Exercise 5.

PART A
1. Use graphing technology to graph each of the following functions. From the
graph, find the absolute maximum and absolute minimum values of the given
functions on the indicated intervals.
a. f 1x2
e x  e 3x on 0  x  10
b. m1x2
1x  2 2 e 2x on x苸3 4, 4 4

2. a. Use the algorithm for finding extreme values to determine the absolute
maximum and minimum values of the functions in question 1.
b. Explain which approach is easier to use for the functions in question 1.
3. The squirrel population in a small self-contained forest was studied by a
biologist. The biologist found that the squirrel population, P, measured in
hundreds, is a function of time, t, where t is measured in weeks. The function
20
is P1t2
1  3e0.02t .
a. Determine the population at the start of the study, when t
0.
b. The largest population the forest can sustain is represented mathematically
by the limit as t S q. Determine this limit.
c. Determine the point of inflection.
d. Graph the function.
e. Explain the meaning of the point of inflection in terms of squirrel
population growth.

PART B
4. The net monthly profit, in dollars, from the sale of a certain item is given by the
formula P1x2
106 31  1x  12 e 0.001x 4, where x is the number of items sold.
a. Determine the number of items that yield the maximum profit. At full
capacity, the factory can produce 2000 items per month.
b. Repeat part a., assuming that, at most, 500 items can be produced per
month.
K 5. Suppose that the monthly revenue in thousands of dollars, for the sale of x hundred
units of an electronic item is given by the function R1x2
40x 2e 0.4x  30,
where the maximum capacity of the plant is 800 units. Determine the number of
units to produce in order to maximize revenue.
6. A rumour spreads through a population in such a way that t hours after the
rumour starts, the percent of people involved in passing it on is given by
P1t2
100Qe t  e 4tR. What is the highest percent of people involved in
spreading the rumour within the first 3 h? When does this occur?

NEL CHAPTER 5 245

 7. Small countries trying to develop an industrial economy rapidly often try to
achieve their objectives by importing foreign capital and technology. Statistics
Canada data show that when Canada attempted this strategy from 1867 to
1967, the amount of U.S. investment in Canada increased from about
$15  106 to $280 305  106. This increase in foreign investment can be
represented by the simple mathematical model C1t2
0.015  109e 0.075 33t,
where t represents the number of years (starting with 1867 as zero) and C
represents the total capital investment from U.S. sources in dollars.
a. Graph the curve for the 100-year period.
b. Compare the growth rate of U.S. investment in 1947 with the rate in 1967.
c. Determine the growth rate of investment in 1967 as a percent of the
amount invested.
d. If this model is used up to 1977, calculate the total U.S. investment and the
growth rate in this year.
e. Use the Internet to determine the actual total U.S. investment in 1977, and
calculate the error in the model.
f. If the model is used up to 2007, calculate the expected U.S. investment
and the expected growth rate.
t
A 8. A colony of bacteria in a culture grows at a rate given by N1t2
25, where N is
the number of bacteria t minutes from the beginning. The colony is allowed to
grow for 60 min, at which time a drug is introduced to kill the bacteria. The
t
number of bacteria killed is given by K1t2
e3, where K bacteria are killed at
time t minutes.
a. Determine the maximum number of bacteria present and the time at which
this occurs.
b. Determine the time at which the bacteria colony is obliterated.
9. Lorianne is studying for two different exams. Because of the nature of
the courses, the measure of study effectiveness on a scale from 0 to 10 for the
first course is E1
0.619  te 20 2 , while the measure for the second course
t

is E2
0.5110  te 10 2. Lorianne is prepared to spend up to 30 h, in total,

t

studying for the exams. The total effectiveness is given by f 1t2
E1  E2.
How should this time be allocated to maximize total effectiveness?
C 10. Explain the steps you would use to determine the absolute extrema of
f 1x2
x  e2x on the interval x苸3 2, 2 4 .
T 11. a. For f 1x2
x 2e x, determine the intervals of increase and decrease.
b. Determine the absolute minimum value of f 1x2.

246 5.3 O P T I M I Z AT I O N P R O B L E M S I N V O LV I N G E X P O N E N T I A L F U N C T I O N S NEL

 12. Find the maximum and minimum values of each function. Graph each function.
a. y
e x  2 c. y
2xe2x
b. y
xe x  3 d. y
3xex  x
13. The profit function of a commodity is P1x2
xe 0.5x , where x 7 0. Find the
2

maximum value of the function if x is measured in hundreds of units and P is

measured in thousands of dollars.
14. You have just walked out the front door of your home. You notice that it closes
quickly at first and then closes more slowly. In fact, a model of the movement
of the door is given by d1t2
200 t122 t, where d is the number of degrees
between the door frame and the door at t seconds.
a. Graph this relation.
b. Determine when the speed of the moving door is increasing and decreasing.
c. Determine the maximum speed of the moving door.
d. At what point would you consider the door closed?

PART C
15. Suppose that, in question 9, Lorianne has only 25 h to study for the two exams.
Is it possible to determine the time to be allocated to each exam? If so, how?
16. Although it is true that many animal populations grow exponentially for a
period of time, it must be remembered that the food available to sustain the
population is limited and the population will level off because of this. Over a
period of time, the population will level out to the maximum attainable value,
L. One mathematical model to describe a population that grows exponentially
at the beginning and then levels off to a limiting value, L, is the logistic
aL
model. The equation for this model is P
a  1L  a 2 ekLt , where the
independent variable t represents the time and P represents the size of the
population. The constant a is the size of the population at t
0, L is the
limiting value of the population, and k is a mathematical constant.
a. Suppose that a biologist starts a cell colony with 100 cells and finds that
the limiting size of the colony is 10 000 cells. If the constant k
0.0001,
draw a graph to illustrate this population, where t is in days.
b. At what point in time does the cell colony stop growing exponentially?
How large is the colony at this point?
c. Compare the growth rate of the colony at the end of day 3 with the growth
rate at the end of day 8. Explain what is happening.

NEL CHAPTER 5 247

 b. The expression for e in part a is a 9. v(t) 4. a. 1001 items
x1 x2
special case of e x
1  1!  2! 120 b. 500 items
x3 x4
 3!  4!  p . in that it is the 100 5. 500 units
80 6. 47.2%; 0.462 h
case when x
1. Then e x
e 1
e
60
7. a. C(t)
is in fact e 1
e
1  1!1  2!1 16

Capital investment from U.S. sources

 3!1  4!1  5!1  p . The value of 40 14
12
x is 1. 20
t

($100 million)
10
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 8
Section 5.2, p. 240 6

3123x 2 ln 2 From the graph, the values of v1t 2

4
1. a. 2

b. ln 3.113.12 x  3x 2 quickly rise in the range of about t

0

31103t5 2ln 10
20 40 60 80 100
0  t  15. The slope for these Years since 1867
c.
16  2n2 11056nn 2ln 10
2 values is positive and steep. Then as b. The growth rate of capital
d. the graph nears t
20, the steepness investment grew from 468 million
2x13x 2 2 ln 3
2
e. of the slope decreases and seems to dollars per year in 1947 to 2.112
f. 40012 2 x3ln 2 get very close to 0. One can reason billion dollars per year in 1967.
2. a. 5x 3 1x 5  ln 5 2  5x 4 4 that the car quickly accelerates for the c. 7.5%
13 2 x 3 12x 2 ln 3 2  1 4 d. C
59.537  109 dollars,
2 first 20 units of time. Then, it seems
b.

4.4849  109 dollars> year
to maintain a constant acceleration for dC
2t 2t ln 2
c.  2  the rest of the time. To verify this, one dt
t t could differentiate and look at values e. Statistics Canada data shows the
32 3 x ln 3  44 where v¿ 1t 2 is increasing.
x

d. actual amount of U.S. investment in

x3 1977 was 62.5  109 dollars. The
3 ln 10 Section 5.3, pp. 245–247 error in the model is 3.5%.
3. 
4 f. C
570.490  109 dollars,

42.975  109 dollars> year
4. 16.64x  y  25.92
0 1. a. absolute max: about 0.3849, dC
5. 23.03x  y  13.03
0 absolute min: 0 dt
b. absolute max: about 10.043, 8. a. 478 158; 38.2 min after the drug was
6. a. about 3.80 years
b. about 9.12%> year absolute min: about 5961.916 introduced
7. a. In 1978, the rate of increase of debt 2. a. f 1x2 : max: 0.3849, b. 42.72 min after the drug was
payments was $904 670 000> annum min: 0; introduced
compared to $122 250 000> annum m1x2 : max: about 10, 9. 10 h of study should be assigned to the
min: about 5961 first exam and 20 h of study for the
in 1968. The rate of increase for
b. The graphing approach seems to be second exam.
1978 is 7.4 times larger than that
10. Use the algorithm for finding extreme
values. First, find the derivate f ¿ 1x2 .
for 1968. easier to use for the functions. It is
b. The rate of increase for 1998 is quicker and it gives the graphs of
Then find any critical points by setting
f ¿ 1x 2
0 and solving for x. Also find
7.4 times larger than that for 1988. the functions in a good viewing

the values of x for which f ¿ 1x 2 is

c. Answers may vary. For example, rectangle. The only problem may
data from the past are not necessarily come in the second function, m1x2 ,
undefined. Together these are the
critical values. Now evaluate f 1x2 for
good indicators of what will happen because for x 6 1.5, the function
in the future. Interest rates change, quickly approaches values in the
negative thousands. the critical values and the endpoints 2
borrowing may decrease, principal
3. a. 500 squirrels and 2. The highest value will be the
may be paid off early.
b. 2000 squirrels absolute maximum on the interval, and
8. y
1
c. (54.9, 10) the lowest value will be the absolute
y
minimum on the interval.
a. f 1x2 is increasing on the intervals
2 d. P(t)
11.
1q, 2 2 and 10, q 2 .
25

Also, f 1x2 is decreasing on the

20
1
15
interval 12, 02 .
x 10 b. 0
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 5
t
–1 0 50 100 150 200 250 300

e. P grows exponentially until the

–2
point of inflection, then the growth
rate decreases and the curve
becomes concave down.

NEL Answers 655

 12. a. no maximum or minimum value d. t 7 10 s e. 6000
y 15. The solution starts in a similar way to
8 that of question 9. The effectiveness
4000
6 function is
4 E1t 2
0.5Q10  te 10t
R
2000
2
x  0.6Q9  125  t 2e 25t
20 R
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 0
–2 The derivative simplifies to 0 10 20 30 40
E¿1t2
0.05e10 110  t 2
t
The graph is constantly decreasing.
b. min: e 1  3 ⬟ 2.63, no max  0.03e 10 15  t 2 The y-intercept is (0, 5500). Rabbit
25t

y populations normally grow

This expression is very difficult to exponentially, but this population is
8
solve analytically. By calculation on a shrinking exponentially. Perhaps a
6
graphing calculator, we can determine large number of rabbit predators,
4 that the maximum effectiveness occurs such as snakes, recently began to
2 when t
8.16 h. appear in the forest. A large number
x
16. a. P
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 of predators would quickly shrink

Number of cells (thousands)

–2 10
the rabbit population.
8

1 6 7. at about 0.41 h
c. min: e ⬟ 0.37, no max 4 8. The original function represents
y 2
growth when ck 7 0, meaning that
t
8 0
2 4 6 8 10 12 c and k must have the same sign. The
Days
6 original function represents decay
4
b. after 4.6 days, 5012 when c and k have opposite signs.
c. The rate of growth is slowing down 9. a. 5000
2
x as the colony is getting closer to its b. 5751
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 limiting value. c. 9111
–2
10. a. 406.80 mm Hg
Mid-Chapter Review,
d. no max or min b. 316.82 mm Hg
pp. 248–249 c. 246.74 mm Hg
y
1. 15e 3x 11. 15% per year
f 1x 2
xe x
8 a.
1 12.
e7 x
f ¿1x2
xe x  11 2 e x
6 b.
e 2x 12x 3  3x 2 2

e x 1x  1 2
4 c.
d. 1e x 2 1x 2  1 2
21x  xe x  e x  e 2x 2
2
x e. So, e x 7 0
–8 –6 –4 –2 0 2 4 6 8 4 x1 7 0
x 7 1
1e x  e x 2 2
–2 f.
–4 This means that the function is
2. a. 500e 5t increasing when x 7 1.
–6
b. 2.5 13. y
–8
3. x  y  2
0 4
4. a. y¿
3e x,
13. about 0.61 y–
3e x
2
14. a. d(t) b. y¿
2xe 2x  e 2x,
120 y–
4xe 2x  4e 2x x
100 c. y¿
3e x  xe x, –4 –2 0 2 4
y–
2e x  xe x
5. a. 21ln 8 2 182x5 2
80
–2
b. 0.641ln 10 2 1 110 2 2x 2
60
40
c. 2x 11ln 2 2 1x 2 2  2x 2 –4
20
t
d. 9001ln 5 2 152 3x1
e. 1ln 1.9 2 11.92 x  1.9x 0.9
0
a. A1t2
100011.06 2 t
f. 4x 11ln 4 2 1x  2 2 2  2x  42
2 4 6 8 10 14.
b. A¿1t2
100011.06 2 t ln 1.06
c. A¿12 2
$65.47,
b. increasing when 0 6 t 6 ln12 and 6. a. 5500
b. 50Qe10 R
t
A¿152
$77.98,
decreasing when t 7 ln12 c. decreasing by about 15 rabbits/month A¿ 110 2
$104.35
c. about 106.15°> s d. 5500 d. No

656 A n s w e r s NEL