ELECTRONICS – is a branch of
science and engineering that deals
with the study of the behavior and
manipulation of electrons and other
charged particles in various
materials and devices.
FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS
ELECTRIC CHARGE is the
fundamental property of matter
that enables the flow of
electricity.
ELECTRIC CURRENT is the flow
of electric charge through a
conductor. It is measured in
amperes (A).
VOLTAGE is the difference in
electrical potential between two
points in a circuit. It is the
driving force behind current flow
and is measured in volts (V).
RESISTANCE is the opposition to
the flow of electric current in a
material. It is measured in ohms
(Ω )
POWER is the rate at which work
is done or energy is transferred
in a circuit. It is measured in
watts (W).
CIRCUIT ELEMENTS are
components that make up an
electronic circuit, such as
resistors, capacitors, inductors,
diodes, transistors, and
integrated circuits.
OHM’S LAW states that the
current through a conductor
between two points is directly
proportional to the voltage
across the two points, and
inversely proportional to the
resistance between them.
KIRCHOFF’S LAWS are two
fundamental laws of circuit
analysis that govern the
behavior of electric circuit,
current law (KCL) voltage law
(KVL).
ELECTRONIC SIGNALS are
electrical or electromagnetic
signals that carry information or
data in electronic systems.
NETWORK is a connection of
two or more components or
devices that are linked
together to exchange
information, resources or
services.
TRANSFORMER is an
electronic device used in
producing desired voltage.
SEMICONDUCTORS a group
that are neither good
conductors nor good
insulators.
Electric drills and drill
bits are commonly
used in electronics
assembly and repair,
including the drilling
of holes in printed
circuit boards (PCBs)
and enclosures.
Soldering iron with a
power rating of 20 to
30 Watts and a tip
size between 1/8 inch
and ½ inch can be
used.
Desoldering pump is a
tool that assists in
removing liquid
solder. It works by
using a spring-loaded
vacuum pump and its
typically controlled by
a trigger mechanism.
CAPACITORS are passive
components that are used to
store electrical energy. It was
invented by Ewald Georg von
Kleist (October 1745).
Consist of two pieces of
conducting material (such as
metal) separated by a non-
conducting (insulating)
material called a dielectric.
DIODES is a two-terminal
electronic component that
allows current to flow in one
direction while blocking it in
the opposite direction.
Some diodes, such as light-
emitting diodes (LEDs).
TRANSISTORS is a
semiconductor device that
can amplify or switch
electronic signals.
Invented by William Shockley
which considered by many as
the father of transistor.
RESISTORS is an electronic
component that resist the flow
of electric current in a circuit.
There are two main types of
resistors: fixed resistors and
variable resistors.
FIXED RESISTORS have a
predetermined resistance
value and cannot be adjusted.
VARIABLE RESISTORS also
known as potentiometers or
rheostats, can be adjusted to
vary the resistance in a
circuit.
VOLTMETER is an instrument
used to measure the electrical
potential difference between
two points in an electrical
circuit to measure voltage.
Two types of voltmeters Analog
are based on a coil that moves
in a magnetic field, and Digital
use to digital processing to
display voltage.
AMMETER used to measure the
electrical current flowing
through a circuit.
GALVANOMETER is a type of
sensitive electromechanical
instrument used for detecting
and measuring small electrical
currents.
OHMMETER is an electrical
instrument used to measure the
electrical resistance of a circuit
element, such as a resistor
length of wire. The resistance is
measured in units of ohms (Ω).
OSCILLOSPE also known as an
o-scope, is a type of electronic
instrument used to measure and
display voltage signals overtime.