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Understanding Inputs, Processes, Outputs

The document explains the concepts of input, process, and output in programming, detailing how data is entered, transformed, and displayed. It provides examples of calculating the area of a shape and the average test score, illustrating the use of INPUT and OUTPUT commands. Additionally, it discusses the importance of sequence in programming, emphasizing that code must be executed in the order it is written to avoid errors.

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13 views2 pages

Understanding Inputs, Processes, Outputs

The document explains the concepts of input, process, and output in programming, detailing how data is entered, transformed, and displayed. It provides examples of calculating the area of a shape and the average test score, illustrating the use of INPUT and OUTPUT commands. Additionally, it discusses the importance of sequence in programming, emphasizing that code must be executed in the order it is written to avoid errors.

Uploaded by

haileymwenye
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Pseudocode

Input, process, output


What is an input?

 An input is data or information being entered/taken into a program before it is


processed in the algorithm
 An input can come from a variety of sources, such as:
o User - keyboard, mouse, controller, microphone
o Sensors - temperature, pressure, movement
 Values are input using the INPUT command

INPUT <identifier>
What is a process?

 A process is a doing action performed in the algorithm that transforms inputs into the
desired output. The central processing unit (CPU) executes the instructions that define
the process
 An example would be:
o Comparing two numbers
o Calculating an average

What is an output?

 An output is the result of the processing in an algorithm and usually the way a user
can see if an algorithm works as intended
 An output can take various forms, such as:
o Numbers - result of calculations
o Text
o Images
o Actions - triggering events
 Values are output using the OUTPUT command

OUTPUT <value(s)>
More than one value can be output in the same command when separated by commas

OUTPUT "First name: ", Fname, "Surname: ", Sname


Example 1 - Area of a shape

 A user wants to write a program to calculate the area of a shape

Input Process Output


 Length
 Length X width  Area
 Width
// Calculate the area of a rectangle

INPUT Length
INPUT Width

Area ← Length * Width

OUTPUT "The area is ", Area


Example 2 - Average test score

 A teacher wants to calculate the average mark achieved on a test amongst students in a
class
 The teacher needs to enter how many students in the class and for each students a score
out of 50

Input Process Output


 TotalScore = TotalScore + score per
 Number of
student  Average
students
 Average = TotalScore / Number of mark
 Score per student
students

// Calculate the average test score for a class

DECLARE TotalScore : INTEGER


DECLARE Score : INTEGER
DECLARE NumberOfStudents : INTEGER
DECLARE Average : REAL

TotalScore ← 0

INPUT NumberOfStudents

FOR StudentIndex ← 1 TO NumberOfStudents


OUTPUT "Enter score for student ", StudentIndex
INPUT Score
TotalScore ← TotalScore + Score
NEXT StudentIndex

Average ← TotalScore / NumberOfStudents

OUTPUT "The average score is ", Average


Programming constructs
What is sequence?

 Sequence refers to lines of code which are run one line at a time
 The lines of code are run in the order that they written from the first line of code
to the last line of code
 Sequence is crucial to the flow of a program, any instructions out of sequence
can lead to unexpected behaviour or errors

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