Perdev reviewer
Sources of Stress and Its Effects
KINDS OF STRESS
ACUTE STRESS - Acute stress disorder is an intense, unpleasant, and dysfunctional reaction beginning
shortly after an overwhelming traumatic event and lasting less than a month.
EPISODIC ACUTE STRESS - Episodic acute stress is when a person experiences acute stress
frequently.
CHRONIC STRESS - Chronic stress is long-term stress that goes on for weeks or
months.
(stressor)
Maintaining school grades
(negative stress)
Exhausted I feel exhauted, as l am sometimes overworked and force myself to do everything at once
because I fear getting low grades.
(acute stress)
Cause: I feel pressured and scared to get low grade, which may affects my future. I forget to rest and manage my
time for school works.
(positive stress)
Motivation and productivity I feel more productive and motivated to study after completing my homework.
Coping techniques
Signs of stress:
Physical: constant fatigue, increased complaints of pain and ache
Cognitive: lack of focus, forgetfulness
Emotional or behavioral: change in eating and sleeping habits withdrawing from usual activities and
people
Long-Term Effects of Stress: In most cases, the signs of stress mentioned may already be an effect of
the stress. If the source of stress is constant, it will affect your physical and mental health.
Coping strategies:
Manage your time
Talk it out
Laugh
Rest
Move
Be positive
Meditate
The Brain and Brain Dominance and Mind Mapping 1
The human brain:
The brain has always been a fascinating body part. It is a delicate, gel-like organ that is considered as the
most powerful part of the human body.
The study of the brain made it easier for people to understand how it connects bodily functions together
and how it affects your cognitive abilities and behavior.
The parts of the brian
Forebrain: This is considered the biggest part of the brain. It mostly consists of the cerebrum.
Midbrain: This part is found between the forebrain and the hindbrain. It is responsible for eye movement
and auditory information.
Hindbrain: This part is composed of the cerebellum, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The four lobes of the brain:
Frontal lobe:
This region is responsible for the higher-level thinking processes like problem solving, learning, and
organizing.
Pariental lobe:
This region integrates sensory data like touch, pain,
pressure, and temperature.
Temporal lobe:
This region's main function is to process auditory signals and information. It is an important component
in understanding language.
Occipital lobe:
This region processes visual information, including the detection and identification of colors, movement,
and other
visual stimuli.
The Left and Right Sides of the Brain
Left:
•Tiny bits of information are gathered and processed in a linear or lateral way.
•it easily understand symbol
•it applies logic in solving problems by integrating different bits of infromation.
•verbal thinking is dominant
Right:
•It organizes information as a whole and not in small pieces.
•It prefers concrete objects rather than symbols
•It makes use of intuition in problem solving.
•Visual thinking is dominant
A mind map is an illustration or diagram that makes use of ideas branching from a specific concept.
Used for mind maps
They can be used during a brainstorming session.
They can be used to simplify a difficult concept or process.
They are useful aids in note-taking or review sessions.
They are useful aids in coming up with decisions to problems.
They can be used in presenting information that illustrates the overall picture of the topic.
They are used to organize and consolidate relevant and interrelated information from different sources.
Lateralization of the Human Brain
•Lateralization refers to the differences of the left hemisphere and right hemisphere functioning.
•Cerebral dominance is a concept that stresses that one hemisphere plays a dominant position in
regulating intricate cognitive and behavioral processes.
Mind Mapping Strategies for Left-Brained People
Library Map
The main purpose of this type of map is to categorize, organize, and connect information from multiple
sources about a specific topic without losing vital information.
Brain Dominance and Mind Mapping 2 and Mind Mapping Strategies
Elements of Effective Mind Maps
Single words or phrases: Use short words or phrases that effectively convey a strong and clear
message that attracts readers.
Symbols, icons, and images: Visual presentations can make mind maps more eye-catching, thus
facilitating learning.
Colors: The use of different hues and shades can separate ideasincluded in the mind maps.
The right brian atmosphere
The right brain hemisphere organizes information as a whole and not in small pieces.
This hemisphere prefers concrete objects rather than symbols.
It makes use of intuition in problem-solving.
Visual thinking is dominant in this hemisphere.
Mind Mapping for the Right Hemisphere
Tunnel Timeline Map
•This mind map is designed to deliver a solution or outcome. The way to do this is to imagine (like a
picture) the expected outcome or success.
•Convergent thinking and divergent thinking are two thinking patterns introduced by Joy Paul Guilford.
•Convergent thinking: This thinking pattern relies heavily on facts and rationality. It is also known as
critical, analytical, vertical, or linear thinking.
•Divergent Thinking: This thinking pattern relies on imagination. It is also known as horizontal thinking.
Mnemonic Devices
Categorical Clustering This is the organization of a list of items into types.
Acrostic This is the creation of a sentence out of an acronym.
Interactive Images This involves using interactive images to link the words in a list.
Psychological Well-Being
Psychological well-being refers to the overall mental state of an individual, encompassing factors like
emotional stability, self-acceptance, personal growth, and a sense of purpose in life. It's about
more than just the absence of mental illness—it's about thriving, feeling connected to others, and having
a positive outlook on life. Key elements include self-esteem, autonomy, positive relationships, and
environmental mastery (the ability to manage one's surroundings and challenges). Achieving
psychological well-being is seen as a dynamic process, requiring self-reflection, resilience, and active
effort in building a healthy mental state.
Psychological Well-Being
Hedonic Well-Being: Happiness is about increasing pleasure and minimizing pain.
Eudaimonic Well-Being: Happiness is about finding your purpose in life.
Six facets or components of psychological well-being:
self-acceptance
positive relations with others
autonomy
environmental mastery
purpose in life
personal growth
Successful tip
According to Dr. Chinwé Williams, teenagers usually experience several life changes. Some of them may
have difficulty coping. Some approaches teenagers can use are acknowledging emotions, focusing on
values, reflecting on experiences, shifting perspectives during tough times, and being more
compassionate towards themselves.
Mental health check and dangers
The Risk Factors That Affect Mental Health
Peer Rejection
It happens when your perceived peers have declined or accepted you because
of your beliefs, behavior, attitude, physical features, or other characteristics. In some studies, peer
rejection may lead to loneliness, delinquency, and acts of violence or aggression.
BULLYING
bullying has two components(1) imbalance or power, and (2) repetition. Below are the kinds of bullying:
Verbal bullying - It involves using spoken or written words
Social bullying - It involves damaging or inflicting harm towards a person's social relationship or
reputation.
Physical bullying - It involves Inflicting physical pain or damaging possessions of a person.
Cyberbullying - It is the type of bullying that takes place on social networks.
Death of SomeoneClose to You
It can affect you in various psychological aspects.
Adverse Traumatic Events in Childhood
refer to verbal and physical abuse that you encountered during childhood.
Socioeconomic Factors
Financial difficulties, nutrition, education, and the ability to afford
treatment and medication
Signs of poor mental health:
personality changes
emotional changes
social withdrawal and isolation
lack of self-care
problem with sleep
risky behaviors
sense of hopelessness or feeling overwhelmed
prominent physical symptoms
decline in academic performance