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Overview of Fundamental Rights

The document outlines the fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution, categorized into various articles covering equality, freedom, exploitation, religion, culture, education, and constitutional remedies. It includes mnemonics for each category to aid in memorization, along with a brief description of each right. Additionally, it discusses exceptions and special provisions related to these rights.

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99674shikha
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6 views5 pages

Overview of Fundamental Rights

The document outlines the fundamental rights enshrined in the Indian Constitution, categorized into various articles covering equality, freedom, exploitation, religion, culture, education, and constitutional remedies. It includes mnemonics for each category to aid in memorization, along with a brief description of each right. Additionally, it discusses exceptions and special provisions related to these rights.

Uploaded by

99674shikha
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

🔢

🌿 Right 🧠 Veggie Mnemonic What It Covers


Articles

Equality before law, No


Every Potato Deserves
E – Equality 14–18 discrimination, Equal opportunity,
Utmost Taste 🥔
Abolish untouchability & titles

Some People Are Moving


6 Freedoms + Protection in criminal
F – Freedom 19–22 Really Fast + Chilli Paneer
cases, Liberty, Arrest rights
Love ❤️

E – Exploitation
23–24 Tomatoes End Exploitation 🍅 No human trafficking, No child labour
(Ban)

Religious freedom, Religious


Pickle Makes Religion
R – Religion 25–28 institutions, No religious taxes or
Tasteful 🥒
forced learning

C – Culture & Right to conserve culture, Minority


29–30 Cake Exists for Minorities 🎂
Education educational institutions

E – Enforcement
32 Corn Saves Rights 🌽 Direct Supreme Court access via writs
(Remedies)

R – Reserved Land reform, Ninth Schedule, Socio-


31A–31C Aloo Bhindi Curry 🥘
Exceptions economic goals vs FR

🧾 Mini Mnemonics by Article Group

Article 14–18: Right to Equality

🧠 Mnemonic: Every Potato Deserves Utmost Taste

 14: Equality before law

 15: No discrimination

 16: Equal opportunity in govt jobs

 17: Abolition of untouchability

 18: Abolition of titles

Article 19 – Six Freedoms


🧠 Mnemonic: Some People Are Moving Really Fast

 Speech

 Peaceful assembly

 Association/unions

 Movement

 Residence

 Freedom of profession

🧄 Articles 20–22: Legal Protections

🧠 Mnemonic: Chilli Paneer Love ❤️

 20: Protection in convictions (no ex post facto, double jeopardy, self-incrimination)

 21: Right to life & liberty (includes privacy, environment, etc.)

 21A: Free & compulsory education (6–14 yrs)

 22: Rights during arrest/detention

🚫 Articles 23–24: Right Against Exploitation

🧠 Mnemonic: Tomatoes End Exploitation 🍅

 23: Ban on human trafficking, forced labour

 24: No child labour under 14 (in hazardous jobs)

🛐 Articles 25–28: Freedom of Religion

🧠 Mnemonic: Pickle Makes Religion Tasteful 🥒

 25: Freedom of religion and conscience

 26: Manage religious affairs

 27: No religious taxes

 28: No religious teaching in state-funded schools


🎓 Articles 29–30: Culture & Education

🧠 Mnemonic: Cake Exists for Minorities 🎂

 29: Right to conserve language/culture

 30: Minority rights to run institutions

⚖️Article 32: Right to Constitutional Remedies

🧠 Mnemonic: Corn Saves Rights 🌽

 Enforce Fundamental Rights directly via writs (Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Certiorari,
Prohibition, Quo Warranto)

🍛 Articles 31A–31C: Exceptions

🧠 Mnemonic: Aloo Bhindi Curry 🥘

 31A: Land reforms protected

 31B: Ninth Schedule (laws immune to FR challenge)

 31C: Certain Directive Principles override Art. 14 & 19

Right to Equality (Articles 14-18)

 Art. 14: Equality before law and equal protection.

 Art. 15: Prohibits discrimination based on religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth.

 Art. 16: Equality of opportunity in public employment.

 Art. 17: Abolition of untouchability.

 Art. 18: Abolition of titles (except military/academic).


Right to Freedom (Articles 19-22)

 Art. 19: Six freedoms—speech, assembly, association, movement, residence, profession.

 Art. 20: Protection in respect of conviction (Ex-post facto laws, double jeopardy, self-
incrimination).

 Art. 21: Right to life and personal liberty—includes privacy, environment, etc.

 Art. 21A: Right to education (6-14 years), via 86th Amendment.

 Art. 22: Protection against arbitrary arrest (especially under preventive detention).

🚫 Right Against Exploitation (Articles 23-24)

 Art. 23: Prohibits trafficking and forced labor.

 Art. 24: Prohibits child labor (under 14 years in hazardous jobs).

🛐 Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28)

 Art. 25: Freedom of conscience and religion.

 Art. 26: Right to manage religious affairs.

 Art. 27: Freedom from religious taxes.

 Art. 28: No religious instruction in govt-funded institutions.

🎓 Cultural & Educational Rights (Articles 29-30)

 Art. 29: Protection of language, script, culture of minorities.

 Art. 30: Right of minorities to manage educational institutions.

⚖️Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32)

 Can approach Supreme Court directly for enforcement.

 Remedies via writs: Habeas Corpus, Mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari, Quo Warranto.
🚨 Exceptions & Limitations

 Art. 31 (Right to Property): Repealed, now a legal right under Art. 300A.

 Art. 31A-C: Save land reform and socio-economic laws from judicial review.

 Ninth Schedule (via Art. 31B): Protects certain laws from being challenged.

o Post-Kesavananda Bharati (1973) laws still subject to basic structure doctrine


(I.R. Coelho case).

Special Provisions (Articles 33-35)

 Art. 33: Modify rights for armed forces.

 Art. 34: Indemnity during martial law.

 Art. 35: Parliament-exclusive power to legislate on certain fundamental rights.

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