Chapter 5 Practice Problems Key
Operational Skills
1. Identify the relationship between any two gas variables as direct or inverse; determine whether their product or ratio is constant.
2. Use Boyle’s law.
3. Use Charles’ law.
4. Use Avogadro’s law.
5. Use STP in problems.
6. Use the combined gas law.
7. Starting from the ideal gas law, find the relationship between any two variables.
8. Given any three of the variables P, V, T, and n for a gas, calculate the fourth using the ideal gas law.
9. Given the molar mass, calculate the density of a gas for a particular temperature and pressure; or, given the gas density, calculate
the molar mass.
10. Stoichiometry: Given the volume (or mass) of one substance in a reaction, calculate the mass (or volume) of another produced or
used up or given a starting amount, calculate the volume of gas produced at a given temperature and pressure.
11. Learn the equation for Dalton’s law of partial pressures.
12. Define the mole fraction of a gas.
13. Calculate the partial pressure and the mole fraction of a gas in a mixture.
14. Describe how gases are collected over water and how to determine the vapor pressure of water.
15. Calculate the amount of gas collected over water.
16. List the five postulates of the kinetic theory.
17. Describe how the root-mean square (rms) molecular speed of gas molecules varies with temperature.
18. Calculate the rms speed of a molecule.
Equations to memorize:
Gas Laws Formulas
1. A balloon with an initial volume of 3.20 L at a temperature 299 K is warmed to 376 K. What is its volume at
the final temperature?
Ans: 4.02 L
2. A sample of a gas with an initial volume of 32.5 L at a pressure of 755 mm Hg and a temperature of 315 K is
compressed to a volume of 15.8 L and warmed to a temperature of 395 K. What is the final pressure of the gas?
Ans: 1.95 x 103 mmHg
3. What is the volume occupied by 0.213 mol of helium gas at a pressure of 1.05 atm and a temperature of 315 K?
1
Ans: 5.24 L
4. A cylinder contains 28.5 L of oxygen gas at a pressure of 1.8 atm and a temperature of 298 K. How many moles
of gas are in the cylinder?
Ans: 2.1 mol
5. Calculate the grams of SO2 gas present at STP in a 5.9 L container.
Ans: 17 g
Gas Stoichiometry
1. Magnesium metal reacts with hydrochloric acid to produce hydrogen gas according to the reaction:
Mg(s) + 2HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g)
Calculate the volume in liters of hydrogen produced at 33°C and 665 mmHg from 0.0840 mol Mg and excess HCl.
nH2: 0.0840 mol Mg x (1 mol H2 / 1 mol Mg) = 0.0840 mol H2 pV
= nRT
V = (0.0840 mol H2 x 0.08206 x 306.15) / 0.875 = 2.41 L
2. Nitric acid is produced from nitrogen monoxide, which in turn is prepared from ammonia by the Ostwald process:
4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) → 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)
What volume of oxygen at 35°C and 2.15 atm is needed to produce 100.0 g of nitrogen monoxide?
100.0 g NO x (1 mol NO / 30.01 g) x (5 mol O 2 / 4 mol NO) = 4.16527 mol O2 V
= nRT / p
V = 4.16527 x 0.08206 x 308.15 / 2.15 = 49.0 L
3. What is the root mean square velocity of oxygen gas at STP? Be careful with significant figures. Molar mass of O 2 =
0.0319988 kg/mol (6sf) T = 273.15 (exact) p = 1.00 atm (exact)
4. A chemist vaporized a liquid compound and determined its density. If the density of the vapor at 90.°C and 753 mmHg is
1.585 g/L, what is the molar mass of the compound?
2
5. A 50.00-mL sample of oxygen is collected over water at a total pressure of 609.7 mmHg and 19°C. The vapor
pressure of water at 19°C is 16.5 mmHg (Refer to table 5.6 below). A) What is the partial pressure of oxygen? B)
What is the number of moles of oxygen at 19°C?