ELECTROMAGNETICS
Tutorial 4
Wave Equation and Wave Propagation
1. Establish the relation for Helmholtz’s equation for electromagnetic wave propagation.
2. List out the Maxwell equations phasor form for the time varying case in free space. A
conducting bar can slide freely over two conducting rails placed at x = 0 and x =
10cm. calculate the induced voltage in the bar if the bar slides at a velocity 𝑉⃗ = 10 a𝑦
m/s and 𝐵⃗ = 3𝑎 mWb/m2.
3. A uniform plane wave inn free space is given by 𝐻⃗ S = (250 < 30°) 𝑒 𝑎 V/m.
determine phase constant, frequency of the wave, intrinsic impedance, 𝐸⃗ S and the
magnitude 𝐻⃗ of at z = 25 mm and t = 4ps.
4. With a certain region, 𝜀 = 10-11 F/m and 𝜇 = 10-5 H/m. If Bx = 2 × 10-4 cos105t sin10-3
yT. Find:
(a) find 𝐸⃗
(b) Find the total magnetic flux passing through the surface x = 0, 0 < y < 40m, 0 < z
< 2m at t = 1 𝜇𝑠.
(c) Find the value of closed line integral of 𝐸⃗ around the perimeter of the given
surface.
5. A uniform plane wave in free space is propagating in the –ay direction at a frequency
of 5 MHz. If E = 200 cos (𝜔𝑡 + 𝛽𝑦) az V/m, write the expression for electric and
magnetic field, i.e., Es (x, y, z) and Hs (x, y, z) respectively in phasor forms.
6. Derive an expression for standing Wave Ratio (SWR) indicating where on the z-axis
you’ll get the maximum and minimum value of electric field intensity E. Assume that
the boundary is at z = 0, the region z < 0 is a perfect dielectric and the region z > 0
may be of any material.
7. Find the amplitude of the displacement current density in an air space within a large
power transformer where H = 106 (377t + 1.2566 × 10-6 z) ay A/m.
8. A lossless dielectric material has 𝜎 = 0, 𝜇 = 1, 𝜀 = 4. An electromagnetic wave gas
magnetic field expressed as 𝐻⃗ = -0.1cos (𝜔𝑡 − 𝑧) ax + 0.5 sin cos (𝜔𝑡 − 𝑧) ay A/m.
find:
(a) Angular frequency (𝜔)
(b) wave impedance
(c) 𝐸⃗
9. Let 𝐸⃗ (z, t) = 1800 cos (107 𝜋𝑡 − 𝛽𝑧) ax V/m and 𝐻⃗(z, t) = 3.8 cos (107 𝜋𝑡 − 𝛽𝑧) ay
A/m represents a uniform plane wave propagating at a velocity of 1.4 × 108 m/s in
perfect dielectric. Find
(a) 𝛽
(b) λ
(c) η
(d) 𝜇
(e) 𝜀 .
10. At 50 MHz, a lossy dielectric material is characterized by 𝜖 = 3.6𝜖 , 𝜇 =2.1 𝜇 and
𝜎 = 0.08 S/m. if 𝐸⃗ = 6e-yx 𝑎 ⃗ V/m, compute:
a) Propagation constant
By Er. SHIV SHANKAR SAH 1
ELECTROMAGNETICS
Tutorial 4
Wave Equation and Wave Propagation
b) Wavelength
c) 𝐻⃗
11. A 9.4 GHz uniform plane wave is propagating in a medium with 𝜖 = 2.25, 𝜇r = 1. If
the magnetic field intensity is 7 mA/m and the materials is lossless, find
i) Velocity of propagation
ii) the wave length
iii) Phase constant
iv) intrinsic impedance
v) Magnitude of electric field intensity
12. State and derive the expression of motional emf (electromotive force). Consider two
parallel conductors placed at x = 0 and x = 5 cm in a magnetic field 𝐵⃗ = 6𝑎⃗z mWb/m2.
A high resistance voltmeter is connected at one end and a conducting bar is sliding at
other end with velocity 𝑉⃗ = 18 𝑎⃗y m/s. calculate the induced voltage and show the
polarity of induced voltage across the voltmeter.
13. An EM wave travels in free space with the electric field component 𝐸⃗ = (15 𝑎⃗y – 5
𝑎⃗x) cos (𝜔𝑡 − 3𝑦 + 5𝑧)V/m. find
a) 𝜔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 λ
b) the magnetic field component.
14. Find the amplitude of the displacement current density in a metallic conductor of 60
Hz, if 𝜀 = 𝜀 0, 𝜇 = 𝜇 0 𝜎 = 5.8 × 107 s/m, and 𝐽⃗ = sin (377t – 117.1z) 𝑎 ⃗ MA/m2.
15. Two uniform plane wave in non-magnetic medium has 𝐸⃗ = 50cos (108t + 2z) 𝑎
V/m. find:
i) The direction of propagation
ii) phase constant 𝛽, wavelength λ, velocity Vp, relative permittivity 𝜀 0, intrinsic
impedance η
iii) 𝐻⃗
16. Within a certain region, 𝜀 = 10-11 F/m and 𝜇 = 10-5 H/m.
If 𝐵⃗ = 2 × 10-4 cos105 tsin10-3 y 𝑎 ⃗T:
⃗
a) use ∇ × 𝐻⃗ = 𝜀 to find 𝐸⃗;
b) find the total magnetic flux passing through the surface x = 0, , 0𝑦 ≤ 2, 𝑧 =
40𝑚, 0 ≤ 𝑧 ≤ 2𝑚, 𝑎𝑡 𝑡 = 1, 𝜇S.
17. The magnetic flux intensity 𝐻⃗ in free space is given as
𝐻⃗(x, t) = 10 cos(108t + 𝛽x) 𝑎 ⃗ A/m find:
a) phase constant (𝛽)
b) wavelength
c) | 𝐸⃗(x, t) | at p (0.1, 0.2, 0.3) at t = lnS
18. The electric field amplitude of a uniform plane wave propagating in the free space in
az direction is 250 V/m. If E = Ex and 𝜔 = 1.00Mrad/s, find:
a) the frequency;
b) the wavelength;
c) the period;
d) the amplitude of H.
By Er. SHIV SHANKAR SAH 2
ELECTROMAGNETICS
Tutorial 4
Wave Equation and Wave Propagation
19. Find the amplitude of the displacement current density inside a typical metallic where
f = 1 KHz, conductivity 𝜎 = 5 × 107 mho/m, dielectric constant 𝜀 R = 1; and the
conduction current J = 107 sin (6283 t – 444 z) ax A/m2..
20. Find the amplitude of displacement current density inside a typical metallic conductor
where f = 1 KHz, 𝜎 = 5 × 107 mho/m, dielectric constant 𝜀 R = 1; and the conduction
current J = 107 sin (6283 t – 444 z) ax A/m2.
21. State poynting’s theorem. An EM wave travels I free space with the electric field
component 𝐸⃗ = (10 𝑎 ⃗ + 5𝑎 ⃗ ) cos (𝜔𝑡 − 2𝑦 − 4𝑧)V/m. find
a) 𝜔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 λ
b) the magnetic field component.
c) The time average power in the wave.
22. For magnetic vector potential given in cylindrical co-ordinates system as 𝐴̅ = 5r3 𝑎
Wb/m in free space, find the magnetic field intensity 𝐻 .
23. The phasor component of the electric field intensity in free space is given by 𝐸⃗s =
(100<45°) e-j50z 𝑎 ⃗ v/m. determine frequency of the wave, wave impedance, 𝐻⃗s, and
magnitude of 𝐸⃗ at z = 10mm, t = 20ps.
24. For a non-magnetic materials having 𝜀 r = 2.25 and 𝜎 = 10-4 mho/m, find the numeric
values at 5MHz for:
a) the loss tangent
b) the attenuation constant
c) the phase constant
d) the intrinsic impedance
25. Find the displacement current density
a) Next to your radio in air, where the local FM provides a carrier having 𝐻⃗ = 0.2cos
[2.10 (3 × 108t – x] 𝑎 A/m
b) inside a large oil-filled power capacitor where ER = 6 and 𝐸⃗ = 100sin[ 1.257 (3 ×
108t –2.45 z] 𝑎 KV/m
c) In a typical metallic conductor at 60 Hz, where 𝜎 = 5 × 107 mho/m, 𝜖 = 𝜖 0 and 𝐽⃗ =
105 sin[117.1(3.22t – z) 𝑎 A/m2.
By Er. SHIV SHANKAR SAH 3