Engr. Odette R.
Alegato
oralegato@[Link]
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Mechanical Engineering
The integral of a function which involves two or more variables
is called a multiple integral. In this chapter, we shall limit our
discussion to the integral of a function of two variables. We shall see
that a function of two variables can be integrated with respect to one
variable while holding the other variable constant. We call this
process double integration.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Mechanical Engineering
We integrate a function 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦), called integrand, over a closed bounded
region 𝑅 in the 𝑥𝑦 – plane, whose boundary curve has a unique tangent at each
point, but may have finitely many cusps (such as vertices of a triangle or
rectangle.
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Mechanical Engineering
We subdivide the region 𝑅 by drawing parallel to 𝑥 and 𝑦 axes. We
number the rectangles that are within 𝑅 from 1 to n. In each such rectangle
we choose a point, say 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 in the i𝑡ℎ rectangle, and then we form the sum.
𝑓 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 ∆𝐴𝑖
𝑖=1
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Mechanical Engineering
• Where ∆𝐴𝑖 is the area of the i𝑡ℎ rectangle. This we do for larger and larger positive integers 𝑛
in a completely independent manner but so that the length of the maximum diagonal of the
rectangles approaches zero as 𝑛 approaches infinity.
• Assuming that the function is defined and continuous in 𝑅 and 𝑅 is bounded by finitely
smooth curves, one can show that this sequence converges, and its limit is independent of the
choice of subdivisions and corresponding points 𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 .
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Mechanical Engineering
• This limit is called the double integral of 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦) over the region 𝑅 and is denoted by the symbol
𝑛
ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝐴 = lim 𝑓(𝑥𝑖 , 𝑦𝑖 )∆𝐴𝑖
𝑛→∞
𝑅 𝑖=1
• The area 𝐴 of a region 𝑅 in the 𝑥𝑦 – plane is given by the double integral
𝐴 = ඵ 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅
• The volume 𝑉 beneath the surface 𝑧 = 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 > 0 and above the region 𝑅 in the 𝑥𝑦 – plane is
𝑉 = ඵ 𝑓 𝑥, 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
𝑅
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Mechanical Engineering
Evaluate each of the following:
2 4
1. න න 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Do inner integral first
0 0
2
න 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 4
0 𝑑𝑥 Integration of 𝑥 + 1 with respect to 𝑦 while 𝑥 is kept constant
0
2
න(4𝑥 + 4) 𝑑𝑥 Factor out 4
0
2
4 න 𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑥
0
2
𝑥2 22 02
4 +𝑥 =4 +2 −4 + 0 = 4 4 = 16
2 0
2 2
1 4−3𝑥
2. න න 𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Do inner integral first
0 𝑥
1
4−3𝑥
න𝑦 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑦 and treat 𝑥 as constant
0
න( 4 − 3𝑥 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑥
0
1 1
න( 4 − 3𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − න( 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0 0
3 1
3/2 1
1 2 4 − 3𝑥 2 𝑥 2 1 2 16 2 8
− − =− − − =
3 3 0
3 0 3 3 3 3 9
1 2𝑦
3. න න 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 Do inner integral first
0 0
1 𝑥=2𝑦
𝑥2 Integrate with respect to 𝑥 and treat y as constant
න 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
0 2 𝑥=0
1 2
2𝑦
න 𝑦 − 0 𝑑𝑦
0 2
1
න 2𝑦 3 𝑑𝑦 Integrate with respect to 𝑦
0
𝑦=1
𝑦4 14 04 1
= − =
2 𝑦=0
2 2 2
1 1−𝑥
4. න න (𝑥 − 2𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Do inner integral first
0 0
1
𝑦=1−𝑥
න 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑦 2 𝑦=0 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to y and treat x as constant
0
1
2
න 𝑥 1−𝑥 − 1−𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
1
න 3𝑥 − 2𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑥
0
1
3𝑥 2 2𝑥 3 3 2 1
− −𝑥 = − −1=−
2 3 0
2 3 6
2 2𝑥
5. න න (𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 Do inner integral first
0 𝑥2
2
𝑦=2𝑥
න 𝑥 3𝑦 𝑦=𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to y and treat x as constant
0
2
න 𝑥 3 2𝑥 − 𝑥 3 (𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
0
2
න 2𝑥 4 − 𝑥 5 𝑑𝑥 Integrate with respect to 𝑥
0
2
2𝑥 5 𝑥 6 2(2)5 (2)6 32
− = − =
5 6 0
5 6 15