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Understanding Genetic Inheritance Types

The document discusses various genetic inheritance patterns, including dominant, recessive, co-dominance, and incomplete dominance, along with Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment. It also covers sex-linked traits, polygenic inheritance, and the impact of environmental factors on gene expression. Key terminology related to genetics is defined throughout the document.

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8 views15 pages

Understanding Genetic Inheritance Types

The document discusses various genetic inheritance patterns, including dominant, recessive, co-dominance, and incomplete dominance, along with Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment. It also covers sex-linked traits, polygenic inheritance, and the impact of environmental factors on gene expression. Key terminology related to genetics is defined throughout the document.

Uploaded by

justincrivera1108
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Dominant or Recessive

Co-dominance Incomplete Dominance


Hitchhiker’s thumb No Hitchhiker’s thumb

Genetic
Inheritance
Sex-linked
In humans, for every chromosome
in our nucleus there are 2, one from
mom and one from dad
Homologous chromosomes

Each chromosome has a number of


genes.

Genes

Loci (locus) is the area of the chromosome


the gene resides.
Since homologous chromosomes are the
same chromosome,
AT AT
GC GC
TA TA
GC GC
GC GC
GC GC
CG CG
TA TA
AT AT
AT AT
AT AT
TA TA
GC GC
CG CG
CG CG ♀ ♂
TA TA
GC AT Alleles
CG CG
AT AT
TA TA
AT AT Homozygous –
CG CG
CG CG
GC GC
AT ♀ ♂ AT
Heterozygous –
When an allele acquires a mutation, it becomes a new allele because it will now
code for a different version of the original protein

A T A T
T A T A
A T C G
C G C G
G C G C
C G C G
T A T A
Allele A Allele a
Gregor Mendel (1822-1884)
• Organisms have
• Alleles could be
• Alleles determine an individual’s
• Genotype will determine an individual’s

Aa Aa
A a
Genotype frequency:

A
??
a Phenotype frequency:

NOTE: THIS IS HISTORCIAL ONLY – GENETICS HAVE ADVANCED – MUCH MORE COMPLEX
Genotype – Phenotype –

• Heterozygous –

• Homozygous –

Mendel’s First Law - Law of Segregation


•

Mendel’s Second Law - Law of Independent Assortment


•
Complete dominance
Dominant allele –
Recessive allele –

P – purple flowers

p – white flowers

F1 Parents
(P generation)

Offspring
(F2 generation) Offspring
(F1 generation)
Co-dominance
Codominant

Example: Human blood type


There are three alleles in the population:

Blood Can Can receive


Genotype(s) Anti-A Anti-B
Type donate to from

AB

O
Incomplete dominance
Incomplete dominance –

curly straight

wavy
Inheritance – Sex-linked inheritance
Many genes that are found on the X chromosome are NOT found on the Y chromosome
Women
Males

Red-green color blindness is a sex-linked trait


• This trait is linked to the X sex chromosome
•
•

What parental genotypes can produce


a colorblind female?

Approx. 5-8% of males have color-


blindness
Less than 1% of females are color-
blind
Polygenic inheritance –

Example – skin color


AABBCC - very dark skin color
AABBCc, AaBBCC etc. - dark skin color
AaBbCc, AABbcc etc. - intermediate skin color
AaBbcc, AAbbcc - light skin color
aabbcc - very light skin
Epistasis

Gene 1 controls deposition of


pigment :
D - pigment
d - no pigment (albino)

Gene 2 controls amount of


pigment deposition:
A - much pigment (black)
a - little pigment (brown)
Environmental impact –
Terminology
Allele
Co-dominance
Complete dominance
Dominant
Epistasis
Gene
Gene expression
Genotype
Hemizygous
Heterozygous
Homologous chromosomes
Homozygous
Incomplete dominance
Law of Independent Assortment
Law of Segregation
Phenotype
Polygenic inheritance
Recessive
Sex-linked

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