JSS3 COMPUTER STUDIES LESSON NOTES
- SECOND TERM
Scheme of Work
SN WEEK TOPICS
1 WEEK 1 GRAPHS
2 WEEK 2 EDITING GRAPHS
3 WEEK 3 THE WORKSHEETS
4 WEEK 4 CALCULATIONS
5 WEEK 5 COMPUTER CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
6 WEEK 6 QUALITIES OF GOOD COMPUTER
PROFESSIONALS
7 WEEK 7 LOGIC CIRCUIT
8 WEEK 8 CONSTRUCTION OF TRUTH TABLES
9 WEEK 9 COMPUTER GAMES
10 WEEK 10 COMPUTER GAMES
WEEK 1 GRAPHS
A graph is a diagram showing the relationship that exists among variables and
quantities (varies data), usually of two, each measured along one of a pair of
axes at right angles. It may not be possible to plot a graph without value. The
Excel spreadsheet provides the values that are plotted.
Creating a Graph
To create a graph, you can either use the chart wizard or press the F11 key.
Types of Chart
Line graph
Histograms
Pie-charts
Legends
Line Graph
Line graphs are often used to plot changes in data over time, such as monthly
temperature changes or daily changes in stock market prices. Line graphs have
a vertical axis and a horizontal axis. If you are plotting changes in data over
time, time is plotted along the horizontal or x-axis and your other data, such as
rainfall amounts is plotted as individual points along the vertical or y-axis.
Histogram
A histogram consists of tabular frequencies, shown as adjacent rectangles,
erected over discrete intervals (bins), with an area equal to the frequency of
the observations in the interval. The height of a rectangle is also equal to the
frequency density of the interval.
Pie Charts
Pie charts, or circle graphs as they are sometimes known, are a little different
from the other two types of graphs discussed.
For one, pie charts do not use horizontal and vertical axes to plot points like the
others. They also differ in that they are used to chart only one variable at a
time. As a result, it can only be used to show percentages. The circle of the pie
chart represents 100%. The circle is subdivided into slices representing data
values. The size of each slice shows what part of the 100% it represents.
Legends
A legend is used to identify each series in a chart. It contains on sample of the
marker colour and pattern of each series.
EVALUATION
Define chart.
List the various types of charts you are familiar with in MS Excel.
WEEK 2 EDITING GRAPHS
CREATING AND EDITING GRAPHS
Charts are used to display a series of numeric data in a graphical format to
make it easier to understand large quantities of data and the relationship
between different sets of data.
To create a chart in Excel, you start by entering the numeric data for the chart
on a worksheet. Then you can plot that data into a chart by selecting the chart
type that you want to use on the insert tab, in the Charts group.
1. Worksheet data
2. Chart created from worksheet data
Excel supports many types of charts to help you display data in ways that are
meaningful to your audience. When you create or change an existing chart, you
can select from a variety of chart types (such as a column chart or pie chart)
and their subtypes (such as stacked column chart or pie in the 3D chart). You
can also create a combination chart by using more than one chart type in your
chart.
Example of a combination chart that uses a column and line chart type.
Get to know chart elements.
A chart has many elements. Some of these elements are displayed by default,
others can be added as needed. You can change the display of the chart
elements by moving them to other locations in the chart, resizing them, or
changing the format. You can also remove chart elements that you do not want
to display.
1. Fast Asia Sales
2. Qtr 1
3. Qtr 2
4. Qtr 3
5. Qtr 4
6. A legend or data table. You can show or hide a legend, change its location,
or format it.
7. The data points or data series that are plotted in the chart.
8. The legend of the chart.
9. A chart and axis title that you can use in the chart.
10. A data label that you can use to identify the details of a data point in a data
series.
Modify a basic chart to meet your needs.
After you create a chart, you can modify any one of its elements. For example,
you might want to change the way that axes are displayed, add a chart title,
move or hide the legend, or display additional chart elements. To modify a
chart, you can do one or more of the following:
- Change the display of chart axes. You can specify the scale of axes and
adjust the interval between the values or categories that are displayed.
Easily Edit Your Writing
1. The chart area of the chart.
2. The plot area of the chart.
3. The data points or data series that are plotted in the chart.
4. The legend of the chart.
5. A chart and axis title that you can use in the chart.
6. A data label that you can use to identify the details of a data point in a data
series.
Apply a predefined chart layout and style for a professional look.
Instead of manually adding or changing chart elements or formatting the chart,
you can quickly apply predefined chart layouts. Excel provides a variety of
useful chart layouts and styles. You can fine-tune a layout or style as needed.
1. Modify the layout of individual chart elements, such as the chart area, plot
area, and the numbers and text in the chart.
2. You can also format the chart elements to match your organizationʼs or your
theme (color is a set of colors, and themes are a set of heading and body text
fonts).
Add eye-catching formatting to a chart.
In addition to applying a predefined chart style, you can easily apply formatting
to individual chart elements such as the chart area, the plot area, and the
numbers and text in the chart. You can give your chart a custom, eye-catching
look. You can apply specific shapes manually. For formatting, you can use one
or more of the following:
1. Fill chart elements: You can use colors, textures, and gradient fills to help you
differentiate specific chart elements.
2. Change the outline of chart elements: You can use colors, line styles, and
line weights to enhance chart elements.
3. Add special effects to chart elements: You can apply special effects, such as
shadow, reflection, glow, soft edges, bevel, and 3D rotation to chart elements.
4. Format text and numbers: You can format text and numbers in titles, labels,
and text boxes.
Reuse charts by creating chart templates
If you want to reuse a chart that you customized to meet your needs, you can
save that chart as a template. You can then use that template just as you would
any other built-in chart type. Chart templates allow you to change the chart
type of existing charts.
EVALUATION
1. State the steps to modify a chart.
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. Use a collection of data organized into rows and columns where data is
stored and manipulated. Worksheet: B. Group C. Workbook D. Active cell
2. A range is a worksheet formed by the intersection of a row and a column. A
range can be a single cell or a cell collection.
3. You can create two worksheets in Excel: A. 1,048,576 B. 16,384 C. 160,000 D.
1,051,211
4. The data area of a cell is known as ___. A. cell range B. cell reference C. cell
interface D. Cell Menu.
WEEK 3 & 4 THE WORKSHEETS
A worksheet commonly refers to a sheet of paper with questions for students
and places to record answers. The term may also refer to a single sheet of
rows and columns in spreadsheet software or an informal piece of paper that
an accountant uses to record information.
A worksheet or sheet is a single page in the file created with an electronic
spreadsheet program such as Excel or Google Spreadsheets. A worksheet is
used to store, manipulate, and display data. Each worksheet consists of cells
where you key in and manipulate the data. By default, a new Excel workbook
contains three worksheets.
Each worksheet is composed of a very large number of cells — which are the
basic storage unit for data in the worksheet.
The cells are arranged in a grid pattern using rows and columns.
● Excel 2016:
○ There are 1,048,576 rows per worksheet.
○ There are 16,384 columns per worksheet.
○ By default, each worksheet contains only one worksheet.
○ The number of rows or files is limited only by the amount of
memory available on the computer.
In earlier versions of Excel, the default number of worksheets per file was
three.
For Google Spreadsheets:
● There is a maximum of 256 columns per sheet.
● The maximum number of cells for all worksheets in a file is 400,000.
● The current default number of worksheets for new files is one.
● There is a maximum of 200 worksheets per spreadsheet file.
Each worksheet also has a name; by default, the worksheets are named Sheet1,
Sheet2, etc.
STARTING A WORKBOOK FILE
Workbooks are files that can be created in Excel. You can start a workbook any
time you want to open a new file for your data. Steps are:
1. Open a new workbook in Excel.
2. Start on the open screen of your monitor.
3. Click on all programs.
4. Point to Microsoft Office.
5. Select Microsoft Excel (this will take you to the Excel environment
CREATING EXCEL DOCUMENT
Once Excel is open, you can enter data into a file by clicking on a particular
cell, and then typing text, numbers, or formulas. Your changes will be entered
into the current cell.
● Press the tab key to enter your data and move the active cell to the right
of the current one.
● Press Enter to enter your data and move the active cell to the next row,
usually in the same column.
● Use the arrow keys to enter your data and move the active cell in the
indicated direction.
● Press the tab key (right-arrow key) to move to the last cell in a row.
ENTERING DATA IN A WORKSHEET
Locate the cell where you want to enter data on the worksheet and click on the
cell. For example, point and click on cell A1.
● Type in your entry from the keyboard and notice the appearance of the
entries in the formula bar within the cell address.
● Press the Enter key.
EVALUATION
1. What are the steps involved in creating a spreadsheet?
2. Explain how to enter data into Excel.
EDITING DATA IN A WORKSHEET
Wrong entries may either be entirely retyped or the particular cell range of cells
can be corrected.
To retype:
● Move the cell pointer to the cell to be corrected or re-type the entry and
press Enter.
To correct only the mistake:
● Move the cell pointer to the cell and double-click on the cell.
● Correct by inserting, deleting, or replacing.
● Press Enter.
SAVING A WORKSHEET
Click the File menu.
● Click on the Save or Home button.
● Click the Save As button and wait for a dialog box to open.
● Type in your desired filename; for example, the name of the document.
● Click the 'Save' button or press Enter on the keyboard.
RETRIEVING A SAVED WORKSHEET
Retrieving a worksheet means opening an already saved worksheet from its
location on the computer. This is usually done to view, edit, or update the
worksheet.
● Locate Microsoft Excel.
● Click on 'Other Buttons.'
● Click the 'Open' option from the list and wait for a dialog box to open.
● Navigate to the file you want to open and double-click on it.
GENERAL EVALUATION
1. Define a cell.
2. State steps involved in saving a worksheet for the first time.
3. Highlight the steps in retrieving a saved document.
READING ASSIGNMENT
A Handbook on Computer Studies for Schools and Colleges by Niyi Adeokigbe
WEEKEND ASSIGNMENT
1. ____ is a definition of cells organized into rows and columns where data
is stored and manipulated in a file. a. Worksheet b. Grid c. Workbook d.
Data Area
2. ____ is organized in a worksheet based on the intersection of a row and a
column. a. Worksheet b. Sheet c. Cell d. Cell reference
3. A new Excel file can have ____ worksheets. a. 1,048,576 b. 16,384 c.
1,048,576 d. Three
4. There are ____ columns per worksheet in Excel. a. 16,387 b. 16,384 c.
1,048,576 d. 10
5. The address of a cell is known as ____ a. Cell space b. Cell reference c.
Cell Menu d. Active Cell
THEORY
1. Highlight the steps in saving a worksheet.
2. Describe what you understand by the term "retrieving."
WEEK 5 & 6 COMPUTER CAREER OPPORTUNITIES
COMPUTER PROFESSIONALS
These are people who have studied courses In computers and undergone
some training in computing such training must be formal or informal training
that includes the issuing of certificates, diplomas, and degree programs in the
computer field.
Types of Computer Professionals
These are the career opportunities associated with computer usage, they
include:
1. Computer manager- oversees the overall computing resources and
coordinates the daily operation of the department.
2. System analyst- implement the newly designed system and review it
constantly. 3. Programmer- develops and writes programs of software needed
for the computer system.
4. Computer educator- is responsible for the teaching and training of
computer-related concepts.
5. Computer engineers and Technicians- these are the people trained in the
areas of installing, maintaining, and repairing the computer system system.
6. Computer operators- these are people who are involved in the running of the
daily processes in an organization.
Qualities of Computer Professionals
These are the characteristics that a good computer Professional must possess
they include:
1. Must undergo appropriate training in either formal or informal schools or
computer centers
2. Must be knowledgeable.
3. Must be able to carry multitask.
4. Must have the ability to solve problems.
5. Ability to communicate well.
6. Ability to adapt to situations.
7. Must be trustworthy because he/she will handle sensitive information about
people or organizations.
COMPUTER PROFESSIONAL BODIES IN NIGERIA
There are regulatory measures that are important in any field of endeavour to
maintain professional and ethical standards these bodies oversee the
compliance to set rules and regulations. They are:
1. Nigeria Computer Society NCS was established in 1978
2. The Computer Professional Registration Council of Nigeria CPRN was
established1993
3. Institute of Management Information IMI
4. Information Technology Association of Nigeria ITAN was established1991.
5. Nigeria Internet Group NIG
6. Nigeria Software Group NSG
Function of Nigeria Computer Society.
1. To promote the training of computer professionals.
2. To encourage research in computer science and Technology.
3. To develop the competence of individuals engaged in the practice of the
computing profession.
4. Co-operate with similar professional organizations throughout the world.
COMPUTER PROFESSIONAL COUNCIL OF NIGERIA.
This was established on the 10th of June 1993, the functions are.
1. To set standards of knowledge and skill that people or organizations seeking
to become members of the computing profession in Nigeria should process.
2. To secure, establish, and maintain a register of persons seeking to be
registered under the decree to practice the computing profession.
Assignment :
1. Describe the word computer professional with examples.
2. List five ( 5 qualities of a computer professional
3. List three computer Professional with the date
WEEK 7 & 8 LOGIC CIRCUITS
LOGIC CIRCUITS
A logic gate is an elementary building block of a digital circuit. Most logic gates
have two inputs and one output. At any given moment, every terminal is in one
of the two binary conditions low 0 or high 1, represented by different voltage
levels. The logic gate's operation is that it changes, depending on the circuit
processes, the inputs' state. In most logic gates, the low state is approximately
0V, and the high state is approximately 5V, though other ranges may also be
used. There are seven basic logic gates: AND, OR, XOR, NOT, NAND, NOR, and
XNOR.
AND GATE
The AND gate is so named because, if it is called “AND,ˮ it is called “True,ˮ the
gate acts in the same way as the logical word “AND.ˮ The following illustration
and table show the AND gate's standard logic combinations for a two-input
gate. In other words, the gate examines its two inputs, and if both inputs are 1
(high), the output is “Trueˮ when both inputs are “True.ˮ Otherwise, the output
is “False.ˮ
OR GATE
The OR gate gets its name from the fact that it behaves after the fashion of the
logical inclusive “OR.ˮ The output is “Trueˮ if either or both of the inputs are
“True.ˮ If both inputs are “False,ˮ then the output is “False.ˮ
XOR GATE
The XOR (exclusive-OR gate acts in the same way as the logical "either/or."
The output is “Trueˮ if either but not both of its inputs are “True.ˮ The XOR
gate's output is “Trueˮ if one of its inputs is “Trueˮ or both inputs are “False.ˮ
However, when both inputs are 1 (high), the output is False. The Boolean
equation for XOR is A⊕B = A·B' + A'·B.
INVERTER OR NOT GATE
An inverter, sometimes called a NOT gate, is used to differentiate it from other
types of electronic gates. It has only one input and inverts its logic state.
NAND GATE
The NAND gate operates as an AND gate followed by a NOT gate. It acts in the
reverse of the logical operation “ANDˮ followed by inversion. The output is
“Falseˮ if both inputs are “True.ˮ Otherwise, the output is “True.ˮ
NOR GATE
The NOR gate is a combination OR gate followed by an inverter. Its output is
“Trueˮ if both inputs are “False.ˮ Otherwise, the output is “False.ˮ
XNOR GATE
The XNOR gate is a combination inverter / NOT gate followed by an XOR gate.
Its output is “Trueˮ if both inputs are “False.ˮ Otherwise, the output is “False.ˮ
Using a combination of logic gates, complex operations can be performed. In
theory, there is no limitation to the number of gates that can be arranged
together in a single device. But in practice, there is a limit on the number of
gates that can be packed into a given physical space. Arrays of logic gates are
found in digital integrated circuits ICs. For laboratory observation, the
reversed input values for each individual logic gate decrease, and digital
devices of the same or similar type become capable of performing more
complicated operations at ever-increasing speeds.
Uses of Standard Logic Circuits:
1. Logic gates are building blocks of hardware electronic components.
2. It is used in the education of circuits.
3. The AND gate is used to create a multiple signal.
4. The NOT gate is used in building a switch.
EVALUATION
State the uses of standard logic circuits.
WEEK 9 & 10 COMPUTER GAMES
COMPUTER GAMES
Computer games are programs written on a computer that enables a player to
interact with a virtual game environment for recreation, entertainment, and fun.
Types of Computer Games
There are many types of computer games available, ranging from traditional
card games to more advanced video games such as role-playing games and
adventure games.
1. Card Games: These are computerized versions of traditional card games or
games that are essentially like card games. Examples include Blackjack, Bridge,
Casino, Solitaire, and Video Poker.
2. Board Games: These are adaptations of classic board games. Examples
include Chess, Checkers, Backgammon, Scrabble, and Monopoly.
3. Puzzles: This type of game aims at figuring out a solution, which often
involves solving enigmas, navigation, learning how to use different tools, and
manipulating or reconfiguring objects. Examples include Mastermind and
Tetris.
4. Maze: These games require successful navigation through a maze. Mazes
can be viewed in different ways. For example, they may appear in an overhead
view (as in Pac-Man) or the first-person perspective (as in Doom).
5. Fighting Games: This type of game involves characters who fight usually
hand-to-hand, in one-to-one combat situations. The fighters are usually
represented as humans or animated characters. Examples include Street
Fighter, Avengers, and Body Slam.
6. Sports Games: These are adaptations of existing real-world sports or
variations of them. The most popular sports games include American Football,
Baseball, Boxing, Fishing, Soccer, Tennis, Volleyball, and Golf.
7. Strategy Games: This type of game emphasizes the use of strategy as
opposed to fast action or the use of quick reflexes. Examples include Chess,
Monopoly, and Othello.
8. Role-Playing Games: Players can take on different types of characters. The
characterʼs description may include specifics such as species, race, gender,
and occupation, and may include various abilities, such as strength and
dexterity. In the virtual game world, the player goes on quests, fights the
monster, and improves their capability. Examples include Diablo, Dungeons and
Dragons, and Ultima
Advantages of Playing Computer Games
There are many benefits of computer games to people, especially kids and
youths. Though not all computer games are beneficial to students, those that
are valuable help build fast thinking and logical reasoning. The following are the
values of computer games:
1. Computer games serve as a means of fun and excitement for kids and adults.
2. Role-playing games help players solve real-world types of problems, thus
making them critical thinkers.
3. Puzzle games and board games help build logical reasoning capacity.
4. Card games serve as a means to recreate.
5. Sports games and action games help improve intuition and serve as a means
to innovate.
6. Strategy games improve complex reasoning.
7. Games improve mental capacity because it involves understanding complex
concepts.
8. As a form of recreation, playing games reduces mental stress.
9. Educational games could be used to teach class-level lessons easily.
10. Action games and sports games create quick mental response rates
because of the speedy nature of the game.