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Prokaryotic DNA Replication Overview

DNA replication is a semiconservative process that occurs through various mechanisms including theta replication in bacteria, rolling circle replication in viruses, and linear replication in eukaryotes. The process involves key enzymes such as primase, helicase, DNA polymerase, and ligase, with DNA synthesis always occurring in the 5’-3’ direction. Eukaryotic replication is more complex, featuring multiple origins of replication and the challenge of replicating telomeres at chromosome ends.

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15 views28 pages

Prokaryotic DNA Replication Overview

DNA replication is a semiconservative process that occurs through various mechanisms including theta replication in bacteria, rolling circle replication in viruses, and linear replication in eukaryotes. The process involves key enzymes such as primase, helicase, DNA polymerase, and ligase, with DNA synthesis always occurring in the 5’-3’ direction. Eukaryotic replication is more complex, featuring multiple origins of replication and the challenge of replicating telomeres at chromosome ends.

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Harshi Harshi
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© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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DNA Replication

DNA Replication is semiconservative –Meselson and Stahl experiment


Replication types – Theta (bacteria)
Rolling circle replication - Viruses
Linear Replication
(Eukaryotes)
RNA
Primer

dNTP

DNA Pol

PPi
DNA Synthesis is always in 5’-3’ direction
Theta replication-bidirectional (Prokaryotes)
Rolling circle replication-viruses
Linear replication-Eukaryotes
dnaA

Bacterial DNA Replication: Initiation

Primosome = Primase + Helicase

dnaB + dnaC
Bacterial DNA Replication: Initiation (action of helicases, SSB and gyrase)
Action of primase (synthesizes RNA primer)
DNA Pol I replaces RNA primer
(cleaves RNA via its
5’-3’exonucleases function and
synthesizes new DNA in the
Function of same 5’-3’ direction via its
DNA Pol I and 5’-3’polymerase activity
Ligase Ligase seals the nick (forms the
phosphodiester bonds)
Elongation via DNA Pol III Holoenzyme
Eukaryotic Replication
• ARS (autonomously replicating sequence) – yeast

• Multiple origin of replication (tightly regulated so each


origin replicates once per S cycle)

• Many respects similar to prokaryotic replication, uses


more enzymes
Replication process in Yeast
Linear DNA End Replication:
trouble?
The ends of chromosomes—the
telomeres—possess
many copies of a short repeated
sequence. In the protozoan
Tetrahymena, this telomeric repeat is
CCCCAA with the G-rich strand
typically protruding beyond
the C-rich strand

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