UNIT 3

I. Multiple choice
1. The __________ interface is usually via a computer mouse or a pen and a digitalizing or
graphics tablet.
[Link]-machined [Link]-machine

[Link]-human D. machined human

2. The advantages of CAD are lower __________and a greatly shortened design cycle.
[Link] costs development B. costs product development

C. development produce costs D. product development costs

3. In preparing a ______it is best to use a control box when hand drawing a working
drawing.
[Link] planning [Link] plan [Link] location D. location plan
4. We should draw __________and width on the tracing film.
[Link] maximum length B. maximum design length

C. maximum length design D. length maximum design

5. During the design development stage all kinds of helpful information are gathered, so that
the materials and methods ______ for the project ______.
[Link]/can be checked B. proposing/can be checked

C. proposed/can check D. proposed/can be checked

6. When __________ a consultant, investors should bear ____ mind that a consultant
cannot act as a supervisor.
[Link]/in [Link]/on [Link]/in D. appointing/on
7. He says he _____ repair the roof, I don’t think he will, __________.
[Link]/though B. will /but C. will /though [Link]/though
8. Sometimes we have __________ of consultants to help with special jobs. I mean they are
not part of the company
[Link] [Link] [Link] D. inner
9. These construction materials are _______expensive ____ unpopular. We shouldn’t buy it.
[Link]/and [Link]/and [Link]/or D. neither/nor
10. We can’t employ these workers because they are _______ well-trained _____
experienced.
[Link]/and [Link]/and [Link]/or D. neither/nor
II. Matching
1. CAD program A. A 2D representation of a 3D object
2. Elevation B The outside measurement of a straight line from one side of a round
object to the other side, passing through the centre of the circle +10
3. Scale C The view from above +5
4. Workstation D Calculate the values, size, amount, etc of something +8
5. Plane view E A device that includes a mirror, which turns to keep reflecting
sunlight toward a specific point +6
6. Heliostat F The size of something compared to the original +3
 7. Cross section G An upright side of a building, as shown in a drawing +2
8. Estimate H A diagram, picture or technical drawing of an object that shows the
relationship or order of assembly of various parts +9
9. Exploded view I An area in an office with all the equipment and finishing for one
worker, e.g. computer, desk +4
10. External K defines the overall structure and form of the building
diameter
L Something that has been cut in half so that you can look at the inside
of it. Or a drawing of this +7
M A software allowing the use of computer technology for the
development of design and design documentation +1

III. Writing part 1: IF CLAUSE

[Link] the foreman carpenter works well, he is promoted to the general foreman.
If……
[Link] the engineer draws outside the control box, there is an error in the detailed
measurements.
If the engineer…………….
3. This engineer supervises the delivery of materials and the implementation, so he can report the
director about the material quantity.
If this engineer…….
4. As the concrete is watered every day, it becomes stronger and stronger through a chemical
process called hydration.
If…….
5. The hardened cement paste becomes harder as the temperature and moisture are suitable.
If …………
6. These labourers have to do all the soil work on the site because they are unskill ones.
If ….
7. This supervisor doesn’t do his supervision well because his lawful commencement and
execution of the construction work are very poor.
If ….
8. The company do not train these new staff so these people work inefficiently.
If …………
9. The design team does not prepare the drawings and the specifications, so they cannot
determine the construction costs for the owner.
If …
10. The material suppliers are not paid for the previous materials so they do not deliver the next
week materials for the construction.
If ………..
[Link] part 2: write about the CAD
- Be a software / allow the use of computer technology/ the development of design and
design documentation.
- Be use/ design curves and figures in two-dimensional space of curves, surfaces and
solids/ 3D objects.
 - Have/ a great number/ applications: automotive, shipbuilding and aerospace industries.

UNIT 4
I. Multiple choice
1. A(n) ______ is built vertically to transmit the weight of the structure to the sub-
soil.
A. roof B. shell [Link] D. column
2. A ______ is one of the basic structural elements which are capable of withstanding
load primarily by resisting bending force.
A. cantilever [Link] [Link] D. strut
3. A __________ is comprised of one or more triangular units constructed with
straight slender members.
A. strut [Link] [Link] D. cantilever
4. Typical applications of __________ are fuselages of aeroplanes, boat hulls and
roof structures.
A. cantilevers [Link] C. struts and ties D. thin-shell structures
5. __________ carry forces in compression in two directions while ______ carry
forces in compression in one direction only.
A. shells/arches B. arches/plates [Link]/ties D. beams/cantilevers
6. A __________may be a an arch but can be distinguished as a continuous arch
forming a roof.
A. beam [Link] [Link] D. truss
7. Do you know the Lotus Complex __________ he has been working for years?
A. which [Link] [Link] where D. that
8. This is the man __________ drawings are approved by the General Boards.
A. which [Link] [Link] D. where
9. The Kengnam, __________ was built 2 years ago, is now being mended.
A. which B. that C. where D. A&B are correct
10. A structure __________ refer to the architectural structure ____ is free-standing,
immobile outdoor construction.
A. might/where [Link]/who [Link]/whose D. might/that
II. Matching
1. An arch A. Shaped like a triangle, having three sides and three corners +10

2. A beam B. Rod or bar forming part of a framework and designed to resist

compression +9
3. A cantilever C. A curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening and typically
 supporting the weight of a bridge, roof, or wall above it +1
4. A dome D. A long, sturdy piece of squared timber or metal spanning an opening or
part of a building, usually to support the roof or floor above +2
5. A node E. A long projecting beam or girder fixed at only one end, used chiefly in
bridge construction +3
6. A shell F. A roof in the form of an arch or a series of arches, typically of churches
and other large, formal buildings +4
7. A shelter G. Pressure or tension exerted on a material object +8

8. A stress H. A place giving temporary protection from bad weather or danger +7

9. A strut I. The hard protective outer case of a mollusk or crustacean +6

[Link] J. A point at which lines or pathways intersect or branch; a central or

connecting point +5
11. K. A vertical structural element that can transmit through compression
12. L. A free-standing, immobile outdoor construction structure

[Link] part 1: WHO, WHICH, THAT…

1. The word “navvy” comes from navigation labourer, a strong labourer. He did
heavy work of digging canals in the English midlands 100-200 years ago.
The word…….
2. The designers are basically either architects or engineers. They design to the needs
of the building owners and often act as construction managers on the owner’s
behalf.
The designers…..
3. Cantilevers allow for overhanging structures without external bracing. They can
also be constructed with trusses or slabs.
Cantilevers…….
4. CAD is software. It allows the uses of computer technology for the development
of design and design documentation.
CAD……
5. There are different types of deep foundation. They can be made of timber, steel,
reinforced concrete and pre-tensioned concrete.
There are……
6. The ridge tiles cover both sides of the roof. They are made up of concrete.
The ridge tiles….
7. Navvies are usually the first men employed on a building site. The construction
work usually take place there.
Navvies ….
8. This building is going to be put into use. It has just been finished decorating.
 This building …..
9. The span is the distance between two towers. Its framework can be widened in
both sides.
The span ……….
10. Cantilevers are a type of structure used in constructing cable-stayed bridges. In
these cantilevers, a horizontal beam extends beyond its support.
Cantilevers….

[Link] part 2: write 80-100 words comparing beams with catilevers

BEAMS CANTILEVERS
- Structural element/ be capable/ - A beam/ support/ only one end.
withstand load primarily/ resist/
bending.
- Be use/ support/ deck/ bridge. - Allow/ overhang/ structures
without external bracing.
- Be/ make/ reinforced concrete/ pre- - Can be/ construct/ trusses/ slabs.
stressed concrete.
UNIT 5
[Link] choice
1. Concrete production is the process of mixing together the various ingredients
_________ to produce concrete.
A. cement, gravel, and coarse admixtures B. water, aggregate, cement, and any
additives
C. additives, water, cement and steel D. water, aggregate, cement, and sand
2. _________ generally consists of coarse gravels or crushed rocks such as limestone, or
granite, along with finer materials such as sand in a concrete mix.
A. Cement B. Additives C. Aggregate D. Pre-stressed concrete
3. Portland cement is manufactured by lime stone and clay which in a rotary kiln.
A. are mixed and ground B. is heated and then ground into powder
such
C. is heated then mixed in D. are heated and then ground into
powder
4. To produce reinforced concrete, most concrete is poured with reinforcing materials
(such as rebar) embedded to _________
A. make its strength B. provide tensile strength
C. provide compressive strength D. to gain compressive and tensile
strength
5. Concrete is strong in compression, as the aggregate efficiently carries the compression
load. However, it is weak in tension as _________ in place can crack.
A. the cement is holding the aggregate B. the cement which holding the
aggregate
C. the cement hold the aggregate D. the cement holding the aggregate
6. Pre-stressed concrete is used in a wide range of building and civil structures. It can
allow _________
A. longer spans B. reduced structural thicknesses
C. and material savings. D. A,B & C
7. Truss is structural steel or wood members ___are fastened together to make a
framework ____will span long distances. It uses the principle of rigid triangular panel.
A. who/who B. which/which C. who/that D. that/whose
8. A truss ____of one or more triangular units which ____with straight slender members.
A. is comprised /are constructed B. comprise / construct
C. was comprise /are constructed [Link] comprised /was constructed
9. A foundation ______________to distribute the load over the soil.
A. will need B. will be needed
C. will to be need D. will needed
10. Building material is any material______________used for a construction purpose.
A. which are B. which is C. that are D. whose is
[Link] A. The nature of something’s ingredients or constituents; the way in
which a whole or mixture is made up
[Link] B. The resistance of material under tension

[Link] C. Best choice as a binder

strength
[Link] D. Pieces of broken or crushed stone or gravel used to make concrete

[Link] E. concrete in which wire mesh or steel bars embedded to increase its
tensile strength
[Link] mixtures F. The relationship of one thing to another in terms of quantity, size,
or number; the ratio
[Link]-stressed G. Strengthened concrete by the application of stress during
concrete manufacture, especially by means of rods or wires inserted under
tention before the material is set
[Link] H. The resistance of a material to breaking under compression
concrete
[Link] strength I. A layer or body of accumulated matter

[Link] J. The process of causing something to absorb water or the process

of combining a substance chemically with water molecules
11. K. The action of adding an ingredient to concrete to improve its
properties
12. L. A component part of element of something
Writing part 1: COMPARISONS
1. Reinforced concrete has higher tensile strength than concrete without steel.
Concrete without steel does ….
2. Concrete is heavier than plastic and rubber.
Concrete is the ….
3. Portland is the most common cement in the world.
No other ….
4. Pre-stressed concrete can allow longer span than post-tensioned concrete in
building bridges.
Post-tensioned concrete cannot….
5. Travelling in this highway is safer than that in a local road.
Travelling in a local road …..
6. The concrete is stronger than it was yesterday.
The concrete yesterday was…
7. This concrete can resist compression forces better than that one as it is well-cured.
That concrete cannot……
III. Writing part 2: write 80-100 words about properties of concrete.
- Possess / high compressive strength
- Harden/ ages
- Be/ more economical/ steel
- Bind/ rapid/ steel
- Have/ tendency/ porous
- Form/ hard surface/ capable/ resist/ abrasion