Detailed Specifications

 Earthwork in excavation in foundation in building construction

1. Scope
This specification covers the excavation of soil for foundation trenches of
buildings including removal of materials, disposal, trimming, and maintaining the
excavated surface as per the approved drawing and site instructions. The work shall
be executed following Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS), NBC 205:1994
(Architectural Design Requirements), and standard practices adopted by the
Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC), Nepal.
2. Setting Out and Clearing
 The foundation lines and levels shall be set out accurately using pegs, strings, and
lime powder as per the working drawings.
 Surface vegetation, roots, debris, and any loose materials within the excavation area
shall be cleared and disposed of before commencing excavation.
3. Depth and Dimensions of Excavation
 The depth and width of excavation shall be as per structural drawings or as
instructed by the engineer-in-charge.
 Excavation shall be carried out up to firm strata or specified levels. Over-excavation
shall not be permitted unless approved.
4. Method of Excavation
 Excavation shall be carried out manually or mechanically, depending on the nature
of soil, depth, and site accessibility.
 The sides of the trenches shall be neatly dressed and properly sloped or shored to
avoid collapse as per NBC 201:1994.
5. Dewatering and Water Control
 Necessary dewatering arrangements shall be made to keep the excavation dry
during construction activities.
 Water collected due to seepage or rain should be pumped out properly and shall not
stagnate in trenches.
6. Disposal of Excavated Material
 Suitable excavated soil shall be stacked separately for backfilling or reuse.
 Surplus soil and unsuitable material shall be disposed of at designated locations as
directed by the engineer, maintaining environmental and safety norms.
7. Protection and Safety
 Barricades, caution tapes, and warning signs shall be placed around excavation to
prevent accidents.
 The excavation should be protected against collapse, flooding, and waterlogging
throughout the execution.
8. Measurement and Payment
 Excavation shall be measured in cubic meters (m³) based on actual volume
excavated.
  No extra payment shall be made for over-excavation or excavation beyond
dimensions shown unless specifically ordered.
9. Final Acceptance
 The excavated foundation shall be inspected and approved by the supervising
engineer before placing any concrete or footing.
 The bottom of the trench shall be levelled, compacted, and moistened prior to
further construction.

 Brickwork in cement sand mortar in building construction

(As per Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS), DUDBC Guidelines, NBC 109:2020, and IS
references where applicable)
1. Scope
This specification covers the construction of brick masonry using first-class burnt clay
bricks in cement sand mortar for both load-bearing and non-load-bearing walls in building
construction. All work shall be performed in accordance with approved drawings and
supervised by a qualified engineer.
2. Materials
Bricks:
 Bricks shall be first-class, well-burnt, uniform in size, shape, and colour, and free
from cracks, flaws, or harmful salts.
 The bricks shall conform to IS:1077 and NBC 109:2020, with minimum
compressive strength of 75 kg/cm² and water absorption not exceeding 20%.
Mortar:
 Cement shall be Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 43 grade or PPC, conforming
to NS/IS standards.
 Fine aggregate (sand) shall be clean, well-graded, and free from silt or organic
matter.
 Mortar mix shall be 1:4 to 1:6 (cement:sand) by volume, depending on structural
requirement and location of brickwork.
3. Preparation and Laying
 Bricks shall be soaked in water for at least 1 hour before use to prevent absorption
of water from mortar.
 Mortar shall be freshly prepared and used within 30 minutes of mixing.
 Brickwork shall be started from corners and built uniformly in horizontal layers
using a stretcher bond unless specified otherwise.
4. Workmanship
 Each brick shall be laid with frog (if any) facing upward, and pressed firmly into
position to ensure full contact with mortar.
 Vertical and horizontal joints shall be not more than 10 mm thick and filled
completely with mortar.
 Brickwork shall be carried up evenly in courses, and no part shall be raised more
than 1.0 meter above another at any time.
 Raking back of unfinished work shall be done to ensure proper bonding.
5. Curing and Protection
 Brickwork shall be kept moist for at least 7 days after laying for proper curing.
 The newly built wall shall be protected from rain, frost, or rapid drying by
appropriate coverings.
6. Tolerances and Finishing
 The face of the brickwork shall be clean, true to line and plumb, with joints raked to
receive plaster.
 The permissible deviation in verticality shall be not more than 10 mm in a 3-meter
height.
7. Measurement and Payment
 Measurement shall be taken in cubic meters (m³) for actual volume of brickwork
executed.
 No deductions shall be made for openings less than 0.1 m², and standard deductions
shall be applied as per DUDBC norms.

 Stone masonry work in cement sand mortar in building construction

1. Scope
This specification covers the construction of random or coursed rubble stone masonry in
cement sand mortar for foundation, plinth, walls, and retaining structures in buildings. All
work shall be carried out as per Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS), DUDBC norms, and
NBC 109:2020 (Masonry Design Code).
2. Materials
Stones:
 Stones shall be locally available hard, durable, and angular in shape, free from
cracks, decay, or weathered surfaces.
 The size of stones shall be such that their weight does not exceed 50 kg for easy
handling.
 At least 50% of the stones used in masonry shall have a minimum thickness of 150
mm.
Mortar:
 Mortar shall be prepared using cement and clean, well-graded sand in a proportion
of 1:4 to 1:6 (cement:sand) by volume.
 The mixing of mortar shall be done on a clean watertight platform and should be
used within 30 minutes of preparation.
3. Workmanship and Laying
 The foundation base shall be cleaned and wetted before starting stone masonry work.
 Stones shall be laid with full bearing on the bed, without hollow spaces, and
properly bedded in mortar.
 The vertical joints shall be staggered, and through stones shall be placed at regular
intervals (at least one in every 1 m² of wall face).
 Chiselled stones shall be used at corners (quoins) and jambs for improved strength
and appearance.
  The thickness of horizontal and vertical joints shall not exceed 20 mm, and all joints
shall be fully filled with mortar.
4. Bonding and Stability
 Stones shall be interlocked properly with adjacent stones to ensure bond and
stability.
 For walls more than 500 mm thick, the inner and outer wythes should be
interconnected using through stones or headers.
 Wall surfaces shall be kept true to line, plumb, and level, with face stones neatly
arranged.
5. Curing and Protection
 Masonry work shall be cured for a minimum of 7 days, keeping it continuously
moist.
 The freshly constructed stone masonry should be protected from rain, frost, and
direct sun exposure using hessian or plastic sheets.
6. Measurement and Payment
 Measurement shall be made in cubic meters (m³) for the actual volume of stone
masonry executed.
 Deductions shall be made for openings, chases, or recesses exceeding 0.1 m² as per
standard rules.

 Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) Work in Building Construction

1. Scope
This specification covers the materials, workmanship, and quality control for RCC work in
structural elements such as beams, columns, slabs, lintels, and footings in building
construction. All work shall be executed as per Nepal Building Code (NBC 110:2020 –
Concrete Design Code), DUDBC norms, and Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS 2000).
2. Materials
Cement:
 Cement shall be Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) conforming to NS 49 or PPC
conforming to NS 385.
Aggregates:
 Fine aggregates (sand) and coarse aggregates shall be clean, hard, durable, and
well-graded, conforming to IS:383 and local standards.
Water:
 Water used for mixing and curing shall be clean, potable, and free from harmful
substances.
Reinforcement:
 Reinforcing steel bars shall be deformed high yield strength bars (Fe 500 or
equivalent) conforming to NS 191 or IS:1786.
 Bars shall be free from rust, oil, and other contaminants before placing.
3. Mix Design and Proportioning
 Concrete mix shall be designed as per structural requirements, using Nominal Mix
(1:2:4, 1:1.5:3) or Design Mix (M20 or above) based on NBC 110.
  Water-cement ratio shall not exceed 0.50 unless otherwise specified.
4. Batching, Mixing, and Transportation
 Concrete ingredients shall be measured accurately by volume or weight.
 Mixing shall be done using a mechanical mixer, ensuring uniform consistency.
 Mixed concrete should be transported quickly to the site without segregation or
delay.
5. Formwork and Reinforcement Placement
 Formwork shall be strong, rigid, and leak-proof, capable of withstanding all loads
during concreting.
 Reinforcement bars shall be placed as per structural drawings, fixed securely, and
provided with required cover blocks (minimum 25–40 mm depending on
exposure).
6. Placing, Compaction, and Curing
 Concrete shall be placed in position within 30 minutes of mixing and shall be
compacted using mechanical vibrators.
 After setting, RCC work shall be cured for at least 7 to 14 days, keeping the surface
continuously moist.
7. Finishing and Quality Control
 The top surface of slabs and beams shall be levelled and finished smooth.
 Concrete shall be tested for slump, cube strength, and core sampling as directed by
the supervising engineer.
8. Measurement and Payment
 RCC work shall be measured in cubic meters (m³) excluding formwork and
reinforcement.
 Formwork and steel reinforcement shall be measured and paid separately as per
BOQ provisions.

 Plain Cement Concrete (PCC) Work in Building Construction

1. Scope
This specification covers the construction of plain cement concrete (PCC) for non-
reinforced elements such as foundation beds, flooring, plinths, and levelling courses. The
work shall be carried out in conformity with Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS),
DUDBC guidelines, and NBC 110:2020 (Concrete Design Code).
2. Materials
Cement:
 Cement shall be Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) conforming to NS 49 or
Pozzolanic Portland Cement (PPC) conforming to NS 385.
Aggregates:
 Fine aggregates (sand) shall be clean, coarse, sharp, and free from organic matter.
 Coarse aggregates shall be crushed or natural stone, graded between 10 mm to 40
mm as per requirements.
 Aggregates shall conform to IS:383 or relevant Nepali standards.
Water:
  Water shall be clean and potable, free from harmful chemicals, salts, and suspended
matter.
3. Mix Proportion
 The mix shall be nominal (1:2:4, 1:3:6, or 1:4:8) depending on the structural and
non-structural use.
 The water-cement ratio shall not exceed 0.55, and the slump shall be between 50–
100 mm based on site conditions.
4. Surface Preparation and Formwork
 The subgrade or base surface shall be compacted, levelled, and moistened before
placing PCC.
 If formwork is used, it shall be watertight, rigid, and properly aligned to maintain
the shape of the concrete member.
5. Mixing, Placing, and Compaction
 Concrete shall be machine-mixed for uniform consistency and quality.
 The mixed concrete shall be placed immediately, avoiding segregation and excessive
delay.
 Compaction shall be done manually with tampers or using vibrators, depending on
the thickness of the layer.
6. Curing and Protection
 PCC shall be kept moist for at least 7 days to allow for proper hydration and
strength gain.
 The surface should be protected from direct sunlight, wind, and rain immediately
after placing.
7. Finishing
 The exposed surface of PCC shall be finished smooth with a wooden or steel float
as required.
 Slopes and levels should be maintained as per drawing for surface drainage and
usability.
8. Measurement and Payment
 PCC shall be measured in cubic meters (m³) based on the volume placed as per
drawings.
 Formwork, if used, shall be measured and paid separately as specified in the
BOQ.

 Plastering in Cement Sand Mortar in Building Construction

1. Scope
This specification covers the preparation and application of cement sand mortar plaster
on walls, ceilings, columns, and other structural elements for both interior and exterior
surfaces. All works shall be performed as per Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS 2000),
DUDBC guidelines, and NBC 205:1994 (Architectural Design Requirements).
2. Materials
Cement:
  Cement used shall be Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) conforming to NS 49 or
Pozzolanic Portland Cement (PPC) as per NS 385.
Sand:
 Sand shall be clean, well-graded, angular, and free from clay, silt, and organic
impurities. It should conform to IS:1542 or equivalent standards.
Water:
 Water shall be clean and potable, free from salts and organic matter, and suitable for
mixing and curing.
3. Surface Preparation
 The masonry or concrete surface shall be cleaned, free from dust, grease, laitance,
and loose materials.
 The surface should be wetted thoroughly with water for at least 6 hours prior to
application of plaster.
 All joints and surface irregularities shall be raked to a depth of 10–12 mm to ensure
better bonding.
4. Mortar Mix and Thickness
 The mortar mix shall be 1:4 to 1:6 (cement:sand) depending on location and type of
surface (internal or external).
 The thickness of plaster shall generally be 12 mm for internal walls and 15–20 mm
for external walls unless otherwise specified.
5. Application and Finishing
 Plaster shall be applied in uniform layers using trowel, starting from top to bottom.
 The mortar shall be pressed firmly to fill all uneven surfaces, ensuring no air gaps
or hollowness.
 Surface shall be finished true to line, level, and plumb using a wooden or steel float.
 For multi-coat plaster, the second coat shall be applied only after the first coat has
properly set and cured.
6. Curing and Protection
 Plastered surfaces shall be cured for a minimum of 7 days to prevent cracking and
ensure strength.
 Surfaces shall be protected from rapid drying, direct sunlight, rain, and frost
using damp coverings or sprinkling.
7. Measurement and Payment
 Plastering shall be measured in square meters (m²) of surface area plastered.
 Deductions shall be made for openings larger than 0.5 m², as per DUDBC and NSS
guidelines.

 Painting Works in Building Construction

1. Scope
This specification outlines the requirements for painting interior and exterior surfaces of
buildings, including plastered walls, ceilings, woodwork, and metal surfaces. All painting
works shall be carried out as per Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS 2000), DUDBC
Guidelines, and NBC 205:1994 (Architectural Design Requirements).
2. Materials
 Paint materials shall be of approved make, brand, and quality, conforming to
relevant NS/IS standards.
 Paint types shall include cement-based primer, distemper, emulsion, enamel, or
weatherproof paint, depending on surface type and location.
 Thinners, primers, putty, and other additives shall be compatible with the paint
used, and approved by the supervising engineer.
3. Surface Preparation
 The surface to be painted shall be clean, dry, and free from dust, grease, algae, old
paint flakes, and efflorescence.
 All undulations or cracks shall be filled with putty or filler compound, and allowed
to dry and sanded smooth.
 New plastered surfaces shall be allowed to cure for a minimum of 28 days before
painting.
4. Priming and Undercoating
 A coat of primer shall be applied to all surfaces before painting.
 Primer shall be appropriate to the surface type (e.g., cement primer for walls, wood
primer for timber).
 The primed surface should be allowed to dry for the period specified by the
manufacturer before applying further coats.
5. Application of Paint
 Paint shall be applied uniformly using brush, roller, or spray, as per product
instructions.
 A minimum of two coats of paint shall be applied, or more if needed to achieve an
even and opaque finish.
 Each coat should be allowed to dry thoroughly before applying the next coat.
 Painting shall be done in dry weather, and surfaces should be protected from dust
and moisture during drying.
6. Protection and Safety
 Adjacent surfaces, floors, and fittings shall be protected using covers or masking
tape.
 Adequate ventilation should be ensured, and personal protective equipment (PPE)
shall be used by workers handling paint and chemicals.
7. Finishing and Quality
 Painted surfaces shall be smooth, uniform in colour, and free from brush marks,
runs, or patches.
 Any defective area shall be repainted to the satisfaction of the engineer-in-charge.
8. Measurement and Payment
 Painting works shall be measured in square meters (m²) of actual area painted.
 Priming, putty, and preparation costs shall be considered included in the painting
rates unless stated otherwise.
 Wood Work for Doors and Windows Frames and Panels in Building
Construction
1. Scope
This specification includes the materials, workmanship, and installation of wooden doors
and window frames and panels in residential and institutional buildings. The work shall be
executed in accordance with the Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS), DUDBC standard
drawings, and NBC 205:1994 (Architectural Design Requirements).
2. Materials
Timber:
 Timber shall be seasoned, well-dried, free from knots, cracks, warps, fungal
attacks, and insect damage.
 Commonly used species like Sal (Shorea robusta) or other hardwoods shall be
preferred, and the timber shall conform to NS or IS 287.
 Moisture content shall not exceed 12–15% at the time of fabrication and
installation.
Fasteners and Fittings:
 Hinges, bolts, screws, locks, handles, and holdfasts shall be galvanized or stainless
steel, conforming to IS:1341 and IS:204 or equivalent standards.
3. Frames and Shutters
 Frames shall be made of solid timber sections of uniform cross-section, joined at
corners using mortise and tenon joints with proper glue and screws.
 Shutters shall consist of solid panels, flush panels, or partly glazed panels as per
drawing and design.
 The thickness of door frames shall generally be not less than 100 mm × 75 mm, and
shutter thickness shall be 25–40 mm depending on usage.
4. Workmanship and Finishing
 All edges shall be planed smooth, straight, and square.
 All contact surfaces of joints shall be glued with synthetic resin adhesive.
 Primer or wood preservative shall be applied on hidden or embedded surfaces to
prevent decay and insect attack.
 Exposed surfaces should be polished or painted as specified in the contract.
5. Fixing and Installation
 Frames shall be fixed in position using MS holdfasts embedded in masonry or
concrete.
 Doors and windows should be installed true to line, level, and plumb, with proper
clearances (usually 3–5 mm) for operation.
 Hinges and fittings shall be screwed tightly, and shutter movement shall be smooth
and noiseless.
6. Measurement and Payment
 Wood work shall be measured in cubic meters (m³) for frames and square meters
(m²) for shutters/panels.
 Fittings, polishing, and painting shall be measured and paid for separately unless
otherwise stated.
 Corrugated Galvanized Iron (CGI) Sheet Roofing Work in Building
Construction
1. Scope
This specification covers the supply, fabrication, and installation of corrugated galvanized
iron (CGI) sheet roofing including purlins, fixing accessories, overlaps, and rainwater
disposal. The work shall conform to the provisions of the Nepal Standard Specifications
(NSS), DUDBC Standard Drawings, and NBC 205:1994 (Architectural Design
Requirements).
2. Materials
Roofing Sheets:
 CGI sheets shall be galvanized mild steel with uniform zinc coating not less than
120 gsm as per IS:277 or equivalent.
 The sheets shall be corrugated with standard profiles and of minimum thickness
0.45 mm (24 gauge) unless otherwise specified.
Accessories:
 Fixing accessories shall include J or L hooks with nuts and washers (rubber and
metal), ridge sheets, barge boards, and flashings.
 Purlins shall be of MS angle, wood, or galvanized steel, adequately spaced to
support the sheets without sagging.
3. Surface Preparation and Handling
 Sheets shall be handled with care to avoid damage to edges, coatings, or profiles.
 All components shall be clean and free from rust, oil, or dirt before installation.
4. Installation and Fixing
 CGI sheets shall be fixed with minimum side lap of one corrugation and end lap of
at least 150 mm.
 Sheets shall be placed from leeward to windward direction and fixed from bottom
to top to prevent uplift.
 Fixing shall be done using galvanized iron J/L bolts with neoprene washers spaced
at not more than 300 mm along purlins.
 Ridge, hip, and valley sheets shall be installed with proper overlaps and sealed to
prevent water ingress.
5. Slope and Drainage
 The roof slope should be not less than 1 in 5 (approximately 11°) to allow proper
rainwater drainage.
 Provision shall be made for gutters, downpipes, and splash blocks to control water
runoff.
6. Safety and Protection
 Workers shall use proper safety gear and fall protection equipment.
 Roofing work shall be suspended during high winds or heavy rain for safety and
quality control.
7. Measurement and Payment
  Roofing shall be measured in square meters (m²) based on the plan area covered,
including overlaps.
 Accessories such as ridge pieces, gutters, and downpipes shall be measured and paid
separately.

 Electrification Works in Building Construction

1. Scope
This specification covers the materials, installation, and testing of electrical wiring, fixtures,
switches, sockets, circuit protection devices, and related components for residential and
institutional buildings. The work shall comply with Nepal Electricity Authority (NEA)
regulations, Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS), NBC 207:1994 (Electrical Design
Code), and DUDBC Guidelines.
2. Materials
 All materials used shall be ISI-marked or NS-certified, new, and of approved make.
 Wires shall be PVC-insulated, multi-stranded copper conductor conforming to
IS:694 or equivalent.
 Conduits shall be rigid PVC or GI, conforming to IS:9537, and shall be of suitable
diameter (minimum 20 mm for light points).
 Switches, sockets, MCBs, and distribution boards shall be of standard modular type
and properly rated.
3. Wiring and Conduiting
 Wiring shall be done using the conduit system, either concealed in walls and slabs or
surface-mounted as required.
 Wires shall be drawn through conduits after plastering is completed and conduits
are cleaned.
 Separate circuits should be provided for lighting and power outlets, with proper
circuit segregation.
 Colour coding of wires shall be followed: Red/Yellow for phase, Black for neutral,
Green for earth.
4. Earthing and Safety
 All metal fixtures and appliances shall be properly earthed using copper or GI earth
electrodes.
 The earth resistance shall not exceed 5 ohms.
 Earth leakage protection devices (ELCB/RCCB) shall be installed in the main
panel for safety.
 Safety signage and temporary protective covers shall be used during construction
phase.
5. Installation of Fixtures and Accessories
 Switches, outlets, and fixtures shall be installed at standard heights (switchboards at
1.2 m, sockets at 0.3–0.6 m from floor).
 Light fixtures and fans shall be fixed securely and aligned properly, as per layout
drawings.
  Final connection of appliances should be done only after insulation testing and
approval by the supervising engineer.
6. Testing and Commissioning
 All circuits shall be tested for continuity, insulation resistance, polarity, and earth
fault loop impedance before energizing.
 Test results should be recorded and submitted to the engineer for approval.
7. Measurement and Payment
 Electrification work shall be measured item-wise, including points, circuits,
switchboards, fixtures, and earthing.
 Wiring length, conduit runs, and fixture types shall be recorded and paid as per the
BOQ.

 Water Supply and Sanitary Works in Building Construction

1. Scope
This specification includes the supply, installation, testing, and commissioning of water
supply and sanitary fittings, pipelines, drainage, and sewerage systems within a building.
All works shall comply with the Nepal Standard Specifications (NSS), DUDBC guidelines,
and NBC 206:2003 (Sanitary and Plumbing Design Code).
2. Materials
Pipes and Fittings:
 Pipes for water supply shall be HDPE, CPVC, or GI (as specified), conforming to
IS:4984 (for HDPE) or IS:15778 (for CPVC).
 Sanitary and drainage pipes shall be uPVC, CI, or RCC, depending on the size and
location.
 All fittings shall be leak-proof, corrosion-resistant, and of approved make.
Valves and Fixtures:
 Valves such as gate valves, ball valves, and check valves shall be of brass or
gunmetal with IS certification.
 Sanitary fixtures such as wash basins, WCs, urinals, and sinks shall be ceramic or
stainless steel of approved quality and design.
3. Water Supply Installation
 Water supply system shall include rising main, overhead tank, internal piping, and
fixtures.
 Pipes shall be laid with proper alignment and support, and should not be concealed
without pressure testing.
 The layout shall ensure minimum joints, and bends and tees shall be avoided
wherever possible.
4. Sanitary and Drainage System
 Soil, waste, and vent pipes shall be laid with correct slope (minimum 1 in 40 for
horizontal pipes).
 All joints shall be watertight, and bends shall be provided with clean-outs or
inspection chambers.
  Traps (e.g., P-trap, S-trap) shall be used at all sanitary fixtures to prevent foul gas
entry.
5. Testing and Disinfection
 Water supply lines shall be tested hydraulically at 1.5 times the working pressure
for leakage.
 Drainage and sewer lines shall be tested for water tightness using a water test or
smoke test.
 The entire water system should be flushed and disinfected with chlorine before
commissioning.
6. Installation and Safety
 All pipes and fittings shall be installed true to line and level, using proper tools and
supports.
 Sharp tools or flames shall not be used on plastic pipes.
 Work shall be carried out under the supervision of a qualified plumber, approved by
the engineer-in-charge.
7. Measurement and Payment
 Water and sanitary works shall be measured in running meters (for pipes) and
number (for fittings and fixtures).
 Chambers, tanks, and manholes shall be measured in cubic meters as per BOQ
provisions.

 General Specification: Bituminous Road Construction Work

1. Scope
This specification covers the construction of bituminous pavements, including preparation
of base, application of tack coat or prime coat, and laying of bituminous layers such as
premix carpet, bituminous macadam, dense bituminous macadam (DBM), and asphalt
concrete (AC). All work shall be performed in accordance with the Department of Roads
(DoR) Standard Specifications, Nepal Road Standards (NRS 2070), and relevant IRC
codes.
2. Materials
Bitumen:
 Bitumen shall be VG-10 or VG-30 grade, conforming to IS:73 or equivalent Nepali
standards.
 The bitumen shall be homogeneous, free from water and impurities, and stored in
heated tanks with thermostatic control.
Aggregates:
 Coarse and fine aggregates shall be clean, angular, durable, and well-graded,
conforming to MORT&H or DoR gradation tables.
 Aggregates shall be free from dust, clay, and organic matter.
3. Preparation of Base
 The sub-base and base course shall be well compacted, levelled, and free from loose
material or standing water.
  Any soft or unsuitable material shall be removed and replaced before bituminous
work begins.
4. Prime Coat and Tack Coat
 A prime coat shall be applied over granular base using bitumen emulsion (SS1) or
cutback bitumen at a rate of 7–10 kg/10 m².
 A tack coat shall be applied on bituminous or concrete surfaces at a rate of 0.25–0.5
kg/m² using a mechanical sprayer.
5. Bituminous Layer Construction
 Bituminous mixes shall be prepared in batch or drum-type hot mix plants,
maintaining specified temperature (140–160°C).
 The mixture shall be transported, spread, and compacted while hot using paver
finishers and rollers.
 Rolling shall start immediately after laying and shall continue until the required
compaction (typically 98% of MDD) is achieved.
6. Surface Finish and Tolerances
 The finished surface shall be smooth, even, and free from cracks, ruts, or
segregation.
 Longitudinal and transverse joints shall be properly compacted and sealed.
7. Measurement and Payment
 Bituminous work shall be measured in square meters (m²) or metric tons, as per
BOQ.
 Payment shall be made based on actual work executed, including bitumen content
and compaction compliance.