Worksheet Chapter 4(MS)
dy 1
1. (a) = 2x − x 3 A1
dx 2
1
x 2 − x 2 = 0
2
x = 0, ±2
dy 9 25 25
= 0 at 0, , − 2, , 2, A1A1A1
dx 8 8 8
Note: Award A2 for all three x-values correct with errors/omissions in y-values.
3
(b) at x = 1, gradient of tangent = (A1)
2
Note: In the following, allow FT on incorrect gradient.
3 3 1
equation of tangent is y – 2 = (x – 1) y = x + (A1)
2 2 2
3
meets x-axis when y = 0, –2 = (x – 1) (M1)
2
1
x= −
3
1
coordinates of T are − , 0 A1
3
2
(c) gradient of normal = – (A1)
3
2 2 8
equation of normal is y – 2 = − ( x − 1) y = − x + (M1)
3 3 3
8
at x = 0, y = A1
3
Note: In the following, allow FT on incorrect coordinates of T and N.
13 52
lengths of PN = , PT = A1A1
9 9
1 13 52
area of triangle PTN = M1
2 9 9
13 676
= (or equivalent e.g. ) A1
9 18
[15]
1
2. (a) f ′(x) = 3x2 – 6x – 9 (= 0) (M1)
(x + 1)(x – 3) = 0
x = –1; x = 3
(max)(–1, 15); (min)(3, –17) A1A1
Note: The coordinates need not be explicitly stated but the values
need to be seen.
y = –8x + 7 A1 N2
(b) f″(x) = 6x – 6 = 0 inflexion (1, –1) A1
which lies on y = – 8x + 7 R1AG
[6]
3. (a) x2 + 5x + 4 = 0 x = –l or x = –4 (M1)
so vertical asymptotes are x = –1 and x = –4 A1
as x → ∞ then y → 1 so horizontal asymptote is y = 1 (M1)A1
(b) x2 – 5x + 4 = 0 x = 1 or x = 4 A1
x=0 y=1
so intercepts are (1, 0), (4, 0) and (0, 1)
( x 2 + 5 x + 4)(2 x − 5) − ( x 2 − 5 x + 4)(2 x + 5)
(c) (i) f′(x) = M1A1A1
( x 2 + 5 x + 4) 2
10 x 2 − 40 10( x − 2)( x + 2)
= = A1
( x + 5 x + 4)
2 ( x 2 + 5 x + 4) 2
2
f′(x) = 0 x = ±2 M1
1
so the points under consideration are (–2, –9) and 2,− A1A1
9
looking at the sign either side of the points (or attempt
to find f″(x)) M1
e.g. if x = –2– then (x – 2)(x + 2) > 0 and if x = –2+ then
(x – 2)(x + 2) < 0, therefore (–2, –9) is a maximum A1
(ii) e.g. if x = 2– then (x – 2)(x + 2) < 0 and if x = 2+ then
1
(x – 2)(x + 2) > 0, therefore 2,− is a minimum A1
9
Note: Candidates may find the minimum first.
2
(d)
A3
Note: Award A1 for each branch consistent with and including the
features found in previous parts.
(e) one A1
[20]
4.
A5
Note: Award A1 for origin
A1 for shape
A1 for maximum
A1 for each point of inflexion.
[5]
3
1 1 1
5. x2 + y2 = a2
1 1
1 − 1 − 2 dy
x 2 y + =0 M1
2 2 dx
1
dy 2 x y
=− =− A1
dx 1 x
2 y
1
dy a2
Note: Accept = 1 − 1 from making y the subject of the equation,
dx
x2
and all correct subsequent working
therefore the gradient at the point P is given by
dy q
=− A1
dx p
q
equation of tangent is y – q = − ( x − p) M1
p
q
(y = − x+q+ q p )
p
q p
x-intercept: y = 0, n = +p= q p+p A1
q
y-intercept: x = 0, m = q p +q A1
n+m= q p + p+ q p + p M1
= 2 q p + p+q
= ( p + q)2 A1
=a AG
[8]
6. let x = distance from observer to rocket
let h = the height of the rocket above the ground
METHOD 1
dh
= 300 when h = 800 A1
dt
1
x = h + 360000 = (h
2 2
+ 360000) 2 M1
dx h
= A1
dh h + 360000
2
when h = 800
dx dx dh
= M1
dt dh dt
300h
= A1
h 2 + 360000
= 240 (m s–1) A1
4
METHOD 2
h2 + 6002 = x2 M1
dx
2h = 2x A1
dh
dx h
=
dh x
800 4
= = A1
1000 5
dh
= 300 A1
dt
dx dx dh
= M1
dt dh dt
4
= × 300
5
= 240 (m s–1) A1
METHOD 3
x2 = 6002 + h2 M1
dx dh
2x = 2h A1A1
dt dt
when h = 800, x = 1000
dx 800 dh
= M1A1
dt 1000 dt
= 240 m s–1 A1
METHOD 4
1
Distance between the observer and the rocket = (600 2 + 800 2 ) 2 = 1000 M1A1
Component of the velocity in the line of sight = sin θ × 300
(where θ = angle of elevation) M1A1
800
sin θ = A1
1000
component = 240 (m s–1) A1
[6]
7. x3y3 – xy = 0
3x2y3 + 3x3y2y′ – y – xy′ = 0 M1A1A1
Note: Award A1 for correctly differentiating each term.
x = 1, y = 1 3 + 3y′ – 1 – y′ = 0
2y′ = –2
y′ = –1 (M1)A1
gradient of normal = 1 (A1)
equation of the normal y – 1 = x – 1 A1 N2
y=x
Note: Award A2R5 for correct answer and correct justification.
[7]
5
8. (a) Attempting implicit differentiation M1
dy dy
2x + y + x + 2y =0 A1
dx dx
EITHER
dy dy
Substituting x = −1, y = k eg − 2 + k − + 2k =0 M1
dx dx
dy
Attempting to make the subject M1
dx
OR
dy dy − (2 x + y )
Attempting to make the subject eg = M1
dx dx x + 2y
dy
Substituting x = −1, y = k into M1
dx
THEN
dy 2 − k
= A1 N1
dx 2 k − 1
dy
(b) Solving = 0 for k gives k = 2 A1
dx
[6]
9. (a) AQ = x 2 + 4 (km) (A1)
QY = (2 − x) (km) (A1)
T = 5 5 AQ + 5QY (M1)
= 5 5 (x 2
)
+ 4 + 5(2 − x ) (mins) A1
(b) Attempting to use the chain rule on 5 5 (x 2
+4 ) (M1)
(x ) ( )
1
d
+ 4 = 5 5 x 2 + 4
1 −
5 5 2 2 2x A1
dx 2
5 5x
=
x +4
2
d
(5(2 − x )) = − 5 A1
dx
dT 5 5x
= −5 AG N0
dx x2 + 4
6
(c) (i) 5 x = x 2 + 4 or equivalent A1
Squaring both sides and rearranging to
obtain 5x2 = x2 + 4 M1
x=1 A1 N1
Note: Do not award the final A1 for stating a negative solution
in final answer.
(ii) T = 5 5 1 + 4 + 5(2 − 1) M1
= 30 (mins) A1 N1
Note: Allow FT on incorrect x value.
(iii) METHOD 1
Attempting to use the quotient rule M1
( )
1
du dv −
u = x ,v = x 2 + 4 , =1 and = x x2 + 4 2 (A1)
dx dx
2
( )
1
1 2 −
2
d T x +4 − x +4 2 2x 2
= 5 5 2
( )
A1
dx 2
x2 + 4
Attempt to simplify (M1)
=
5 5
x 2
+ 4 − x 2 or equivalent A1
(x )
3
2
+4 2
20 5
= AG
(x )
3
2
+4 2
20 5
When x = 1, > 0 and hence T = 30
(x )
3
2
+4 2
is a minimum R1 N0
Note: Allow FT on incorrect x value, 0 x 2.
7
METHOD 2
Attempting to use the product rule M1
( )
1
du dv −
u = x , v = x2 + 4, =1 and = x x2 + 4 2 (A1)
dx dx
( ) ( )
1 3
d 2T − 5 5x 2 −
=5 5 x2 + 4 2 − x +4 2 2x A1
dx 2 2
5 5 5 5 x2
= − 3
( ) ( )
1
x2 + 4 x + 4 2
2
2
Attempt to simplify (M1)
=
(
5 5 x2 + 4 −5 5 x2 ) (
5 5 x2 + 4 − x2
=
) A1
(x ) ( )
3 3
2
+4 2
+
2
x 4 2
20 5
= AG
(x )
3
2
+4 2
20 5
When x = 1, > 0 and hence T = 30 is a
(x )
3
2
+4 2
minimum R1 N0
Note: Allow FT on incorrect x value, 0 x 2.
[18]
10.
−2
f′(x) = M1A1
(1 + x) 2
Note: Alternatively, award M1A1 for correct sketch of the derivative.
find at least one point of intersection of graphs (M1)
y = f(x) and y = f′(x) for x = 3 or 1.73 (A1)
y = f(x) and y = g (x) for x = 0 (A1)
forming inequality 0 ≤ x ≤ 3 (or 0 ≤ x ≤ 1.73) A1A1 N4
Note: Award A1 for correct limits and A1 for correct inequalities.
[7]
8
11.
9
10
12.
11
12