UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN
VALLEY
College of Health
College Avenue, Tuguegarao City 3500 Main Campus: Dr. Matias P. Perez Sr.
Bldg.
Phone/Fax (078) 844 8981
Name of Student: Mary Joyce Mongcal Year and Section: BSN-1 A17
Name of instructor: Catherine Maribbay
MODULE No. 1
TITLE: RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
OVERVIEW This module is designed to introduce concept of anatomy
and physiology of the respiratory system.
Questions and activities in this module consider both the
anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
structures
INTRODUCTI Body cells require an abundant and continuous supply of
ON oxygen to carry out their activities. As cells use oxygen,
they release carbon dioxide, a waste product that must be
eliminated from the body. The circulatory and respiratory
systems are ultimately involved in obtaining and delivering
oxygen to body cells and eliminating carbon dioxide from
the body. The respiratory system is responsible for gas
exchange between the pulmonary and external
environment (that is, external respiration). The respiratory
system also plays an important role in maintaining acid-
base balance of the blood.
LEARNING 1. Apply knowledge of physical, social, natural, and
OUTCOMES health sciences and humanities in the practice of
nursing
2. Utilize basic anatomical facts and physiological
concepts and principles in the nursing care
individuals
3. Engage in lifelong learning in developing competence
in Anatomy and Physiology
4. Communicate effectively using anatomical terms
5. Adopt nursing core values in Anatomy and Physiology
Catherine C. Maribbay Page 1
LEARNING At the end of this module, the learner should be able to:
OBJECTIVES
1. Integrate concepts, theories and principles of
sciences and humanities Anatomy and Physiology
2. Integrate basic concepts of anatomy and physiology
in the nursing care of client
3. Engage in self-directed learning to enhance competence
in Anatomy and Physiology
4. Utilize appropriate communication techniques in
Anatomy and physiology
5. Demonstrate caring as the core of nursing, love of God,
love of country, and love of people when discussing
Anatomy and Physiology
Discussion
I. FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY
A. The following questions refer to the primary bronchi.
Which of the primary bronchi is larger in diameter? Right
Which of the primary bronchi is more horizontal? Left
Which of the primary bronchi is the most common site for lodging of
a foreign object that has entered the respiratory passageways?
Right
Catherine C. Maribbay Page 2
B. Complete the following statements by inserting your answers
in the answer blanks.
Air enters the nasal cavity of the respiratory system through the
NOSTRILS The nasal cavity is divided by the NASAL SEPTUM The
nasal cavity mucosa has several functions. Its major functions are to
CLEANSE, WARM, and HUMIDIFY the incoming air. Mucous
membrane-lined cavities called SINUSES are found in the several
surrounding the nasal cavities. They make the skull less heavy and
probably act as a resonance chamber for SPEECH. The passageway
common to the digestive and respiratory systems, the PHARYNX, is
often referred to as the throat; it connects the nasal cavity with the
LARYNX below. Clusters of lymphatic tissue, TONSILS, are part of
the defensive system of the body. Reinforcement of the trachea
with CARTILAGE rings prevents its collapse during
PRESSUREchanges that occur during breathing. The fact that the
rings are incomplete posteriorly allows a food bolus to bulge
ANTERIORLY during its transport to the stomach. The larynx or voice
box is built from many cartilages, but the largest is the THYROID
cartilage. Within the larynx are the VOCAL FOLDS(chords) which
vibrate with exhaled air and allows an individual to SPEAK.
C. Select the term that describes the following by inserting the
appropriate term in the answer blanks
Answer Description
1. BRONCHIOLES Smallest conducting respiratory
passageways
2. PALATE Separates the oral and nasal cavities
[Link] Major nerve, stimulating the diaphragm
4. ESOPHAGUS Food passageway posterior to
the trachea
5. EPLIGLOTTIS Closes off the larynx during swallowing
6. TRACHEA Windpipe
7. ALVEOLI Actual site of gas exchanges
8. PARIETAL PLEURA Pleural layer covering the thorax walls
9. VISCERAL PLEURA Pleural layer covering the lungs
10. GLOTTIS Lumen of larynx
11. CONCHAE Fleshy lobes in the nasal cavity which
increase its surface are
Catherine C. Maribbay Page 3
II. RESPIRATORY PHYSIOLOGY
A. Using the key choices, select the terms identified in the
following descriptions by inserting the appropriate term in the
answer blanks
Atmospheric pressure Intrapulmonary Intrapleural pressure
pressure
TERM DESCRIPTION
[Link] In healthy lungs, it is always lower
PRESSURE than atmospheric pressure (that is, it
is negative pressure)
[Link] PRESSUREPressure of air outside the body
[Link] As it decreases, air flows into the
PRESSURE passageways of the lungs
[Link] As it increases over atmospheric
PRESSURE pressure, air flows out of the lungs
[Link] PRESSURE If this pressure becomes equal to the
atmospheric pressure, the lungs
collapse
[Link] Rises well over atmospheric pressure
PRESSURE during forceful cough
B. Many changes occur in the lungs as the diaphragm contract and then
relax. These changes lead to the flow of air into and out of the lungs.
Complete the table by indicating whether they are increase or
decrease in the activity of the diaphragm.
Activity of the Changes in
diaphragm
Internal Internal Size of Direction of air
Catherine C. Maribbay Page 4
volume pressure lungs flow
of the in thorax Into Out of
thorax lung lung
Contracted, increase decrease increase Into
moves lungs
downward
Relaxed, decrease Increase Decrease Out of
moves lungs
superiorly
C. The following section concerns respiratory volume measurements.
Provide the term that describes the following.
TERM DESCRIPTION
1. Respiratory volume inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing- TIDAL
VOLUME
2. Air in respiratory passages that does not contribute to gas exchange-
Dead Space Volume
3. Total amount of exchangeable air- VITAL CAPACITY
4. Gas volume that allows gas exchange to go on continuously- RESIDUAL
VOLUME
5. Amount of air that can still be exhaled (forcibly)
after a normal exhalation- EXPIRATORY RESERVE VOLUME
III. Module summary
A. Complete the statements by inserting the missing word/s
Your journey through the respiratory system is to be on foot. To
begin, you simply will walk into your host’s external nares. You
are miniaturized, and your host is sedated lightly to prevent
sneezing during your initial observations in the nasal cavity and
subsequent descent.
You begin your exploration of the nasal cavity in the right nostril.
One of the first things you notice is that the chamber is very
warm and humid. High above, you see three large round lobes,
Catherine C. Maribbay Page 5
the CONCHAE, which provide a large mucosal surface area for
warming and moistening the entering air. As you walk towards
the rear of this chamber, you see a large lumpy mass of
lymphatic tissue, the TONSILS in the NASOPHARYNX, or first
portion of the pharynx. As you peer down the pharynx, you
realize that it will be next to impossible to maintain your footing
during the next part of your journey. It is nearly straight down,
and the MUCUS secretions are like grease. You sit down and dig
your heels in to get started. After a quick slide, you land abruptly
on one of the pair of flat, sheet like structures that begin to
vibrate rapidly, bouncing you up and down helplessly. You are
also conscious of a rhythmic hum during this jostling, and you
realize that you have landed on a VOCAL FOLDS. You pick
yourself up and look over the superior edge of the LARYNX, down
into the seemingly endless esophagus behind.
UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN
VALLEY
College of Health
College Avenue, Tuguegarao
City 3500 Main Campus: Dr. Matias P. Perez Sr. Bldg. Phone/Fax (078) 844
8981
RUBRICS FOR HOME ASSIGNMENT
CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
GRAMMAR/ Almost Paper Paper Paper
MECHANICS perfect demonstrates demonstrates demonstrate
grammar and competent inconsistent s
mechanics grammar and grammar and incompetent
(Punctuations, mechanics mechanics grammar
subject verb and
agreement, mechanics
etc.)
COMPLETION All of the Most of the Some of the Student did
assigned work assigned work assigned not hand in
is complete is complete work s homework
complete
TIMELINESS Homework Homework was Homework was Homework
was received received 1 day received 2 was
Catherine C. Maribbay Page 6
on the due late days late received 3
date or more
days late
ACCURACY All of the Most of the Some of the Few to none
answers are answers are answers are of the
correct correct correct answers are
correct
WORK Information is Information is Information is The
ORGANIZATION very organized organized with organized, but information
with wellconstructe paragraphs are appears to
wellconstructe d paragraphs not be
d paragraphs wellconstructe disorganized
and d
subheadings
TOTAL SCORE
Catherine C. Maribbay Page 7