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Statistics Assignment Solutions Guide

The document provides solutions to a statistics assignment covering basic concepts, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and common errors in statistical analysis. It includes definitions, examples, and calculations for confidence intervals and p-values, as well as the implications of rejecting or failing to reject null hypotheses. Additionally, it discusses the importance of minimizing Type I errors in medical studies and the potential trade-offs involved.

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3 views3 pages

Statistics Assignment Solutions Guide

The document provides solutions to a statistics assignment covering basic concepts, confidence intervals, hypothesis testing, and common errors in statistical analysis. It includes definitions, examples, and calculations for confidence intervals and p-values, as well as the implications of rejecting or failing to reject null hypotheses. Additionally, it discusses the importance of minimizing Type I errors in medical studies and the potential trade-offs involved.

Uploaded by

suraiyyaustad
Copyright
© All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

Statistics Assignment Solutions

📄 Section A: Easy (Basic Concepts)

1. Definitions with Examples:


 a) Point Estimate

 Definition: A single value used to estimate a population parameter.


 Example: Using a sample mean of ₹500 to estimate the average monthly expense of
a city's residents.

 b) Confidence Level

 Definition: The probability that a confidence interval contains the true population
parameter.
 Example: A 95% confidence level means that 95 out of 100 confidence intervals
would contain the true average test score.

 c) Type I Error

 Definition: Rejecting the null hypothesis when it is actually true.


 Example: Convicting an innocent person in court.

 d) Type II Error

 Definition: Failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false.


 Example: Letting a guilty person go free due to insufficient evidence.

2. 90% Confidence Interval (68, 74)


a) Meaning: We are 90% confident that the true population mean lies between 68 and 74.

b) 99% Interval: It would be wider because higher confidence requires a broader range.

3. 99% Confidence Interval for Population Mean


Given: Mean = 78, SD = 10, n = 64, Z = 2.576

SE = 10 / sqrt(64) = 1.25

CI = 78 ± 2.576 × 1.25 = (74.78, 81.22)

4. p-value = 0.15, α = 0.05


a) Decision: Fail to reject the null hypothesis.

b) Implication: There is insufficient evidence to support the alternative; any effect may be
due to chance.
🔍 Section B: Medium

5. Gym Weight Loss Claim


a) H₀: μ = 4.5 (No improvement)

H₁: μ > 4.5 (Improved weight loss)

b) One-tailed test, because we're only interested in whether the new plan is better.

6. Internet Access Change


H₀: p = 0.70, H₁: p ≠ 0.70

n = 150, p̂ = 0.66, α = 0.05, z ≈ -1.08 → Fail to reject H₀

7. 95% Confidence Interval (₹620, SD = ₹60, n = 121)


SE = 60 / sqrt(121) = 5.45

CI = 620 ± 1.96 × 5.45 = (609.31, 630.69)

8. p-value = 0.012, α = 0.05


a) Decision: Reject the null hypothesis.

b) Interpretation: Strong evidence against H₀; the result is statistically significant.

🚀 Section C: Hard

9. Online Classes Effect


Mean = 70.5, n = 36, SD = 5, α = 0.01, z ≈ 3.00 → Reject H₀

Assumptions: Random sample, Normal distribution or n ≥ 30

10. App Improves Focus


Mean = 19.2, n = 25, SD = 2.5, α = 0.05, t ≈ 2.4 > t_critical → Reject H₀

11. Misinterpreting Confidence Interval


a) Wrong: "Includes 0 → effect is zero" is incorrect.

b) Correct: We can't confidently say there's a real effect if CI includes 0.

12. Own Hypothesis Example


a) Question: Does a new math course improve scores?

b) H₀: μ = 70, H₁: μ > 70

c) Data: 40 students, measure post-test, use one-sample t-test.


d) Outcomes: Reject H₀ = course improves scores; Fail to reject = no strong evidence

13. Challenge: α = 0.001 in Medical Study


a) Why? To minimize false positives (Type I error).

b) Downside: Increases Type II error risk – may miss real effects.

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