EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IoT UNIT 4
CS3691 Embedded Systems and IoT
1
Session 4.4
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IoT UNIT 4
UNIT 4
4.1 IoT Communication Models and APIs
4.2 IoT Communication Protocols – Bluetooth – WiFi –
4.3 ZigBee – GPS – GSM modules
4.4 Open Platform (like Raspberry Pi) – Architecture
4.5 Open Platform : Programming – Interfacing - Accessing GPIO
Pins
4.6 Sending and Receiving Signals UsingGPIO Pins
4.7 Connecting to the Cloud.
2
Session 4.4
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
• Introduction Topics to be Covered
• History
• Features
• Raspberry Pi - Models
• Technology
• Hardware
• Operating System and Programming
• Raspberry Pi OS Installation
• Applications
3
• Arduino vs Raspberry Pi
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Introduction
• The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer
• It can be plugged into the TV and a keyboard, and can be used for many of
the things that an average desktop does – spreadsheets, word-processing,
games and it also plays high-definition video
• Measures approximately 9 cm × 5.5 cm
Raspberry Pi – Animation: Raspberry Pi – Introduction:
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
History
• The Raspberry Pi is the work of the Raspberry Pi Foundation, a
charitable organization
• It is supported by the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory and
tech firm Broadcomm
• The Raspberry Pi is a fully featured micro-computer squashed onto a circuit
board measuring approximately 9 cm × 5.5 cm
5
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Features
• Ultra low-cost (Model– Rs. 1550/-, Model B– Rs. 2200/-)
• So cheap due to System on a Chip (SoC), a computer on a single low
voltage chip and Linux OS
• Ultra low-power ~ 1W
• Credit-card sized, fanless, instant start-up
• Complete easy-to-program computer
• Provide a fun environment for experimenting with
programming and electronics
• Inexpensive, simple, open and easy to maintain computer
6
• Fun computer for children to experiment with at home (E.g., robotics)
• Supports Full HD video output (1080p), Multiple USB ports, etc.
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IoT UNIT 4
Types of Rasperry Pi
Raspberry Pi 1 Model B (2012):
700 MHz single-core ARM11,
512MB RAM, 2 USB, Ethernet, HDMI.
Raspberry Pi 1 Model A (2013):
700 MHz single-core ARM11,
256MB RAM, 1 USB, no Ethernet.
Raspberry Pi Zero (2015):
1 GHz single-core ARM11,
512MB RAM, mini HDMI, micro USB.
Raspberry Pi 2 Model B (2015):
900 MHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A7,
1GB RAM, 4 USB, Ethernet.
Session 4.4
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IoT UNIT 4
Types of Rasperry Pi
• Raspberry Pi 3 Model B (2016):
• 1.2 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A53,
• 1GB RAM, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth.
• Raspberry Pi 3 Model B+ (2018):
• 1.4 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A53,
• 1GB RAM, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Gigabit Ethernet.
• Raspberry Pi 4 Model B (2019):
• 1.5 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A72,
• 1GB/2GB/4GB/8GB RAM, 2x USB 3.0, Gigabit Ethernet, dual HDMI.
• Raspberry Pi 5 (2023):
• 2.4 GHz quad-core ARM Cortex-A76,
• 4GB/8GB RAM, 2x USB 3.0, Gigabit Ethernet,
• dual 4K HDMI, PCI support.
Session 4.4
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IoT UNIT 4
Building Blocks of RPI
• Processor (CPU):
Most models use an ARM-based processor, typically from
Broadcom. The CPU handles the processing tasks and varies
in speed and number of cores depending on the model.
• RAM (Memory):
• The amount of RAM can range from 512MB to 8GB,
depending on the model, affecting how many processes
the device can handle simultaneously.
• GPIO (General-Purpose Input/Output) Pins:
These are physical pins that allow the Raspberry Pi to interact
with sensors, motors, LEDs, and other external hardware.
• Storage:
The Raspberry Pi uses a microSD card for storage, holding
the operating system and files. Some newer models (like
Raspberry Pi 4) support external USB storage.
9
Session 4.4
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IoT UNIT 4
Building Blocks of RPI
● Power Supply: The Pi is powered via a 5V micro USB or USB-C
adapter, depending on the model. It requires a steady power supply to
function properly.
● USB Ports: Most models come with multiple USB ports for
connecting peripherals like keyboards, mice, and external drives.
● HDMI or Display Port: The Pi has a video output interface (HDMI or
mini-HDMI) for connecting to monitors or TVs, which allows you to use
it as a desktop computer.
● Network Connectivity:
○ Ethernet Port: Some models come with an Ethernet port for
wired network connections.
○ Wi-Fi and Bluetooth: Newer models (e.g., Raspberry Pi 3 and 4)
come with built-in wireless communication capabilities.
● Audio Output: The Raspberry Pi includes a 3.5mm audio jack and
supports audio over HDMI for multimedia projects.
● Camera and Display Interfaces: Dedicated ports for connecting the
official Raspberry Pi camera module and touchscreens.
10
Session 4.4
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IoT UNIT 4
Introduction to Raspberry Pi Hardware
The MIPI DSI and CSI connectors on the Raspberry Pi are used for interfacing
with display and camera modules, respectively. These connectors follow the
MIPI (Mobile Industry Processor Interface) standards for high-speed
communication in mobile and embedded systems.
The PoE HAT connector on the Raspberry Pi is used to connect a Power over Ethernet (PoE) HAT (Hardware Attached on
Top), which allows the Raspberry Pi to receive both power and network data through a single Ethernet cable. This connector is
specifically designed for models like the Raspberry Pi 3B+ and 4B that support PoE functionality.
11
Session 4.4
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Operating System & Programming
Operating System
• Linux on a bootable SD card
✔ Fedora
✔ Raspbian
✔ Debian
✔ ArchLinux ARM
• The Raspberry Pi Foundation recommends the use of Raspbian, a Debian-
based Linux operating system
1
2
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Operating System & Programming
Programming
• By default, supports Python as the programming language
• Any language which will compile for ARMv6 can be used with the Raspberry
Pi
1
3
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi OS Installation
• Download NOOBS from
[Link]
1
4
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Raspberry Pi OS Installation
• Extract the zip file
• Copy these file to a formatted SD card
• Put in Raspberry Pi SD Card slot
• Follow the installation instructions
• Turn on the Raspberry Pi
• Select Raspbian OS and click on install
1
5
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Applications
• Can be used for making super computers
• Used in Medical Devices
• Solar Raspberry Pi Power Pack
• Voice-Activated Coffee Machine
• Raspberry Pi Dynamic Bike Headlight Prototype
• It can make old TV into a smart TV (Play Videos, 3D Games, Music, Browse
Internet and much more),etc.
1
6
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Advantages
• Raspberry Pi can act as Full HD 1080p Media Player
• It’s a Mini Computer which just cost Rs.2,350/-
• Monitor, Keyboard and Mouse can be connected to it to use it as a normal
computer
• Its Graphics capabilities is better than Apple products
1
7
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Disadvantages
• It does not have a Hard Disk associated with it for permanent storage of
files, we have to connect one externally or have to use SD card for the
purpose
• The RAM is a POP package on top of the SoC, so its not removable or
swappable
• There is no real time clock associated with the board. Adding an RTC is
expensive and it can be added using the GPIO pins
1
8
Architecture
RPI Architecture
Architecture - RPi
• Processor: Raspberry Pi uses Broadcom BCM2835 system on chip
which is an ARM processor and Video core Graphics Processing Unit
(GPU). It is the heart of the Raspberry Pi which controls the operations
of all the connected devices and handles all the required computations.
• HDMI: High Definition Multimedia Interface is used for transmitting
video or digital audio data to a computer monitor or to digital TV. This
HDMI port helps Raspberry Pi to connect its signals to any digital
device such as a monitor digital TV or display through an HDMI cable.
• GPIO ports: General Purpose Input Output ports are available on
Raspberry Pi which allows the user to interface various I/P devices.
• Audio output: An audio connector is available for connecting audio
output devices such as headphones and speakers.
Architecture - RPi
• USB ports: This is a common port available for various peripherals
such as a mouse, keyboard, or any other I/P device. With the help of a
USB port, the system can be expanded by connecting more
peripherals.
• SD card: The SD card slot is available on Raspberry Pi. An SD card
with an operating system installed is required for booting the device.
• Ethernet: The ethernet connector allows access to the wired network,
it is available only on the model B of Raspberry Pi.
• Power supply: A micro USB power connector is available onto which
a 5V power supply can be connected.
• Camera module: Camera Serial Interface (CSI) connects the
Broadcom processor to the Pi camera.
• Display: Display Serial Interface (DSI) is used for connecting LCD to
Raspberry Pi using 15 15-pin ribbon cables. DSI provides a high-
resolution display interface that is specifically used for sending video
data.
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Arduino vs Raspberry Pi
22
Real world Applications of RPI
[Link]
[Link]
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Summary
• Introduction
• History
• Features
• Raspberry Pi - Models
• Technology
• Hardware
• Operating System and Programming
• Raspberry Pi OS Installation
• Applications 2
5
• Arduino vs Raspberry Pi
Introduction to Raspberry Pi
Try Yourself
• Why is it called Raspberry Pi?
• How powerful is a Raspberry Pi?
• Can Raspberry Pi run in Windows?
• Does Raspberry Pi 4 need a fan?
• Which OS is better for Raspberry Pi?
2
6
EMBEDDED SYSTEMS AND IoT UNIT 4
Next Session…
3.5 Open Platform : Programming – Interfacing - Accessing
GPIO Pins
Session 4.4