they may have come out here by car or bus. Solar power is also growing in popularity with more
In the second photo, the situation is completely and more countries offering subsidies to incentivise
different. Here the people are working in the fields both companies and the general public to invest in
… they are almost part of the landscape. I assume solar panels. We can harness this natural source not
that they must live here too and that the landscape only to create electricity, but it can also be captured
allows them to make a living. I can envisage that efficiently to heat water and our homes. Unlike
it’s the main way of making money in that area. hydro-power, however, this source is not constant
And their families may have been doing the same and is heavily reliant on such factors as location,
thing, living the same lives, for generations and time of day and weather conditions. Transference
generations. I don’t really think they’ve had much of power can be costly but it offers huge benefits
impact on the environment, though I suppose such as increasing a country’s energy security
that they would have to have built the terraces through a reliance on an inexhaustible and import-
in the hillsides, which has had an effect on their independent resource.
surroundings. But I don’t think it is as substantial as Geothermal energy is provided by harvesting the
the effect we see in the photo of the ski resort. In heat of the earth’s core. Said to be over 6,000
that picture, the effect on the environment is much degrees Celsius – which is actually hotter than
greater. All the machinery needed to run the ski the surface of the sun – it is estimated that it can
lifts, and all those people almost certainly got there produce 50,000 times more power than fossil fuels
by car with all the pollution that comes with that. can provide. Clearly something we can expect to
E: Thank you Olga. Pierre, in which situation do you be utilised more in the future. In fact, since 2005,
think the people are most in harmony with their there has been a twenty percent increase in global
surroundings? geothermal energy production – accounting for
P: Well, you know I agree with Olga. I think the ski a total of twenty-seven percent and thirty percent of
resort definitely pollutes more. So, I think people are all energy produced in the Philippines and Iceland,
more in harmony with the landscape in the photo respectively.
with the terraces – I think they’re actually rice fields, Finally, let us consider wind energy. Already we can
right? Here it looks like the people are making good see wind turbines gracefully capturing the breeze
use of their surroundings. They don’t seem to be and being turned into clean electricity by powerful
causing too much damage, though, admittedly, generators. These can be situated in almost any
we can’t rule out the possibly that they’re using location, anywhere in the world with both on-land
pesticides or fertilizers – this could cause problems. and off-shore turbines already generating over sixty
But I guess they are using them to make a living, times more gigawatts of energy than just ten years
and they’ve left a lot of the surrounding forests ago. It is also the added benefit of boosting rural
intact. Yes, definitely this one. growth as power plants and transmission lines are
created to bring the energy into more populated
areas. At present, as much as forty percent of
Focus Review 9 Denmark’s energy comes from wind power and it
3.30 Exercise 9, page 111 now accounts for four percent of worldwide energy
usage …
S = Speaker
S: Good afternoon. Firstly I’d like to thank you all for
coming. The aim of today’s talk is to update you on
the current situation regarding renewable energy
use and to convince you that there’s a real possibility
of becoming one hundred percent dependent on
renewable sources of energy within our lifetimes. It is
possible. For example, did you know that Costa Rica
introduced petrol-electric hybrid cars in 2004, the
fully electric car in 2009 and has already achieved
between ninety-five and ninety-nine percent carbon
neutrality with a target to be completely carbon free
by 2021. How have they done this? Well let’s look at
the types of energy they’ve been converting to and

202

Z05_FOCU_TB_05POL_4787_Z04-kopia [Link] 202 21.06.2016 11:57