The document discusses the factors affecting the shape and function of red blood cells (RBCs), including their biconcave shape for maximizing surface area and the role of various nutrients and growth factors in erythropoiesis. It outlines the stages of RBC maturation, the impact of erythropoietin, and classifications of anemia based on morphological and etiological criteria. Additionally, it highlights the importance of specific vitamins and minerals in RBC production and the consequences of deficiencies.
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Physiology - RBC
The document discusses the factors affecting the shape and function of red blood cells (RBCs), including their biconcave shape for maximizing surface area and the role of various nutrients and growth factors in erythropoiesis. It outlines the stages of RBC maturation, the impact of erythropoietin, and classifications of anemia based on morphological and etiological criteria. Additionally, it highlights the importance of specific vitamins and minerals in RBC production and the consequences of deficiencies.
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RBC
Factor that affect the shape of ROC
sno nucleus to maximize hemoglobin content
no vibosome to it won't syntherize hemoglobin cell membrane Ao cytoskeleton
sno mitochondria chemoglobin inside the cell
“biconcave shape for larger surface area, RBC
cnormocytic Normal size
normochromic: nermal concentration of hemaglobin, stain normally
Function of ROC
-transpord of 0; CO, :
‘at “ fs ity -wscroagtasis: smaller dameter due 40 reduction of MCV
contributes to blood volume -macrocytosis : bigger diameter due +o increase in MCV
viseosi _hgpochromia: reduction of stain eve 40 reduction of MCHC
canisocytosis : size increased
Hemopoietic Growth Factor poitslocytosis » nereased proportion of abnermal cell-chaped
~ cytokines,
~erythropoietin
= colony stimutating Factors cst) | Heel to
MCH * "Rg¢ count
Site of Exythropoiesis unit pleagram CPg)
= mesoderm of yolk sac(mesoblastic stage) : Q-2 months macy: haematocrit 49
stiver o spleen Chepatic stage): 2-7 months RBC count
-bone marrow Cmyeloid stage) A-5 months onware ds unit: Femtotitres (#2) or Yorn
-ail bone marrow «at birth tote!
MCHC: «100
haematocrit
-red bone marrow: adults
ly in bone marrow but if liver or spleen units g 1h ov %o
3% adult produce RBC only
it called extramedullary haemopoiesis
produce it instead...
Nutritional Requirements
Stages of Erythropoiesis for Erythropeiesis
1) pronormoblast :has large nucleus that contains smacronuirient: protein
certain nucleoli cmineral : Fe, Mg Cu 40 C
early erythroblast - nucleoli disappear svitomin® Bia.
3 late erythrobiast Hb appeared Life Soon of RBC
4) late normoblast : nucleus becomes pyknotic +120 cys
-old RBC will rupture as it
5) reticulocyte * flat disc-shaped non-nucieated cell passes into narrow capillaries
6) erythrocyte: biconcave disc
Rote oF Bia
-togynthesia DNA: dor Jormation of thymidine triphosphate
sorbed ftom GIT foo stored in large quantities ky liver
sab
‘then slowly released as needed by bone marrow
OF if lack,,can Cause failure of nuclear maturation 40
RBC larger than usual smacrocytes
Morphological Changes During
Maturation of RBCs
Role of Erythropoietin
sa “core ‘pat secreted
bby the Kidney /liVEr ty enc count /hemaglobin +cell size .
«stimuli ky hypoxia & low Om heme -nuclear chromatin slowly
lung disease. disappear
«nucleoli disappear Classification of Anaemia
= morphologically 5 Wintrobe’s
Cnormocytic normochromic Caples )
Lnormal MCV , normal MCHC
smicrocytic hypochromic
Lreduced MCV, reduced MCHC
smacrocytic normochromic
Cincreased MCV, normal MCHC
- chnically
-weakness fatigue
CRBC W, hypoxia tissue
on-shaped nail
bras nPetetion of blood
headache
Clack of 0, 40 the brain
= etiolagically 5 Whitky’s
RBC
L producti
LiFe deficiency
L fold acid defciency
Cvitemin Bra deficiency
Loplastic
4 destruction of RBC
Usickle ceil
Lthalassemia
Lspheroeytosis
Lhaemolysins in Snake venom
sabnormal lots of blood
Uhemorrhage
Uheauy menstrual loss