The Researcher’s Module
2
Lesson 2: Definition and Description of
Types of Scientific Research
Have you ever wondered how scientists discover cures for diseases, improve technology, or solve problems in
society? All of these are made possible through scientific research. Research is more than just gathering
information; it is a systematic way of investigating and understanding the world. In this chapter, you will explore
the different types of scientific research and how each one plays a vital role in our daily lives.
Understanding the various types of research helps you become a more critical thinker and informed citizen.
Whether it's academic, scientific, or applied research, each type serves a unique purpose and helps solve different
kinds of problems.
Learning Objectives:
In this lesson, learners are expected to:
DepEd Competency:
• Categorize research in terms of features and relevance (SSP_RS8-TSR-Ia-2)
Knowledge Psychomotor Affective
• Define scientific • Categorize examples of • Appreciate the value of
research. research into their research in solving real-
respective types. life problems.
• Identify and describe
the types of scientific • Create a concept map • Show curiosity in
research. that shows the types of learning about different
research and their research methods.
• Explain the features.
characteristics and
relevance of each
research type.
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The Researcher’s Module
Scientific Research
Scientific research is a systematic and logical investigation into a specific subject to discover new facts,
verify existing knowledge, or solve problems. It involves careful observation, data collection, analysis,
and interpretation.
Scientific research is often categorized based on its features—such as purpose, approach, and
methods—and its relevance to solving problems or expanding knowledge. The main categories include
fundamental research, applied research, and development work.
Types of Scientific Research
Fundamental Research (Basic or Pure Research)
Definition: Fundamental research is carried out to expand knowledge by formulating,
evaluating, or expanding theories. It is not directly aimed at solving practical problems but
contributes to the understanding of underlying principles.
Features:
• Theoretical in nature
• Often conducted in academic settings or laboratories
• Long-term impact on scientific knowledge
• Not immediately applicable but crucial for future innovations
Relevance: While it may not result in immediate solutions, fundamental research lays the
foundation for applied and development work. For example, Einstein’s theory of relativity was
a product of fundamental research and later contributed to the development of GPS technology.
Applied Research
Definition: Applied research is conducted to address specific, practical issues by using
theories, principles, and knowledge gained from fundamental research.
Features:
• Problem-oriented and practical
• Directly applicable to real-world needs
• Often sponsored by industries, governments, or organizations
• Short- to medium-term impact
Relevance: This type of research helps improve processes, products, and services. For
instance, research on creating eco-friendly packaging materials is a form of applied research
aimed at solving environmental problems.
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The Researcher’s Module
Development Work
Definition: Development work involves the systematic use of knowledge from research and
practical experience to produce new or improved products, processes, systems, or services.
Features:
• Action-oriented and hands-on
• Focuses on innovation and technological advancement
• Uses findings from both fundamental and applied research
• Often includes prototyping and testing
Relevance: Development work bridges the gap between research and application. It leads to
the creation of tangible innovations such as vaccines, mobile apps, or energy-efficient
appliances. For example, after applied research identifies a promising drug compound,
development work would include clinical trials and product design.
Chapter Summary
• Scientific Research: A methodical investigation to discover new knowledge.
• Fundamental Research: Research that increases fundamental understanding without
immediate application.
• Applied Research: Research aimed at solving practical problems.
• Development Work: The application of knowledge to create new or improved products
and processes.
• Theory: A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world.
• Innovation: The process of turning ideas into useful products or services.
• Data: Collected information used for analysis.
• Hypothesis: A testable prediction made before conducting an experiment.
• Variable: Any factor that can change or be changed in an experiment.
• Prototype: An early sample or model built to test a concept.
Challenge Yourself!
Activity 1: “My Research Map”
Instructions: Create a concept map showing different types of research, their features, and examples.
Materials: Paper, colored pens.
Rubric:
Accuracy – 40%
Creativity – 30%
Completeness – 30%
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Concept Mastery
Directions: Answer the following questions:
A. Multiple Choice (Choose the letter of the correct answer)
1. Which type of research is aimed at solving real-world problems?
a. Basic b. Applied c. Descriptive d. Experimental
2. Which research method focuses on numbers and statistics?
a. Qualitative b. Quantitative c. Basic d. Applied
B. Identification
3. Type of research that describes characteristics without manipulating variables.
4. This kind of research is used to explore human experiences and emotions.
C. True or False
5. All scientific research must have immediate practical use. (False)
6. Applied research is usually theoretical and not practical. (False)
D. Short Answer
7. Give one real-life example of applied research.
8. Why is it important to understand the types of scientific research?
9. Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative research.
10. Explain why basic research is still important even if it doesn’t solve problems right away.
References:
• Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2019). How to design and evaluate research in education
(10th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
• Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approach (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
• Calmorin, L. P., & Calmorin, M. A. (2016). Research methods and thesis writing (Rev. ed.). REX Book
Store.
• Department of Education. (2016). K to 12 Curriculum Guide – Research 8.
[Link]
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