Under the Skin: A Cinematic Exploration
Under the Skin: A Cinematic Exploration
UNDER THE SKIN
A film by Jonathan Glazer
Written by Jonathan Glazer & Walter Campbell
Based upon the novel Under The Skin by Michael Faber
Starring: Scarlett Johansson
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Sheri Goldberg Nicolette Aizenberg
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TRT: 107 MIN. | U.S.A. | LANGUAGE: ENGLISH | COLOR
SYNOPSIS
From visionary director Jonathan Glazer (SEXY BEAST, BIRTH) comes a stunning
career transformation, a masterpiece of existential science fiction that journeys to the
heart of what it means to be human, extraterrestrial — or something in between. A
voluptuous woman of unknown origin (Scarlett Johansson) combs the highways in search
of isolated or forsaken men, luring a succession of lost souls into an otherworldly
lair. They are seduced, stripped of their humanity, and never heard from again.
Based on the novel by Michel Faber (The Crimson Petal and the White), UNDER THE
SKIN examines human experience from the perspective of an unforgettable heroine who
grows too comfortable in her borrowed skin, until she is abducted into humanity with
devastating results.
and ultimately released from captivity. In the movie, the humanized alien lures random
men into her van, ferries them to a nearby location, seduces them, only to leave them
suspended in a kind of otherworldly amniotic fluid until they resemble desiccated,
soulless husks.
Much of what was written in screenplay form, including pages of dialogue,
became unusable when Glazer experienced a breakthrough moment that would alter the
entire direction of the production. After casting Scarlett Johansson as the predatory
alien, and costuming her in femme fatale regalia, including cheap wig, heavy lipstick
and fur coat, Glazer adopted the radical technique of depositing the widely recognized
A-list actress incognito into civilian life on the streets of Glasgow — where she began
recruiting her prey from a wide swath of random citizens. (Willing participants later
signed release forms after becoming aware of the ruse; only a few people recognized
Johansson during production).
***
Thus the central idea of Glazer's UNDER THE SKIN became about disguising the
actress and dropping her into the real world, where she is left to mingle with and
manipulate its unwitting citizens for much of the film's running time. "Once you make
the decision that you're going to create a film in this way, you're simply dealing with the
logistics of how not to be spotted," Glazer explains. "It made the scenes very tense. You
could spend the day shooting with the best intentions and wind up with footage you
couldn't use. But I knew in my mind this was the best way to work for this particular
character and story." Director of Photography Daniel Landin (44 INCH CHEST, THE
UNINVITED) elaborates: "Jonathan was committed to not altering what was found —
whether footage or location — and this became no less intense than creating an artificial
world for UNDER THE SKIN. Our challenges become twofold: how to put our alien
character into this real environment without altering it, and how best to control that
environment within the frame."
To perfect the ruse, Glazer and his crew fashioned a bespoke camera system with heads
that were small enough to be hidden in various locations (inside a moving vehicle or a
crowded nightclub; on the streets of Glasgow) and positioned according to the action
required for coverage. When the crew walked away, Johansson stepped in, concealing
any evidence that a film was being shot. During the filming of a scene in which
Johansson falls in the street and is helped to her feet by passersby, Glazer experienced a
freedom he had never felt before on any set. "Conventionally, you'd have to lock off the
street, fill it with extras, block it, rehearse it, then shoot it," he explains. "Here, we
pointed our hidden cameras at the spot where she would fall, and we waited to see what
happened."
Johansson's character spends a good percentage of screen time driving aimlessly in
search of victims, something Glazer did not want simulated as in conventional
productions. He wanted her immersed in the function of driving, so he had his team
mount cameras inside the cab of the inconspicuous van driven by Johansson during much
of the film. "This way she could drive and we could film everything she did and
everything she drove past," Glazer explains. "We were photographing Scarlett and her
points of view simultaneously — the cameras almost became an extension of her own
eye."
The challenge here was finding a camera that could be both small enough to be
concealed, and at the same time capture uncompressed cinematic material. When it was
discovered that no such camera existed, Glazer and Landin reached out to Visual Effects
Supervisor Tom Debenham and his colleagues at London effects house One of Us to put
together the One Cam, which was developed over the year preceding the shoot. Small
16mm Schneider lenses were hidden within the reformed dashboard of the white van. All
eight cameras were hard-wired to a central data station in the rear of the van, where they
could be remotely switched on and monitored. "The cameras gave such good imagery
hat they became our preferred visual pallet," says Landin. "This footage superseded the
Alexa footage (shot with Zeiss Super Speeds), which we shot where the
terrain necessitated a more conventional and rugged camera."
Glazer likens the experience to taking film to the people, rather than people (or
actors) being brought onto a film's set to create the subsequent work. "It's a very exciting
scenario for a filmmaker, with the actor driving you around, and you in the back of the
van with the few crew members you need at your side," he adds. "It's intoxicating and
you can easily get lost shooting like that. Everyone on the street is unknown — they
could be dangerous. Anything could happen, or nothing could happen. But it's where the
film worked the best for me, putting Scarlett in disguise on the streets of Glasgow, as a
kind of Trojan horse."
Johansson for her part describes the experience as nothing less than intoxicating
because it allowed the very visible actress to go undercover in real life, undetected and in
an entirely unpredictable fashion. "You have to get all your ducks in a row so you don't
blow your own cover," Johansson explains of her process. "You also want to make sure
that each take includes something useful. There were moments — and these were truly
terrifying — when you felt like you couldn't do something, or you didn't know if a scene
was going to emerge out of nothing. You had no choice but to go with it, which is when
the scene would usually start to take shape."
***
What resulted was a kind of guerrilla Dogme production, in which anything could
happen — and often did — centering on a unique point of view that fuses both alien and
human perspectives into a bold cinematic vision. "I don't think any of us had worked this
way before," Johansson admits. "We all had to adjust to whatever came our way and
leave ourselves open to anything. Because of that, you allow yourself to be vulnerable in
a way that's terrifying and liberating at the same time."
Johansson was drawn to UNDER THE SKIN mainly out of a desire to work with Glazer
— she was a fan of his previous features SEXY BEAST and BIRTH. But as she became
immersed in the project, something more profound took root. "It was this idea of putting
on this other skin and completely transforming into someone unrecognizable," she
admits. "The trick was finding out how to do this without being recognized in a crowd.
Jonathan described it as a transformation from an 'it' to a 'she.' I think that's what the film
at its core is really about."
To prepare for the role, Johansson had to learn to drive on the opposite side of the
road as well as adopt a credible English accent, which she perfected in the days leading
up to production with the help of a voice coach, using a phonetic system of repeated
word fragments to hone her diction. Some of this recorded practice dialogue was
refashioned by Glazer as sound design in the opening scene of the film, as Johansson
adjusts to life in new human skin, struggling to make sense of a world that is entirely
foreign to her as her alien perspective melds with a human one. "It was a kind of
metamorphosis, but there was also something metaphysical about playing this character,"
Johansson explains. "It's hard to put your finger on it and that was part of its appeal for
me. This is not a genre movie. It's more along the lines of an Ingmar Bergman drama in
terms of its philosophical inquiry."
For additional casting, Glazer opted for non-professionals — indeed, most of the
so- called cast is comprised of random people on the street going about their daily
business. For the role of The Bad Man, the ominous motorcyclist who swoops in to
clean up after Johansson's mistakes, Grazer cast the professional road racer Jeremy
McWilliams. Two of Johansson's roadside pick-ups were scripted and cast, including the
deformed grocery shopper who is the only victim to escape from Johansson's clutches.
Most everyone else in the cast, with the exception of the Good Samaritan who rescues
and civilizes Johansson in the rainy Highlands and the brutal forestry official who
hastens her demise, was an unwitting participant — until they found themselves
characters in Glazer's covert
production. "We captured real life in different ways," Johansson adds, "by picking people
up in the van, driving through crowds, going shopping, going to a nightclub, eating in a
restaurant — all these scenes of life pivoting around this one character."
Debenham, for his part, describes this unique run-and-gun process as a kind of
heightened reality that made cast and crew alike experience filmmaking in invigorating
new ways. "We were all excited by the reality of shooting with multiple cameras — that
ability to have a sustained single performance and be able to action-cut around it and not
break the spell of Scarlett's performance, whether it was a single character navigating the
world or an interaction between more than one character," explains the Visual Effects
Supervisor. "Sometimes it was the thrill of capturing the reality of light entering a
moving vehicle — or the reality of moving through a space in time. Everything we're
already familiar with on a cinematic level becomes that much more intense when you
know that it's real and not staged. That was the goal of this, really."
***
From the film's inception, the rugged Scottish terrain was as powerful a component
in the alien protagonist's journey at the streets of Glasgow where she tracks her quarry.
The outdoor sequences needed to be as otherworldly as possible, considering the film's
unique point of view. "We wanted to show a landscape which was essentially unseen by
our protagonist, who intrinsically had no response to her surroundings," explains Landin.
"It was important that the camera’s gaze also subscribed to this objectivity. The
highlands can be brutal and spectacular in the same breath — the forest is both a rich
blanket enveloping and protecting, and a vicious thicket of shards and pits. By shooting
in winter, we exploited a low light and a pure and virtually monochromatic pallet
constantly slicked in moisture, across which our alien was a saturated pink outsider."
Locations were crucial in shaping the film's distinct visual language, a testament to
the scouting work of Location Manager Eugene Strange. The Scotland seen in the film
offers an alternate perspective to the conventional landscape: moors become hostile, a
beach
murderous. Even the picture-postcard castle visited by the protagonist in the company of
a human Good Samaritan threatens to dismantle the alien visitor. "Frequently we traveled
beyond the area known to locals, focusing on places generally overlooked by filmmakers
and tourists," explains Landin. "The winter conditions brought technical challenges, and
frequent dramatic changes in light were always throwing up new decisions to be made.
But using multiple cameras meant that we were able to have coverage of some unique
moments of natural and dramatic light."
Much of the cinematography in the Scottish Highlands was as stealth and secretive
as the Glasgow camera work. "Frequently we filmed at night in vast stretches of barely
lit roads, necessitating both enhancing existing street lighting, and in some cases
replacing long vandalized lampposts," explains Landin, "all the while maintaining a
naturalism that was required to ensure there was no noticeable presence of a film unit.
Scarlett was given the freedom to move within these environments without the
conventional limitations of a film set, and the other players within the film were
generally unaware of where the cameras were — if indeed they were aware they were
participating in a film at all."
***
As much a character in the film as the Scottish landscape or the alien protagonist
is the film's hypnotic, metronomic score by the first-time composer Mica Levi, whose
indie band Micachu & The Shapes is well regarded in rarefied music circles. Glazer had
shot and edited most of the film by the time music supervisor Peter Raeburn approached
him with scoring ideas. Raeburn played him composers like Zbigniew Preisner and Hans
Zimmer, but Glazer wasn't interested in a flashy Hollywood score from an established
name. On the contrary, he was looking for a young genius type composing in his or her
bedroom, someone who had not worked on a film score before who could create
something revelatory that would become the soul of the film.
Raeburn played Glazer some work by the 24-year-old Levi, who is classically trained and
had already performed concertos with the London Sinfonietta before she turned 21. Levi
was approached and came on board, working with Raeburn and Glazer in the studio for
months before a score began to take shape. Fast, frenzied strings combined with a
plodding piston-like undercurrent resulted in film music that both underscored and
refracted the central character's interior and exterior lives as she vacillates from wanton
seductress to shell-shocked automaton over the course of the film.
The score was heavily processed and textured through a bedroom technique Levi
employed on one of her mixtapes, Chopped and Screwed — which in turn derived from
the woozy, slowed-down beats of Houston hip-hop performers like DJ Screw, whose
musical output was frequently concocted under the influence of prescription codeine. The
score resembles nothing else in movies, an alien soundscape piped in from a parallel
dimension and made earthly through a human's idiosyncratic touch.
"From my perspective, the objective was transforming an imaginative, farfetched
story into a mundane and real one," Levi explains. "First and foremost you want to
convey that sense of unlikeliness at the heart of the story. Initially she seems a bit weird
as you go through these experiences with her — but it's also quite emotional because
she's the only thing you have to latch onto. You're experiencing the world through this
character, without any moral or philosophical intention. My job was to show the things
you can't see — to try and express her feelings, her experiences, of love, fear, hate,
confusion, curiosity."
For Glazer, the combination of sound, image and technique — placing Johansson in
disguise amid a random populace — resulted in a wholly unique filmmaking experience
that derived from the singular spark of wanting to examine feeling from an alien
perspective. "You start with that feeling, you grow images out to try and describe that
feeling, and then you try and turn those images into a story that holds together," Glazer
explains of his own process. "It wasn't like I sat down and said This is what I want to
achieve and this is how I'm going to get there — it didn't work that way on this film. It
started with something I felt, and then I wanted to see it. We reverse-engineered things in
a way."
ABOUT THE CAST & CREW
SCARLETT JOHANSSON
Tony and BAFTA winner and four-time Golden Globe nominee, Scarlett Johansson
recently wrapped up her second run on Broadway as Maggie in “Cat on a Hot Tin Roof.”
She played Barbara in Joseph Gordon-Levitt’s directorial debut DON JON, released in
late 2013. She also lent her voice to Spike Jonze’s sci-fi romance HER. Most recently
Johansson wrapped production on the Jon Favreau-directed comedy CHEF opposite
Robert Downey Jr., Dustin Hoffman and Sofia Vergara. Up next, she will begin
production on Luc Besson’s action-thriller LUCY, playing the title role opposite Morgan
Freeman. Also this year she completed production on CAPTAIN AMERICA: THE
WINTER SOLDIER, where she reprises her role as Natasha Romanoff/Black Widow;
she will reprise the role again next year when production begins on the follow up to
2012’s hugely successful THE AVENGERS. Johansson received rave reviews and a Best
Actress Award at the Venice Film Festival for her starring role opposite Bill Murray in
LOST IN TRANSLATION, the critically-acclaimed second film by director Sofia
Coppola. She also won a Tony for her Broadway debut in the Arthur Miller play “A
View from a Bridge,” opposite Liev Schreiber. At the age of 12, Johansson attained
worldwide recognition for her performance as Grace Maclean, the teen traumatized by a
riding accident in Robert Redford’s THE HORSE WHISPERER. She went on to star in
Terry Zwigoff’s GHOST WORLD, garnering a Best Supporting Actress award from the
Toronto Film Critics Circle. Johansson was also featured in the Coen Brothers’ dark
drama THE MAN WHO WASN’T THERE, opposite Billy Bob Thornton and Frances
McDormand.
Her other film credits include: HITCHCOCK, opposite Anthony Hopkins; WE
BOUGHT A ZOO for Cameron Crowe; the box office hit IRON MAN 2, the Weitz
brothers’ film IN GOOD COMPANY, as well as opposite John Travolta in A LOVE
SONG FOR BOBBY LONG which garnered her a Golden Globe nomination (her third
in two years)
and in Woody Allen's MATCH POINT, which garnered her fourth consecutive Golden
Globe nominee in three years. Other film credits include HE’S JUST NOT THAT INTO
YOU; VICKY CRISTINA BARCELONA; THE OTHER BOLEYN GIRL; THE
SPIRIT; GIRL WITH A PEARL EARRING (opposite Colin Firth); THE ISLAND
(opposite Ewan McGregor); Brian DePalma’s THE BLACK DAHLIA, Christopher
Nolan’s THE PRESTIGE, and THE NANNY DIARIES.
Her additional credits include Rob Reiner’s comedy NORTH; the thriller JUST
CAUSE with Sean Connery and Laurence Fishburne; and a breakthrough role at the age
of 10 in the critically-praised MANNY & LO which earned her an Independent Spirit
Award nomination for Best Female Lead. A New York native, Johansson made her
professional acting debut at the age of eight in the off- Broadway production of
“Sophistry” with Ethan Hawke, at New York’s Playwright’s Horizons.
JONATHAN GLAZER - DIRECTOR / CO-WRITER
After completing art school and a degree in theatre design at Trent Polytechnic, Jonathan
Glazer landed a job making film trailers. This led to music videos including Radiohead’s
Karma Police and Jamiroquai’s Multi-MTV award winning ‘Virtual Insanity’ video, TV
commercials and art projects. Glazer's feature debut was SEXY BEAST in 2000 and
went on to direct and co-write BIRTH in 2004. UNDER THE SKIN is Glazer’s first film
in nine years.
JAMES WILSON - PRODUCER
Wilson was a producer of Sophie Fiennes' THE PERVERT'S GUIDE TO IDEOLOGY,
Joe Cornish's ATTACK THE BLOCK, James Marsh's THE KING, and served as an
executive producer on Edgar Wright's SHAUN OF THE DEAD. He is currently in post-
production on Iain Forsyth and Jane Pollard's 20,000 DAYS ON EARTH with Nick
Cave. After studying at the University of Sussex and the American Film Institute, he
began his film career as a
production executive first at Fox Searchlight Pictures and then FilmFour, where he
worked on the a number of films including SEXY BEAST, DANCER IN THE DARK,
THE FILTH AND THE FURY, THE LAST KING OF SCOTLAND, BUFFALO
SOLDIERS, NIL BY MOUTH, THE ICE STORM, THE LOW DOWN and THE FULL
MONTY.
NICK WECHSLER - PRODUCER
Wechsler is an independent film producer whose producing credits are a distinctive and
award winning mix of independent and studio films. Recent films include MAGIC MIKE
directed by Steven Soderbergh, starring Channing Tatum and Matthew McConaughey,
and THE ROAD, an adaptation of Cormac McCarthy's Pulitzer Prize-winning novel,
directed by John Hillcoat and starring Viggo Mortensen, Charlize Theron and Robert
Duvall. Wechsler also produced THE COUNSELOR, written by Cormac McCarthy and
directed by Ridley Scott, starring Michael Fassbender, Brad Pitt, Cameron Diaz,
Penelope Cruz and Javier Bardem.
Additionally Wechsler is in post-production on SERENA, based on the novel by
Ron Rash and directed by Academy Award winner Susanne Bier, starring Bradley
Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence. Wechsler’s other producing credits include THE TIME
TRAVELER’S WIFE; WE OWN THE NIGHT, a Cannes Film Festival Palme d’Or
selection; THE FOUNTAIN, a Venice Film Festival Golden Lion selection; NORTH
COUNTRY for which Charlize Theron and Frances McDormand earned Oscar and
Golden Globe Award nominations; REQUIEM FOR A DREAM which earned an
Independent Spirit Award Best Picture nomination and an Oscar nomination for star
Ellen Burstyn; THE YARDS, a Cannes Film Festival Palme d’Or selection; QUILLS, a
Best Picture winner from the National Board of Review; EVE’S BAYOU an Independent
Spirit Award winner for Best First Feature; LOVE JONES, a Sundance Film Festival
Audience Award winner for Best Film; LITTLE ODESSA which won the Venice Film
Festival Silver Lion Award; THE PLAYER, a Golden Globe Award winner for Best
Motion Picture, Comedy; and DRUGSTORE COWBOY, which took Best Film honors
from the National Society of Film Critics. He was also an executive producer of SEX,
LIES AND VIDEOTAPE, which received the 1989 Palme d'Or Award at the Cannes
Film Festival as well as an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay.
WALTER CAMPBELL - CO-WRITER / EXECUTIVE PRODUCER
Walter Campbell has been a writer and art director in advertising for over 25 years.
Working with many of the world's most acclaimed directors and at some of the world's
best agencies, he is one of the most awarded creatives in the industry. He is now at
TBWA in London where he is developing scripts with colleagues from inside the agency
world and also directors with whom he has previously collaborated.
MICA LEVI – COMPOSER
Born in Guildford, Mica Levi was classically trained at school, leading to her winning a
scholarship to study composition at the Guildhall School of Music. During her time at the
latter she released her first mixtape "Filthy Friends" with producers and MCs including
Toddla T, Ghostpoet and Man Like Me. In 2009 she produced songs on DEL’s debut
album "GOB." It was at Guildhall that she met the band members — Raisa Khan and
Marc Pell — who would become Micachu and the Shapes. With the assistance of
producer Matthew Herbert, they made their critically acclaimed debut album "Jewellery"
(Rough Trade, 2009). Since then, in addition to creating its second album "Never," the
group has been extremely prolific: In 2011, using unorthodox, handmade instruments,
they collaborated with the London Sinfonietta — one of the world’s leading
contemporary orchestras — to release the album "Chopped & Screwed," recorded live in
front of an audience at King’s Place. Later that year Micachu and DJ/producer Kwes
released the second volume of their collaborative mixtape series "Kwesachu," which
featured artists such as Ghostpoet, Speech Debelle and DELS. (Volume One was released
in 2009 and featured The xx, Hot Chip and Metronomy). Mica was made an artist in
residence at London’s Southbank Centre in 2011, the youngest individual musician to
have ever been granted this unique role. UNDER THE SKIN is her first film score.
END CREDITS
IN ORDER OF APPEARANCE
Scarlett Johansson
Jeremy McWilliams
Lynsey Taylor Mackay
Dougie McConnell
Kevin McAlinden
D Meade
Andrew Gorman
Joe Szula
Krystof Hadek
Roy Armstrong
Alison Chand
Ben Mills
Oscar Mills
Lee Fanning
Paul Brannigan
Marius Bincu
Scott Dymond
Stephen Horn
Adam Pearson
May Mewes
Michael Moreland
Gerry Goodfellow
Dave Acton
Jessica Mance
Stunt Coordinator Gareth Milne
Stunt Performers Sian Milne
Peter Pedrero
Andy Merchant
Ian Pead
Rick English
Gary Connery
Gary Hoptrough
Production Manager Livia Burton
Production Coordinator Georgie Fallon
Assistant Production Coordinator Steven Little
Production Assistant Fergus Cook
Assistant to Jonathan Glazer Elizabeth Doonan
Assistant to Scarlett Johansson Meagan Rogers
Assistant to Nick Wechsler Felicity Aldridge
First Assistant Director Nick Heckstall Smith
Second Assistant Director Mark Murdoch
Third Assistant Directors Stephen Carney
Susie Lee Co-
Third Assistant Director Alex MacKay
Floor Runners Jack Ivins
Mark Rossi
Adam Gilbert
Sylvie Nowik-Nowika
Rigger Metro Rigging
Damon Graham
Desk Operator Andy Mountain
Electricians Vinny Madden Jr
Bruno Martins
Robert Gavigan
Grips Malcolm Huse
Keith Mead
Unit Medic Phil Walton
Drivers Tina Faulkner
David Rush
Crane Technicians George Powell
Steve Hideg
Libra Head Technician David Freeth
Motion Control Technician Justin Pentecost
Stunt Riggers Dave Cronnelly
Tom Struthers
Animal Handler Trevor Smith
UNDERWATER SHOOT
Coordinator Trevor Evans
Camera Operator Mark Silk
1st Assistant Camera Danny Preston
2nd Assistant Camera Matt Wesson
Gaffers Bernie Prentice
Pip Keeling
Electricians Andy Duncan
Jason Lobb
Olly Crouch
Dive Supervisor Fred Woodcock
Divers Stuart Grosse
Dan Travers
Richard Gunner
Diving Doubles Josh Tuersley
Lenny Woodcock
Medic Geoff Smith
Catering Chrissie Saunders
2ND UNIT / ADDITIONAL PHOTOGRAPHY
2nd Unit Director Tom Debenham
1st Assistant Director David Gilchrist
Brian Horsburgh
PICK UPS
Production Mananger Mark Murdoch
Production Assistant Iain Canning
Art Department Assistant Imogen Toner
2nd Assistant Director Marilyn Edmond
3rd Assistant Director Laurie Mahon
Utility Stand in Stephanie Snowden
One Cam Director of Photography Tom Debenham
B' Cam Focus Puller Simon Surtees
Gerd Schepers
Gero Bauknecht
Legal services for Silver Reel provided by David Quli
Daniel Whybrew
of Wiggin LLP
On behalf of Creative Scotland
Development and Production Robbie Allen
Business Affairs Linda McClure
Legals Brehon & Co (Mary Brehony)
Filmed on location in England and Scotland
NO IDENTIFICATION WITH ANY PERSONS LIVING OR DEAD IS INTENDED
This motion picture is protected under the laws of the United Kingdom
and other countries. Unauthorised duplication, distribution or
exhibition may result in civil liability and criminal prosecution.
Developed with the assistance of Film4, a division of Channel Four Televsion Corporation
Supported by the National Lottery through Creative Scotland
(Creative Scotland Lottery Logo)
A co-production with Sigma Films