A physical fitness trainer for a young Hollywood movie star explains the reasons for 100 stomach
crunches a day. The young star, a medical student before ‘hitting it big,’ reaffirms to his trainer that
the lateral margin of the rectus abdominis, the muscle responsible for a washboard stomach, defines
which of the following structures?
Linea semilunaris
Linea alba
Linea circularis
Transversalis fascia
Falx inguinalis
During surgical treatment of portal hypertension in a 59-year-old man with liver cirrhosis, a surgeon
inadvertently lacerates the dilated paraumbilical veins. The veins must be repaired to allow collateral
flow. Which of the following ligaments is most likely severed?
Ligamentum teres hepatis
Lienorenal ligament
Lienogastric ligament
Gastrophrenic ligament
Ligamentum venosum
A 43-year-old woman is admitted to the hospital because of deep abdominal pain in her epigastric
region. On examination, it is observed that a retroperitoneal infection erodes an artery that runs along
the superior border of the pancreas. Which of the following arteries is likely injured?
Splenic artery
Right gastric artery
Left gastroepiploic artery
Gastroduodenal artery
Dorsal pancreatic artery
A 19-year-old young woman with a long history of irritable bowel syndrome presents for the possibility
of surgical resection of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract where the vagal parasympathetic innervation
terminates. Which of the following sites is most appropriate for surgical resection?
Left colic flexure
Duodenojejunal junction
Ileocecal junction
Right colic flexure
Anorectal junction
A 58-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting
resulting in dehydration.
Emergency CT scan reveals a tumor located between the celiac trunk and the superior
mesenteric artery. Which of the following structures is likely compressed by this tumor?
Neck of the pancreas
Fundus of the stomach
Transverse colon
Hepatopancreatic ampulla
Duodenojejunal junction
An emergent hernia repair is scheduled. Asthe attending physician is driving to the hospital, the
medical student assisting on the case quickly reviews his anatomy atlas and is trying
to commit to memory that the internal oblique abdominis muscle contributes to the formation of which
of the following structures?
Falx inguinalis (conjoint tendon
Inguinal ligament
Deep inguinal ring
Internal spermatic fascia
Reflected inguinal ligament
49. A 9-year-old girl has crashed into her neighbor’s brick fence while riding her bike and is brought to
the emergency department with a great deal of abdominal pain. Her radiogram and angiogram show
laceration of the superior mesenteric artery immediately distal to the origin of the middle colic artery.
If collateral circulation is discounted, which of the following organs may become ischemic?
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Duodenum
Pancreas
Transverse colon
A 53-year-old woman with known kidney disease presents to a hospital because her pain has become
increasingly more severe. A physician performing kidney surgery must remember that:
The left renal vein runs anterior to both the aorta and the left renal artery
The left kidney lies a bit lower than the right one
The perirenal fat lies external to the renal fascia
The renal fascia does not surround the suprarenal gland
The right renal artery is shorter than the left renal artery
51. A neonatal baby was born with diabetes mellitus due to an inadequate production of insulin.
Cells in the endocrine portion of the pancreas that secrete insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin are
derived from which of the following?
Endoderm
Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Proctodeum
Neural crest cells
52. During development, the midgut arteryappears to be markedly narrowed at its origin. Which of
the following structures is derivedfrom the midgut and may receive inadequate blood supply?
Ascending colon
Gallbladder
Stomach
Descending colon
Rectum
A 3-year-old boy is admitted to the children’s hospital with complaints of restlessness, abdominal
pain, and fever. An MRI examination reveals that he has a double ureter. Which of the following
embryonic structures is most likely failed to develop normally?
Ureteric bud
Mesonephric (Wolffian) duct
Paramesonephric (Müllerian) duct
Metanephros
Pronephros
A neonate has a small reducible protrusion through a defined ring at the umbilicus. His pediatrician
indicates to the parents that this will likely close spontaneously. Which of the following congenital
malformations is present?
Umbilical hernia
Symptomatic patent urachus
Patent omphalomesenteric duct
Omphalocele
Gastroschisi