1

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, CHH.

SAMBHAJINAGAR
(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITIUTE OF GOVT OF MAHARASHTRA)
Diploma in Civil Engineering
(B- Division)

Six Semester, Even Term 2023-2024

VOCATIONAL TRAINING
COURSE CODE: 6C503

Project Name

“TRUPTI KALASH HEIGHTS”

Submitted By,

1. Harshad Narayan Puse 211092

2. Sumit Baliram Rathod 211096
3. Premal Ganesh Tupe 211131
4. Tanishq Santosh Udawant 211132
5. Sakshi Bhaskar Wagh 211135
6. Sanket Shivhar Kautkar 221210

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF,

Prof. A. K. Karanjkar
(LECTURER IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPT.)

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, AURANGABAD.

(AN AUTONOMOUS INSTITIUTE OF GOVT. OF MAHARASHTRA)
Diploma in Civil Engineering
 2

CERTIFICATE

This to Certify that,

[Link] Name Enroll No.

1. Harshad Narayan Puse 211092
2. Sumit Baliram Rathod 211096
3. Premal Ganesh Tupe 211131
4. Tanishq Santosh Udawant 211132
5. Sakshi Bhaskar Wagh 211135
6. Sanket Shivhar Kautkar 221210

Of Final year Diploma in Civil Engineering have successfully completed the

project entitled as “VOCATIONAL TRAINING” in fulfilment of Diploma in
Civil Engineering in the Academic year 2023-24.

Prof.A. K. KARANJKAR [Link]

(Guide) (H.O.D of Civil Dept.)

[Link]
(Principal of Government Polytechnic, Chh. Sambhajinagar)
 3

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The real spirit of achieving a goal is through the way of excellence and
lustrous discipline. We would have never succeeded in completing our task without the
cooperation, encouragement and help provided to us by various personalities.
We would like to take this opportunity to express our heartfelt thanks to our
guide [Link] for guidance and encouragement, especially through difficult
times. His suggestions broaden our vision and guided us to succeed in this work. We
are also very grateful for his guidance and comments while designing part of our project
and learnt many things under his leadership. We extend our thanks to [Link]
Sir (Head of Civil Engineering department), and Prof. [Link] sir for valuable
support that made us consistent performer.
We extend our thanks to and deepest sense of gratitude to, [Link]
Principal Government Polytechnic, Aurangabad for his encouragement motivation.
Our greatest thanks are to all who wished our success especially our parents, our friends
whose support and care makes our stay on earth.

Project by…..

[Link] Name Enroll No.

1. Harshad Narayan Puse 211092
2. Sumit Baliram Rathod 211096
3. Premal Ganesh Tupe 211131
4. Tanishq Santosh Udawant 211132
5 Sakshi Bhaskar Wagh 211135
6. Sanket Shivkar Kautkar 221210
 4
INDEX

CHAPTER SUB TOPIC DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.

NO.
-
Ⅰ Introduction 1

-
Ⅱ Project Details 2

2.1 General information 2

2.2 Construction Firms 3

2.3 Roles of Engineers 3

Amenities in my world my pride

4
2.4
-
Ⅲ Materials and Equipment’s 5

3.1 Materials 5-10

3.2 Equipment’s 11-14

3.3
Cost of materials, equipment’s & labours 15-16

-
Ⅳ Construction Activities 17-22

4.1 Construction Activities Observed during

-
Training

-
Ⅴ Safety Measures at Site 23-25

-
Ⅵ Photo Gallery 26-27

-
Ⅶ Conclusion 28

VIII - References 29
 5

CHAPTER NO.1

 INTRODUCTION

In the Civil Engineering, Construction is most important activity. It is an

organization where all the people work according to dignity. It is not easy to develop a
structure by alone and it is a challenging task so it requires lot of manpower to work on
the particular site. It requires proper management on the site; proper coordination
between staff and labours; there should be proper safety measures on the site.
The vocational training is the training organized by the institute to bridge
the gap between theoretical and practical knowledge of the students. This training is
held in winter vacations of students, so that it will not affect regular curriculum
activities of the institute.
During the training the students are expected to learn by attending the
construction site and record or observe technical details of daily construction activities
with problem solving methods with the site engineer of the project. Student will be
working or observing the activity of the construction under the guidance of the engineer,
without causing any inconvenience in day-to-day functioning of the site for the said
period.

OBJECTIVES OF VOCATIONAL TRAINING

Apply theoretical knowledge on the field.

To understand the practical approach on the field.
To understand the actual process on site.
To know the environment and culture on site.
To understand the organization structure on the site.
Understand the types of the communication system in organization.
Understand the relationship of theoretical knowledge with field application.
To know the problems that occurs on site.
To know the duties and responsibilities of each person working on site.
To get the actual experience on site.
 6

CHAPTER NO.2

 PROJECT DETAILS

2.1 GENERAL INFORMATION

1. Name of Site: “ Trupti Kalash Heights”

2. Type of Work: Residential Building.
3. Site Address: Opp. Oriion Citicare Superspeciality Hospital, New
Osmanpura, Near Kranti Chowk, Chhtrapati Sambhajinagar,
Maharashtra 431005
4. Corporate Office Address:Opp. Oriion Citicare Superspeciality Hospital,
New Osmanpura, Near Kranti Chowk, Chhtrapati Sambhajinagar,
Maharashtra 431005
5. Total Area: sq. ft
6. Type of Ownership: Private Ownership.

Location Plan:
 7

2.2 CONSTRUCTION FIRMS

1. Architects: Ar. Sameer Ausekar, Ar. Manish Kale

2. RCC Consultants: Er. Rajesh Vargantwar
3. MEP Consultant: Er. Milind Ghate, Er. Sunil Petkar
4. Landscape Consultant: Ar. Anup Debadwar
5. Legal Advisor: ADV Ameya, J. Bhatt
6. 3D Rendering: Er. Ranjit Patil
7. Builders Name: Er. Prashant Kala
8. Member: CREDAI, Chh. Sambhajinagar
9. Approved by: AMC.

2.3 ROLES OF ENGINEER

The Engineer should perform the following tasks:

Study and interpret the drawings.

He should execute the work as per the drawings.
Engineer should follow planned schedule for location.
Supervise the work.
Observing the Workmanship expected.
Planning of useful Materials and Storage.
Keep record of Workers, Materials, Equipment’s, etc.
Prepare Estimate and Daily Report.
Engineer should be able to assure his higher authorities for any application.
He should do the work within Time Limit.
 8

Various Firms Available at Site:

1. Site Engineer
2. Project Engineer
3. Control Engineer
4. Contractor
5. Electrician
6. Plumber
7. Pipefitter
8. Carpenter
9. Equipment Operator
10. Welder
11. Mason
12. Glazier

2.4 AMENITIES
Landscaped Area
Electric solar system for common areas
Rainwater Harvesting
Video Door phone
Provision for DTH
Use of eco-Friendly construction Materials
24 X 7 CCTV surveillance for common areas
2 Lifts with battery back up facility
Hot water supply for Kitchen
Water saving plumbing and sanitary Fixtures
24 hr round the clock security
 9

CHAPTER NO.3

• MATERIAL AND EQUIPMENTS

• DETAILS OF MATERIALS AND EQUIPMENTS USED AT SITE
3.1 MATERIALS
1. Cement
2. Sand
3. Aggregate
4. Autoclaved Aerated Concrete Blocks [AAC Blocks]
5. Bricks
6. Formwork
7. Steel
8. Cover Blocks
9. Water

1) CEMENT
Cement is widely used in every construction works with respect to all the
requirements for Ordinary Portland cement [OPC]. The company has procured cement
from UltraTeck. The grade of cement procured by the company and used for the
construction was 53 grade OPC Cement. 50 kg of net weight cement bags are procured
at the site and all the data of the cement bags procured are mentioned.
Cement was majorly used in construction of brickwork, plastering, P.C.C, R.C.C. etc.
 10

2) SAND
The most common type of sand used in constructing buildings in India is
coarse sand. It can easily be mixed with water, aggregate and even cement to form large
concrete structures. The sand also enhances concrete's most favourable properties such
as thermal expansion, compression strength, and tensile strength. On this site
approximately 4.75 mm sand was used for various works like P.C.C, R.C.C, Brickwork,
etc. The sand is Natural sand which is transported directly from river means it is River
Sand.

3) AGGREGATE
All Aggregates are procured at the site under the knowledge of the
supervisor and Site engineer. Mainly sand was procured at the site for plastering work.
Sand wasn’t crushed sand; it was natural sand being used in the plastering work as
specified in tender. Aggregates are of approximately 20-40mm sizes are used for Slab,
PCC, RCC, etc.

4) AUTOCLAVED AERATED CONCRETE BLOCKS [AAC BLOCKS]

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, precast, foam
concrete building material suitable for producing concrete masonry unit (CMU) like
blocks. Composed quartz sand, gypsum, lime, cement, water and aluminium powder,
AAC products are cured under heat and pressure in an autoclave. Invented in the mid-
1920s, AAC simultaneously provides structure, insulation, and fire- and mild-
resistance. Forms include blocks, wall panels, floor and roof panels, cladding panels
and lintels. Block masonry was carried out at site as it is economical and fast to
construct. Autoclave Aerated Block masonry are having different sizes of AAC that
are classified as 9”, 6”& 4”.
 11

5) BRICKS
Bricks are most commonly used as a construction material, bricks are used
in construction of Brick walls, used in construction of compound walls, internal walls,
and etc. Bricks were stacked on the site and were regularly brought on site according to
the requirement of bricks. Modular size of bricks was used at Site for Brick Masonry.
The quality of bricks available on site was very nice and are well burnt and passed the
all-lab test. They were Class A Bricks.

6) FORMWORK
A Formwork is a temporary structure used as mold for the original
structure. There are different materials available to construct the formwork. Formwork
Material is selected depending upon many factors like cost, requirement, type of
structure etc. Plywood formwork is used for small columns which is a manufactured
product of timber. It consists of number of veneer sheets or plies in layers. Now days,
the use of plywood formwork has increased especially for facing panels. The reason
behind it is that the plywood formwork provides smooth finish when compared to
normal timber formwork. Hence, finishing cost may reduce by the use of plywood. For
formwork, special type of plywood called exterior plywood is used. The veneer sheets
of exterior plywood are bonded with strong adhesive to make it watertight. The
plywood boards are available in thicknesses from 7mm to 32mm on site.
For Important works Steel or Aluminium formwork were also used at Site.

7) STEEL
Steel is used as reinforcement in construction of slabs, beams, footings and
other structural components for giving high tensile strength in structural members. This
steel reinforcement is used for resisting bending and other direct tensile actions acting
on structural members. As there are different types or grades of steel bars available in
the market, TMT (Thermo mechanically treated bars) bars of different diameters and
grades are available. On site, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm and 32mm
steel bars were used. Steel bars were of Aadinath steel traders, Aurangabad.
 12

8) COVER BLOCKS
Concrete cover, in reinforced concrete, is the least distance between the
surface of embedded reinforcement and the outer surface of the concrete. The concrete
cover must have a minimum thickness for three main reasons: to protect the steel
reinforcement bars from environmental effects to prevent their corrosion, to provide
thermal insulation, which protects the reinforcement bars from fire, and to give
reinforcing bars sufficient embedding to enable them to be stressed without slipping. In
order to prevent corrosion of the rebar, it needs to be fully embedded in concrete. By
code, it usually needs about 2 to 3 inches of coverage on all sides. Basically, 20mm and
45mm cover blocks were used at site.
 13

9) WATER
Water is most important ingredient used in making of mortar for construction of
Brick work, and for the work of plastering according to the proportion. Potable water is
mainly used for construction works. The water available at site as Bore (tube wells) was
taken. Water used at site was Potable and also free from contaminants like alumina, etc.

3.2 EQUIPMENTS

1. Concrete mixer
2. Needle vibrator
3. Bar cutting machine
4. Tube level
5. Tri square
6. Shikanji
7. Trowel
8. Plumb Bob
9. Excavator (JCB)
 14

1) CONCRETE MIXER
Concrete mixers are used at site for preparation of concrete works according to specified
proportion of concrete. Various mixers are used at different locations means for
Residential Buildings; Commercial Buildings different mixers are used. Basically, for
small works like PCC, footing, RCC for column Drum type mixers are used. Also,
Ready Mix Concrete is used and this concrete is transported with the help of Transit
Mixer.
2) NEEDLE VIBRATOR
Concrete vibrators such as needle vibrator and plate vibrator are used at site for proper
compaction of concrete in construction of beams, slab, columns etc. It is used for
concrete compaction mainly in constructing roads, railways, and buildings. It
consolidates freshly poured concrete to remove the trapped air and excess water. For
columns needle vibrators were used and for slabs and large works Table vibrator were
used on site.

3) BAR CUTTING MACHINE

Bar cutting machine is used to cut the bars. As per the Mark-on bar these bars are used
for beam, column and slab.

4) TUBE LEVEL
A Tube Level is essentially a transparent plastic tube filled up with a column of water.
It is used to transfer a vertical level across a distance. It works based on the principle
that water seeks its own level. When the two ends of the tube are held up, the water
surfaces will always rest at the same vertical plane. It is used at site for checking level
during plinth filling and during various PCC works.
 15

5) TORPEDO LEVEL
A torpedo level is a spirit level designed for use in tight spaces. One most often used
this particular spirit level, a smaller cousin of the carpenter's level, when one is working
in tight, cramped quarters and need to measure for true horizontal or vertical. A
traditional carpenter's spirit level looks like a short plank of wood and often has a wide
body to ensure stability, and that the surface is being measured correctly. In the middle
of the spirit level is a small window where the bubble and the tube are mounted. Two
notches (or rings) designate where the bubble should be if the surface is level. Often an
indicator for a 45-degree inclination is included.

6) TRISQUARE
These tools are used for checking the angle of work or more specifically for checking
of right angles.

7) SHIKANJI
It is the local name of the tool which is used for supporting the form work or wooden
plates used as shuttering and keeping them in proper position.
 16

8) TROWEL
Thapi or trowel is used at site for spreading and lifting of mortar, concrete, etc. Trowel
consists of a steel blade and a wooden handle is provided. It is also used in brickwork
or stonework for levelling, spreading and shaping mortar or concrete. They come in
several shapes and sizes depending on the task.

9) PLUMB BOB
Plumb bob is used at site for checking verticality of brickwork, plastering, centering,
etc. It consists of metallic plumb and a string.
 17

3.3 COST OF MATERIALS, EQUIPMENTS & LABOURS

• MATERIALS:
1. Cement: Rs. 370 per bag
2. Aggregate: Rs. 3000-3500/ brass
3. Sand: Rs 6000-7000/ brass
4. Steel: Rs 60-80/ Kg
5. Brick: Rs 8/ brick

• EQUIPMENTS:
1. Concrete vibrator:
a) Heavy duty concrete vibrator = Rs. 20,500.00
b) Heavy duty electric concrete vibrator = Rs. 2,500.00
c) Heavy duty petrol starts kerosene run concrete vibrator, 208CC = Rs.
26,540.00
d) Heavy duty diesel concrete vibrator, 208CC = Rs. 31,540

2. Concrete mixer:
a) Half bag concrete mixer 220 L = Rs. 19,000.00
b) Concrete mixer mechanical hopper = Rs. 70,000.00
c) Concrete mixer hydraulic hopper = Rs. 1,15,000.00
d) Reversible concrete mixer = Rs. 4,50,000.00
e) KRS concrete mixer (6p) = Rs. 2,30,454.00
Circular column formwork: Rs. 160/ Kg
Wooden props (10 ft): 1) Heavy – Rs 100
2) Semi heavy – Rs. 150

 Steel props (12 ft): Rs. 1500- 2000

 12 mm Plank (1.2m x 2.4m): Rs. 1850
 Silver Patti: Rs.400 [Link].
 18

• LABOURS:
Mason: Rs. 550/ day
Female labour: Rs. 350/ day
Bigari: Rs. 600/ day
Mistri (brickwork): Rs. 800/ day
Finishing: Rs. 400/ day

• RATES OF ITEM:

Excavation for foundation in soft murum: Rs. 400/ cu.m

Excavation for foundation in hard murum: Rs. 550/ cu.m
P.C.C. (1:2:4): Rs. 6500/ cu.m
Brickwork: Rs. 6800/ cu.m
Concrete M10: Rs. 6000/ cu.m
 19

CHAPTER NO.4

 CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITIES

4.1. Construction Activities Observed during Training:

1. BRICKWORK
Brickwork is masonry produced by a bricklayer, using bricks, sand and mortar.
Typically, rows of bricks, called courses are laid on top of one another to build up a
structure such as brick wall. Popularity of bricks as materials of construction is because
of their local and cheap availability, strength, durability, reliability and insulating
property against heat and sound. Brickwork is a great art since lying must be done
systematically with respect to building, jointing and finishing.
On the first day we observed the brickwork on the terrace of the site. During the
brickwork water was sprinkled on the bricks before the use. As the work was
proceeding in mean while they were also checking the centering with the help of plumb
bob. After every one meter of brickwork the construction of patli wall was done for
increasing the strength as the external wall requires more strength as it comes in contact
of atmosphere.

1:2:4 Ratio of Mortar was used for Brick Masonry.

TOOLS USED

1. Level tube

2. Plumb bob

3. Trowel (Thapi)

4. Line Dori

5. Farma (Ghamela)

6. Safety accessories like hand gloves, hat, gum boots etc.

 20

[Link] CASTING

PROCEDURE FOLLOWED FOR SLAB AT SITE:

Slab is casted on site in following phases

a) Formwork
The formwork should be based on IS 14687-1999 standard. The formwork
or centering and shuttering is essential for sustaining concrete properly. Formwork
offers the strong support to the wet concrete unless it has attained adequate stability to
become self-supporting. Timber Formwork is used for slab casting at site.

b) Bending and binding steel bars

While creating the design of the slab, it is assumed that the concrete has good
compressive strength but it is feeble in tensile strength. To make the structure
sustainable against the tensile stress, the steel bars are arranged.

c) Placement of steel bars

Steel bar diameter and its distance in RCC slab is computed by designing the
slab based on the load and span of the slab. Normally, 8 mm to 12 mm diameter steel
bars are utilized in RCC slab on site.
 21

d) Laying of cement concrete

Arrange walking way on steel bars by setting wooden plates to get rid of any
issue in steel bars. Now, the cement concrete mix should be placed according to design
but it should be kept over 1:2:4 ratio. The mix should have been mixed mechanically
and vibrated after being placed on the slab.

e) Curing

Once the RCC slab is laid, it should be cured for 28 days to attain
complete strength.

4. WATERPROOFING:

 POLYMER BITUMEN ROLL FED SHEET MEMBRANES:

The most widespread materials for the creation of the waterproofing layer are the polymer-bitumen
roll-fed membranes. This is due to the relative simplicity of installation, popularity of the technology,
durability of the material and stability of the factory-set technical parameters. Polymer-bitumen
membranes are commonly used for waterproofing of foundations, engineering structures, roads, bridge
decks and flat roofs. These materials could also be used as an underlay for pitched roofs and as a vapor
barrier.
 22

CHAPTER NO.5

 SAFETY MEASURES AT SITE

Any construction site is a dangerous occupation for all personnel, especially
for labour’s working on site and so one must be prepared every day for safety. For this purpose,
various safety measures have to be taken.
It is said that good workers are safe workers. They avoid risk and unsafe
practices at all time. Efficiency and safety go hand in hand. A good worker realizes that, injury
means reduction in this earning for whole life time. It is not only the workers alone that are
affected by accidents, but also construction machineries, equipment’s and other matters with
which he is associated during work also get damaged.

Following are the various Safety Measures used at “Arham Urbania” Construction
Site.
1. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)

Personal protective equipment (PPE) is supplied to all the personnel’s working on site and even
for the personal who are temporary visiting to the site.
PPE Kit involves following Equipment’s…

1) Head Protection/Safety Helmets/Hard Hat

In construction worksite, there is a higher chance of possible head injury
due to falling debris and other related accidents. Site Engineers and all construction personnel
involved in site activities should wear a safety helmet or hard hat before entering the work site
and it should be wear at all times.

2) Foot Protection/Safety Shoes

Safety shoes should be worn by all of the construction personnel at the
worksite to protect their feet for possible injuries. The safety shoes to be used shall be determined
according to potential hazards and according to the nature of work. It shall comply with the
safety standard and specification. For worksite safety shoes with steel toe cap covering and steel
sole should be considered, although an equivalent material is also acceptable as long as it follows
the safety standards. If the personnel are working in electrical installation, non contractive
footwear shall be used.
 23

3) Eyes and Face Protections

Construction employees shall be provided with eye and face protection
equipment when their job had a potential risk of exposing the eyes and face from hazard. They
are the machines operators, welder, bar bender and the like. Those workers whose vision requires
the use of medical spectacles shall be protected by eyeglasses with protected lenses, goggles that
can be worn without disturbing their work activity.

4) Protective Clothing/Reflected Vests

Every construction personnel should wear adequate and suitable protective
clothing to protect them from possible hazard due to weather changes, electricity, impacts, and
other risks. For Site Engineers a reflected vest is recommended to maintain visibility when doing
site inspections and other site activities.

5) Hand Protection
All personnel handling rough, sharp and excessive coarse material such as
reinforcement bars, rods, pre-cast concrete, toxic, electric and hot materials shall be protected by
safety gloves. The material of these hand protections shall be suitable against the hazard of doing
such activities. Site employees shall be protected by the different type of gloves according to
their job description. For example, chrome leather gloves should be used when handling
sandblasting and other materials. Gloves that are made of fabrics are used for handling rough
materials. Insulated rubber gloves should be used by electricians.

6) Hearing Protection
In the event that noise levels in worksite are too much to handle, ear protected
gear are also needed by the site personnel. Ear protection is inserted into the ear in the form of a
headset, foam earplug and earmuffs shall be in accordance with international safety standards.
Plain cotton to be placed in the ear just to block construction noise is prohibited to use.

7) Safety Belts/Safety Harness

Site employees working at an elevated level to about 2m or more shall be provided by safety
harness or belts to protect them from accidental fall. Anchorage point of the safety harness shall
be placed above the head of the worker and not less than 5 meters from the ground level. This
point should be strong enough to carry a force of not less than 5000 pounds (2275kg). The
material should be made of nylon or equivalent to at least 1cm thick. The hooks attached should
be fitted with a double locking device that can be open only by pressing the two parts at the same
time for safety purposes.
24
 25

CHAPTER NO.6

 PHOTO GALEERY
26
 27

BRICKWORK SAND

FORMWORK

SURVEYING

EXCAVATION

FOOTING REINFORCEMENT
 28

CHAPTER NO.7

 CONCLUSION

We have seen number of activities on the site during training period and came to know
following things:-

1) We understood Complete Construction Procedure of “Trupti Kalas Heights”

Site.
2) Different Equipment’s rates, Material rates and Labour rates were known during
this course of Vocational Training.
3) We understood the Organizational Structure of Construction Site.
4) Duties and Responsibilities of various people like Site Engineer, Executive
Engineer, etc are properly understood from this training.
a. We observed actual official environment and understood different activities carried
out during construction of site.
5) We understood the Building Byelaws and various criteria of construction.
6) We got idea about various problems arising on site and their respective solutions.
7) We came to know various local words for technical terms.
8) We realized difference between theoretical and practical knowledge.
9) We saw how to deal with people at site.

We had a very good experience at the site. By theoretical knowledge that we get from classroom,
we can’t get idea up to much more depth, but by experiencing actual execution on site we got
distinct idea of every activity.
Thus, we conclude that the period of our training was beneficial and helpful to us.
 29

CHAPTER NO. 8

 REFERENCE’S

1. All Photos are taken from site ‘TRUPTI KALASH HEIGHTS’

2. “Building Construction” By Prashant Kala
3. Building Construction {Handbook} R S Rangwala
4. Broucher of Firm
5. Daily Dairy
6. [Link]
7. [Link]
8. [Link]
9. Structural Drawing And Plans