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Electric Heaters Overview in Tagalog

Chapter Three discusses electric heating and space air conditioning, detailing various electric heating appliances such as electric kettles, immersion heaters, and both pressure and non-pressure type water heaters. It also covers space air conditioning methods including radiant heaters, convected heat systems, and thermal storage heaters. The chapter emphasizes the importance of safety devices and energy efficiency in heating systems.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
9 views5 pages

Electric Heaters Overview in Tagalog

Chapter Three discusses electric heating and space air conditioning, detailing various electric heating appliances such as electric kettles, immersion heaters, and both pressure and non-pressure type water heaters. It also covers space air conditioning methods including radiant heaters, convected heat systems, and thermal storage heaters. The chapter emphasizes the importance of safety devices and energy efficiency in heating systems.

Uploaded by

Ayomide Gegeleso
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

CHAPTER THREE

3.0. ELECTRIC HEATING, SPACE AIR CONDITIONING

3.1 ELECTRIC HEATING

One of the three main effects of an electric current is that heat is produced whenever current

passed through a wire. This heating effect is utilized in many forms of electric heating appliances

such as water heaters, fire cookers; A heating element consists of resistance wire supported on a

“former” which is capable of withstanding high temperature and is also a good electrical insulator.

Below are examples of electric heating equipment.

WATER HEATING: Below are examples of electric water heaters.

3.1.1 ELECTRIC KETTLE

This is a good example of an electric water heater. The type shown below uses an

immersion type heating element, consisting of a resistance wire heating coil insulated with

magnesia which is enclosed in a water - tight metal tube.

The element incorporates a safety device which ejected the connecting adaptor in the event

of the element overheating e.g. if the kettle boils dry or is plugged-in before being filled.

Heating Element

Terminal pins
Fig. 3.1: Electric Kettle
3.1.2 IMMERSION HEATERS

An immersion heater can be fitted to an existing hot – water tank or cylinder in order to

provide a hot water supply to serve mere outlets. Most immersion heater make use of thermostatic

control, the thermostat switch interrupting the supply electricity to the heating element when the

desired temperature is attained, and restoring. The heating of the water is by convection.

If there are large heat losses from the hot water storage tank, the energy consumed by the

heater will be excessive; it is therefore a good practice to lag out water tanks with heat insulating

materials such as glass fibre, granulated cork, slag-wool etc.

3.1.3 NON PRESSURE TYPE WATER HEATER


Non pressure type Water heaters are installed to provide a single hot water outlet, e.g.

over sinks or hard basins. The water flow through the heater is regulated by a control valve in the

cold water supply pipe.

3.1.4 PRESSURE TYPE WATER HEATER

Pressure type Water Heater may be used where it is required to supply more than one outlet.

They differ from the non-pressure type in that there is no control valve in the cold water inlet pipe.

Instead, of this, a tap is filled to each outlet. This means that the water in the heater is under

pressure provided by the head (or vertical height) of the cold water supply.

3.2 SPACE AIR CONDITIONING

Electrical heating may be provided in enclosed spaces such as rooms or workshops, using

other “radiant” heat or “convected’ heat or both.

3.2.1 RADIANT HEATERS

Radiant Heaters utilizes heat transmitted by means of a reflector to any required area. The

heating element used in this type of heater must separate at red heat in order to produce a good

radiant heat output. The figure below shows a type of radiant heater often used in workshops.

Reflector

3.2.2 CONVECTED HEAT Heating Element


Fig. 3.4: Radiant Heater
Convected Heat is the heat which is conveyed by the movement of warmed particles. The

figure below shows a low temperature “tubular” heater. Air in the vicinity of the heater is warmed

and so rises its place is taken by colder air; thus establishes a convection current of warm air which

distributes the heat around the room. This type of heater is often controlled by a thermostat fixed

in a suitable position in the room.

Fig. 3.5: Low Temperature Tubular Heater

3.2.3 CONVECTOR HEATERS: Consists of a heating element fitted into the lower part of a

sheet metal; case as shown below:

Warm
ir
n ga Air
i
Ri s

Heating
Element

Cold air
Fig. 3.6: Convector Heater

From the figure above, cold air enters the bottom of the heater and his warmed by the

element; the hot air rises inside the body of the heater and emerges from the louvers at the top.
3.2.4 THERMAL STORAGE HEATERS: This contains a large mass of temperature by an

electrical heating element. The supply to the heating element is controlled by a time

switch which is set to switch on only during the “off-peak” hours, generally overnight

and for a short tip up during the day. Heat is stored during the period when heating

element is on and released at a controlled rate throughout the day.

Common questions

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Radiant heaters use a reflector to transmit heat directly to specific areas, making them suitable for localized heating in spaces like workshops. The heating element in radiant heaters must reach red heat to produce effective radiant heat output . In contrast, convector heaters warm the air by heating elements placed at the bottom of a metal casing, causing the hot air to rise and distribute heat by convection throughout the room. This makes convector heaters suitable for general space heating where even heat distribution is desired .

Convected heat systems distribute heat evenly by warming the air, which then circulates throughout the space . Advantages include uniform warmth, improved comfort levels, and integration with thermostatic controls for energy efficiency. However, disadvantages include potentially higher energy consumption due to air circulation processes, the need for regular maintenance of air filters, and potential inefficiency in poorly insulated homes where heat loss can occur quickly.

High-temperature radiant heaters in public workshops can effectively provide focused heat where needed, which is beneficial for energy efficiency in targeted heating zones. However, they pose safety concerns due to the potential risk of burns from contact with the high-temperature surfaces and the exposure of heating elements at red heat . Proper safety protocols, such as guarding, must be implemented to minimize risks. Ensuring that heaters are strategically positioned also contributes to both safety and effective energy use.

The thermostat in an immersion heater regulates the temperature by interrupting the electricity supply to the heating element once the desired water temperature is reached. This prevents overheating and conserves energy by stopping the heating process when unnecessary. By preventing excessive energy consumption, especially when heat losses from the tank occur, the thermostat enhances energy efficiency .

An electric kettle prevents overheating through a safety device that ejects the connecting adaptor if the heating element overheats. This mechanism is crucial because it prevents the kettle from heating without water, which can cause it to boil dry, leading to the potential burning of the element and surrounding parts. This safety feature ensures the longevity of the appliance and prevents potential fire hazards .

The conductive materials used in electric kettle heating elements, such as resistance wire insulated with magnesia and encased in a metal tube, play a crucial role in safety and performance. These materials ensure efficient heat transfer to the water while the insulation prevents electrical hazards by keeping the wiring safely enclosed . Additionally, the use of high-temperature-resistant materials prevents deformities or damage under severe conditions, thus enhancing the longevity of the appliance and ensuring user safety.

Pressure-type water heaters supply multiple outlets and maintain water under pressure through the head of the cold water supply. They do not have control valves at the cold water inlet but have taps at each outlet . Non-pressure type water heaters are designed for a single outlet, such as over a sink, and utilize a control valve on the cold water supply pipe to manage flow, which results in water at atmospheric pressure being delivered .

Utilizing thermal storage heaters can lead to economic benefits such as reduced electricity bills due to the use of lower-cost, off-peak electricity . Environmentally, they may reduce peak demand and contribute to a more balanced and efficient electricity supply grid, potentially lowering overall carbon emissions associated with electricity production. However, installation costs can be high, and they require adequate insulation to ensure stored heat is not lost, which is crucial for maximizing both economic and environmental benefits.

Thermal storage heaters utilize off-peak electricity times by storing heat during periods when electrical demand and costs are lower, generally overnight. A time switch controls the supply to the heating element, ensuring it operates mainly during these hours . The primary benefit is cost savings on electricity, as energy utilized during off-peak hours is typically cheaper. This system also reduces the strain on power grids during peak times, promoting overall energy efficiency and sustainability.

To enhance the efficiency of non-pressure type water heaters, architectural modifications such as the integration of enhanced insulation materials in water supply pipes and around the heater can be implemented. Installing these heaters closer to the point of use, like over sinks, minimizes heat loss throughout the water's journey. Additionally, using advanced control valves to regulate water flow can directly impact energy consumption by preventing unnecessary water heating .

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