Mayshelle Bench M.
Alfeche Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in
General Science
North Eastern Mindanao State University - Lianga Mr. Kerstan Isaic Requiza
Critical Metacognitive Reading Article Title: Lesson 4 – The Global Interstate
Report (CMRR) System
Summary and Concepts I New Insights I Had Discussion
Discussion Points Challenge or Do After Reading the Questions I Have
Not Understand Article About the Article
• Globalization has • The level of • I used to think that 1. How can
reshaped the role of government governments have governments
governments, autonomy in complete control balance national
influencing policies highly globalized over national interests and
and governance nations. policies. However, international
styles. after reading, I obligations?
• The understand that
• International effectiveness of global agreements 2. Are international
institutions such as international and economic institutions always
the United Nations, institutions in dependencies shape beneficial, or can
WTO, and IMF regulating global domestic policies. they impose unfair
regulate global issues. regulations on
interactions. smaller nations?
Reference #1 (Keohane, R. O. (1984). After Hegemony: Cooperation and
Discord in the World Political Economy. Princeton University
Press.)
Keohane explains how international institutions help governments cooperate while
protecting their national interests. He argues that shared rules and norms enable
countries to work together without a dominant global power.
Reference #2 (Finnemore, M. (2003). The Purpose of Intervention:
Changing Beliefs about the Use of Force. Cornell University
Press.)
Finnemore highlights how international norms influence state decisions, particularly in
military actions. She shows that governments balance national interests with global
expectations to maintain legitimacy.
Mayshelle Bench M. Alfeche Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in General
Science
North Eastern Mindanao State University - Lianga Mr. Kerstan Isaic Requiza
Summary
Criticaland Concepts I Article Title:
Metacognitive NewLesson
Insights5 I- Had
MarketDiscussion
Integration
Discussion Points
Reading Report (CMRR)Challenge or Do After Reading the Questions I Have
Not Understand Article About the Article
• International • The fairness of • I used to think that 1. How can
Financial Institutions loan terms global corporations developing nations
(IFIs) such as the offered by IFIs to only contributed to ensure fair
IMF, World Bank, developing economic growth. treatment when
and WTO play a key nations. dealing with IFIs?
role in stabilizing the • However, I now
global economy. • The ethical understand that 2. Are there
responsibility of they can also create regulations that
• Global corporations global monopolies, exploit prevent
have expanded their corporations in labor, and influence multinational
influence through ensuring fair government corporations from
investments, creating labor practices. policies. exploiting
cross-border supply developing
chains. • The unintended • I realize that IFIs countries?
consequences of have the potential
• Market integration globalization on to either support or 3. What alternatives
has fostered economic local industries. hinder developing exist for countries
growth, but also countries' economic to reduce their
caused income independence. reliance on IFIs?
inequality and
economic
dependency.
Reference #1 (Stiglitz, J. E. (2002). Globalization and Its Discontents.
W.W. Norton & Company.)
Summary and Concepts I New Insights I Had Discussion
Stiglitz criticizes
Discussion Points the policies of international
Challenge or Do After financial institutions
Reading the (IFIs) like the
Questions IMF
I Have
and World Bank, arguingNot theyUnderstand
often impose harsh
Articleeconomic conditions on developing
About the Article
nations. He advocates
• Global governance for fairer
• The negotiations, • I used to think that 1. and
increased transparency, Howstronger
can global
representation for these countries
refers to the collective effectiveness ofto ensure equitable treatment.
only states had governance bodies
Reference
management #2 of global (Rodrik,
global D. (2011). The Globalization
authority in globalParadox: Democracy
address power
issues through and the Future
governance in of the World Economy.
governance. [Link]&between
Norton
international Company.)
enforcing large and small
Rodrik emphasizes
cooperation. that developing
international nations can achieve
• After fairerthe
reading treatment by asserting
states?
greater policy autonomy agreements.
and pushing for reforms in IFIs.
article, He suggests that stronger
I understand
regional alliances and
• The rise of non-state collaborative bargainingthat NGOs and their negotiating
can enhance power in
2. What reforms
the global
actors, financial system.
including • The limitations corporations play a could strengthen
Mayshelle
NGOs and Bench M. Alfeche
of the UN in Bachelor of Secondary
significant role inEducation Major
the UN’s in General
authority
multinational managing Scienceshaping policies. in preventing
corporations, has conflicts due to conflicts?
North Eastern
reshaped globalMindanaostate Statesovereignty.
University - Lianga
• I also realizeMr.
thatKerstan Isaic Requiza
decision-making.
Critical Metacognitive Reading Articlethe effectiveness
Title: Lesson 6 –ofContemporary
3. Are non-state
Global
Report (CMRR) • How non-state global governance
Governance actors held
• The United Nations actors influence often depends on accountable for
and G20+ provide global policies political will and their global
platforms for states to without direct cooperation. influence?
collaborate on global accountability.
challenges.
Reference #1 (Weiss, T. G. (2013). Global Governance: Why? What?
Whither? Polity Press.)
Weiss explores how global governance institutions can address power imbalances by
promoting inclusive decision-making and providing platforms for smaller states. He
emphasizes the role of international norms, coalitions, and diplomatic alliances in
amplifying the voices of less powerful nations.
Reference #2 (Nye, J. S. (2004). Soft Power: The Means to Success in
World Politics. PublicAffairs.)
Nye highlights how small states can leverage soft power—such as cultural diplomacy,
moral authority, and economic cooperation—to influence global governance. He
argues that fostering partnerships and building alliances can enhance their negotiating
power in international bodies.
Mayshelle Bench M. Alfeche Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in General Science
North Eastern Mindanao State University - Lianga Mr. Kerstan Isaic Requiza
Critical Metacognitive Reading Article Title: Lesson 7 – General Principles of International
Report (CMRR) Law
Summary and Concepts I New Insights I Had Discussion
Discussion Points Challenge or Do After Reading the Questions I Have
Not Understand Article About the Article
• International law • The criteria that • I used to think 1. How can smaller
regulates the conduct determines national laws always states ensure their
of states and governs whether a prevailed over interests are
global relations, while situation qualifies international protected when
national law applies as a fundamental agreements. negotiating treaties
within a state’s change under However, after with more powerful
territory. Rebus Sic reading the article, I states?
Stantibus learned that
• Jus Cogens norms, international law can
like the prohibition of • How are Jus supersede national 2. What are some
genocide, are non- Cogens norms law, especially in historical examples
negotiable, while enforced against human rights cases. where the Rebus Sic
Obligations Erga powerful states Stantibus principle
Omnes refer to that violate them? • I used to think was applied?
responsibilities all treaties were
states owe to the permanent. However,
international I now understand that
community. significant changes in
circumstances can
render treaties invalid
• Executive under Rebus Sic
Agreements and Stantibus.
Concordats are less
formal state
agreements, often
addressing diplomatic
or religious matters.
Reference #1 (Bowett, D. W. (1950). Self-Defence in International Law.
Manchester University Press.)
Bowett discusses the application of the rebus sic stantibus principle in international law,
particularly when states invoke it to justify treaty termination. He examines cases where
significant changes in circumstances, like geopolitical shifts, led to the application of this
principle.
Reference #2 (Aust, A. (2013). Modern Treaty Law and Practice. Cambridge
University Press.)
Aust provides an in-depth analysis of how treaties are maintained or terminated under
international law. He highlights cases like Austria-Hungary's annexation of Bosnia-
Herzegovina in 1908, where the rebus sic stantibus principle was used to justify the
breach of prior agreements. Aust also covers the procedural challenges and legal debates
surrounding its application.
Mayshelle Bench M. Alfeche Bachelor of Secondary Education Major in General Science
North Eastern Mindanao State University - Lianga Mr. Kerstan Isaic Requiza
Critical Metacognitive Reading Article Title: Lesson 8 – States, Nationality & Statelessness
Report (CMRR)
Summary and Concepts I New Insights I Had Discussion Questions I
Discussion Points Challenge or Do After Reading the Have About the Article
Not Understand Article
• A state consists of a • What • I used to think 1. How can the
permanent population, protections exist states could lose international community
defined territory, under recognition easily. better support stateless
government, and the international law However, I learned individuals?
capacity to enter for stateless that the principle of
relations with other individuals? state continuity
states. ensures recognition 2. Should states be
• How the even during obligated to grant
• States have international political upheavals. nationality to stateless
fundamental rights, organizations people within their
including assist refugees • I used to think borders?
independence, facing refugees
equality, existence, statelessness automatically gain
and self-defense. nationality upon 3. What are the legal
resettlement. challenges faced by
• Nationality However, I refugees seeking
establishes the legal discovered that citizenship in host
relationship between a gaining nationality countries?
person and a state, can be a complex
granting rights and and lengthy
responsibilities. process.
• Statelessness occurs
when a person is not
recognized as a
citizen by any state,
often leading to a lack
of legal protections.
Reference #1 (Blitz, B. K., & Lynch, M. (Eds.). (2011). Statelessness and
Citizenship: A Comparative Study on the Benefits of Nationality.
Edward Elgar Publishing.)
Blitz and Lynch explore the challenges faced by stateless individuals and propose strategies
for the international community to provide better support. They recommend strengthening
legal frameworks, expanding access to nationality, and enhancing collaboration between states
and international organizations like the UNHCR to protect stateless populations.
Reference #2 (UNHCR. (2014). Global Action Plan to End Statelessness 2014-
2024. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.)
The UNHCR’s action plan outlines specific measures to prevent and reduce statelessness,
including promoting birth registration, eliminating discriminatory laws, and providing legal
pathways to citizenship. The report also emphasizes the importance of international
cooperation and advocacy in ensuring the rights and dignity of stateless individuals.