[323 Cambridge Assessment (International Education Syllabus Cambridge IGCSE™ Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 Use this syllabus for exams in 2025, 2026 and 2027, Exams are available in the June and November series. Exams are also available in the March series in India. hte Version 1 CamhbhridcaWhy choose Cambridge International? ‘Cambridge International prepares school students for life, helping them develop an informed curiosity and a lasting passion for learning. We are part of Cambridge University Press & Assessment, which is a department cof the University of Cambridge, (Our Cambridge Pathway gives students a clear path for educational success from age 5 to 19. Schools can shape the curriculum around how they want stucients to learn — with a wide range of subjacts and flexible ways: to offer them, It helps students discover new abilities and a wider world, and gives them the skis they need for le, so they can achieve at school, university and work (Our programmes ancl qualfications set the global standard for international education. They ave created by subject experts, rooted in academic rigour and reflect the latest educational research. They provide a strong platform for learners to progress trom one stage to the next, and are well supported by teaching and learning resources. Our mission is to provide educational benefit through provision of intemational programmes and qualifications {or school education and to be the world leader in this fleld. Together with schools, we develop Cambridge leamers who are confident, responsible, reflective, innovative and engaged - equipped for success in the modem world Every year, nearly a milion Cambridge students from 10000 schools in 160 countries prepare for their future with the Cambricige Pathway. School feedback: Feedback from: Christoph Guttentag, Dean of Undergraduate Admissions, Duke University, USA (Cambridge International is committed to providing exceptional quality In ine with this commitment, our quality management system for the provision of international qualifications and eclucation programmes: for stuclents aged 5 to 19s independently cettified as meeting the internationally recognised standard, 1S0 9007;2015. Learn more at [Link]/ISO9001 'We think the Cambridge curriculum is superb preparation for university” (© Cambridge University Press & Assessment September 2022 ‘Cambridge AssossinantIntornatonal Education s part ot Cambridge University Press & Assossment, Cambridge Unversity Pross & ‘Assessment is a ceparment ofthe University of Cambridge. (Cambridge University Poss & Assessment retains the copyright on alts publcations,Pogistored contre are permitanto copy ‘matoval from tis bookbt fr thor own intornal uso, However, we cannot give permision to cartes to photocopy ary material that I acknowledged toa thre party ven for interaluse wihin a cantContents Why choose Cambridge International? ............ 1 Why choose this syllabus? ......... 2 Syllabus overview Aims Content overview Assessment overview Assessment objectives 3 Subject content Biology Chemistry Physics 4 Details of the assessment Core assessment Extended assessment Practical assessment Language of measurement Apparatus, materials and reagents Safety in the laboratory Electrical symbols ‘Symbols and units for physical quantities Notes for use in qualitative analysis ‘The Periodic Table of Elements Mathematical requirements Presentation of data Conventions (@. signs, symbols, terminology and nomenclature) Command words 10 " 13 13 35 79 79 seega et 92 96 97 98 100 1015 What else you need to know ..... Before you start Making entries Accessibilty and equality After the exam How students and teachers can use the grades Grade descriptions Changes to this syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027 Important: Changes to this syllabus For information about changes to this syllabus for 2025, 2026 and 2027, go to page 106. 102 102 103, 104 105 105 105 108Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0854 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. 1 Why choose this syllabus? Key benefits ‘Cambridge IG0SE is the world’s most popular international qualification for 14 to 16 year olds, athiough it can be taken by students of other ages. Iti tried, tested and trusted, ico ‘Students can choose from 70 subjects in any combination — itis ‘taught by over 4500 schools in over 140 countries, (Our programmes balance a thorough knowledge and understanding of a subject and help to develop the skils, leamers need for their next steps in education or employment, ‘Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) develops a sot of transferable skils including handling data, practical problem-solving and applying the scientific method. Leamers develop relevant attitudes, such as concern {for accuracy and precision, objectivity, integrity, enquiry, initiative and inventiveness. They acquire the essential scientific skils required for progression to further studies or employment. (Our approach in Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) encourages leamers to be! confident, interested in learning about science, questioning ideas and using scientific language to ‘communicate their views and opinions responsible, working methodically and safely when working alone or collaboratively with others reflective, learning from their experiences and interested in scientific issues that affect the individual, the ‘community and the environment innovative, solving unfamiliar problems confidently and creatively ‘engaged, keen to develop scientific skits, curious about scientific principles and their application in the world School feedback: ‘The strength of Cambridge IGCSE qualifications is internationally recognised and has provided an international pathway for our students to continue their studies around the world.’ Feedback from: Gary Tan, Head of Schools and CEO, Raffles International Group of Schools, IndonesiaCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Why choose this syllabus? International recognition and acceptance (Our expertise in curriculum, teaching and learning, and assessment is the basis for the recognition of our programmes and qualifications around the world. The combination of knowledge and skils in Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) gives learners a solid foundation for further study. Candidates who achieve grades A‘A' to CC are well prepared to follow a wide range of courses including Cambridge Intemational AS & A Level sciences. (Cambridge IGCSEs are accepted and valued by leading universities and employers around the workd as evidence of academic achievement. Many universities require a combination of Cambridge International AS & A Levels and Cambridge IGCSEs or equivalent to meet thelr entry requirements. UK NARIC’, the national agency in the UK for the recognition and comparison of international qualifications and skills, has cartied out an independent benchmarking study of Cambridge IGCSE and found it to be comparable to the standard of the GCSE in the UX. This means students can be confident that their Cambridge IGCSE qualfications are accepted as equivalent to UK GCSEs by leading universities worldwide, * Due tothe Utes Kingdom leaving the European Union, the UK NARIC national recognition agency function wa reitled as UK ENIC (on 1 March 2021, operated and managed by Eects Limited. From 1 Marea 2021, ternational bonchmarkng ndings are pustshed Under tne Eoatis name. Learn more at [Link]/recognition ‘School feedback: ‘Cambridge IGCSE is one of the most sought-after and recognised qualifications in the world. It is very popular in Egypt because it provides the perfect preparation for success at advanced level programmes,’ Feedback from: Managing Director of British School of Egypt BSECambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0854 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Why choose this syllabus? Supporting teachers We provide a wide range of resources, detailed guidance, innovative training and professional development so that you can give your students the best possible preparation for Cambridge IGCSE. To find out which resources are available for each syllabus go to our School Support Hub. The School Support Hub Is our secure online site for Cambridge teachers where you can find the resources you need to deliver our programmes. You can also keop up to date with your subject and the global Cambridge ‘community through our online discussion forums. 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Find out more at: [Link]/eoguideCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0854 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. 2 Syllabus overview Aims The aims describe the purposes of a course based on this syilabus. ‘You can deliver some of the aims using suitable local, international or historical examples and applications, or through collaborative experimental work. ‘The aims are to enable students to: © acquire scientific knowledge and understanding of scientific theories and practice * develop a range of experimental skils, including handling variables and working safely * use scientific data and evidence to solve problems and discuss the limitations of scientific methods * communicate effectively and clearly, using scientific terminology, notation and conventions ‘+ understand that the application of scientifc knowledge can benefit people and the environment ‘+ enjoy science and develop an informed interest in scientific matters which support further study, Cambridge Assessment International Education is an education organisation and poltically @ neutral. The contents ofthis syllabus, examination papors and associated materials do not endorse any politcal view. We endeavour to treat all aspects of the exam process neutrallyCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Content overview Sylabus ovorviow The subject content is divided into three sections: Biology (@1-B19), Chemistry (C1~C12) and Physics (P1-PS} Candidates must study all three sections. Biology 81 Characteristics of lving organisms. c 22 Cells c2 23 Movement into and out of cals ce 84 Biological molecules ca 25 Enaymes os B6 Plant nutrition ce 27 Human nutrition or 28 Transport in plants ca 29 Transport in animals oo B10 Diseases and immu cio B11 Gas exchange in humans cn 812. Respiration cre 213 Coordination and response B14 Drugs B15 Reproduction B18 Inheritance 817 _Vaviation and selection 818 Organisms and their environment 219 Human infuences on ecosystems Physics P1 Motion, forces and energy P2 Thermal physics PS Waves P4 — Electricity and magnetism P5 Nuclear physics P6 Space physics Chemistry States of matter ‘Atoms, elements and compounds Stoichiometry Electrochemistry Chemical energetics Chemical reactions ‘Acids, bases and salts ‘The Periodic Table Metals Chemistry of the environment Organic chemistry Experimental techniques and chemical analysisCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0854 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Assessment overview Al candidates take three papers. Syllabus ovorviow Candidates who have studied the Core sylaious content, or who are expected to achieve a gracle DD or below, should be entered for Paper 1, Paper 3 and either Paper 6 or Paper 6. These candidates will be eligible for grades CC to GG. Candidates who have studied the Extencled syllabus content (Core and Supplement), and who are expected lo achieve a grade CC or above, should be entered for Paper 2, Paper 4 and either Paper 5 or Paper 6, These candidates willbe eligible for grades AA" to GG. Core assessment ‘Gore candidates take Paper 1 and Paper 3, The questions are based on the Core subject content only: Paper 1: Multiple Choice (Core) 45 minutes. 40 marks 40 four-option multiple-choice questions Externally assossod 20% Paper 3: Theory (Core) 2hours 120 marks 50% Short-answer and structured questions nally assessed Extended assessment Extended candidates take Paper 2 and Paper 4, The questions are based on the Core and Supplement subject content: Paper 2: Multiple Choice (Extended) Paper 4: Theory (Extended) 45 minutes 2hours 49 marks 20% 120 marks. 50% 40 four-option multiple-choice questions Short-answer and structured questions Externally assessed Externally assessed Practical assessment All candidates take one practical paper from a choice of two: Paper 5: Practical Test Paper 6: Alternative to Practical 2 hours + hour 30 minutes. 60 marks 20% 60 marks. 20% ‘Questions will be based on the experimental oR skills in section 4 Extetnally assessed Questions will be based on the experimental skill in section 4 Externally assessed Information on availabilty is in the Before you start sectionCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Sylabus ovorviow Assessment objectives The assessment objectives (AOs) are: ‘AOI Knowledge with understanding Candidates should be able to demonstrate knowledge and understanding of + scientifc phenomena, facts, laws, definitions, concepts and theories * scientific vocabulary, terminology and conventions jincluding symbols, quantities and units) + scientific instruments and apparatus, including techniques of operation and aspects of safety + scientife and technological applications with their social, economie and environmental implications, ‘Subject content defines the factual material that candidates may be required to recall and explain. unfamiliar contexts and Candidates will also be asked questions which require them to apply this material apoly knowledge from one area of the syllabus to another. ‘AO2 Handling information and problem-solving Candidates should be abl, in words or using other written forms of presentation (ie. symbolic, graphical and numerical, to + locate, select, organise and present information rom a variety of sources + transiate information trom one form to another + manipulate numerical and other data * uso information to identity pattomns, report trends and form conclusions + present reasoned explanations for phenomena, patterns and relationships + make predictions based on relationships and patterns + solve problems, including some of a quantitative nature. Questions testing these skills may be based on information that is unfamiliar to candidates, requiring them to apoly the principles and concepts from the syllabus to a new situation, in a logical, deductive way. AOS Experimental skills and investigations. Candidates should be able to + domonstrate knowledge of how to solact and safely use techniques, apparatus and materials (including following a sequence of instructions where appropriate) + plan experiments and investigations * make and record observations, measurements and estimates * interpret and evaluate experimental observations and data + evaluate methods and suggest possible improvements.Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0854 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Sylabus ovorviow Weighting for assessment objectives ‘The approximate weightings allocated to each of the assessment objectives (AOs) are summarised below. Assessment objectives as a percentage of the qualification Assessment objective Weighting in IGCSE % ‘AO1 Knowledge with understanding 50 ‘AO2 Handling information and problem-solving 30 ‘AO3 Experimental skills and investigations. 20 Total 400 Assessment objectives as a percentage of each component Assessment objective Weighting in components % Papers1and2 PapersSand4 Papers Sand6 ‘AO1 Knowledge with understanding 63 63 ° ‘AO2 Handling information and problem-solving ar a ° ‘AO3 Experimental skills and investigations 0 0 400 Total 100 100 100Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sc’ences (Double Award) 0854 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. 3 Subject content This syllabus gives you the flexibilty to design a course that will interest, challenge and engage your leamers. Where appropriate you are responsible for selecting resources and examples to support your learners’ study. These should be appropriate for the leamers’ age, cultural background and learning context as well as ‘complying with your school policies andi local legal requirements, Al candiciates should be taught the Core subject content. Candidates who are only taught the Core subject content can achieve a maximum of grade CC. Candidates aiming for grades A’AT to CC should be taught the Extended subject content. The Extended subject content includes both the Gore and the Supplement. Scientific subjects are, by their nature, experimental. Learners should pursue a fully integrated course which allows them to develop their experimental skits by doing practical work and investigations Practical work helps studionts to: * Use equipment and materials accurately and safely * develop observational and problem-solving skils * develop a deeper understanding of the syllabus topics and the scientific approach * appreciate how scientific theories are developed and tested + transfer the experimental skills acquired to unfamiliar contexts * develop positive scientific attitucles such as objectivity, integrity, cooperation, enquiry and inventiveness * develop an interest and enjoyment in science. Biology B1 Characteristics of living organisms B11 Characteristics of li ing organisms Core Supplement Describe the characteristics of ving organisms by defining: (a). movement as an action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position ar place (b) respiration as the chemical reactions in cals that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism (6) sensitivity as the abilty to detect and respond to changes in the internal or external environment (@)_ growth as a permanent increase in size and dry mass (@) reproduction as the processes that make more of the same kind of organism (excretion as the removal of wa: products of metabolism and substances in oxcoss of requirementsCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. B2 Cells B24 Cell structure Core ‘Supplement 1 Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, ited to: cell wall, cell membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, ribosomes, mitochondria, vacuoles 2 Describe the structure of a bactorial cell imited to: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, circular DNA, plasmids 3 Identify the call structures listed in 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 in diagrams and images of plant, animal and bacterial cols 4 Describe the functions of the structures listed in 241 and 2.1.2 in plant, animal and bacterial cols 5 State that new cells are produced by division of existing cells 6 State that specialised cells have specific functions, limited to: (@) ciliated cells movement of mucus in the trachea and bronchi (b) root hair cells — absorption (c) palisacie mesophyll cells - photosynthesis, (@) neurones ~ conduction of electrical impulses (@) red blood cells - transport of oxygen (sperm and egg cells (gametes) — reproduction’ 7 Describe the meaning of the terms: cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism as llustrated by examples given in the syllabus B2.2 Size of specimens Core ‘Supplement 1 State and use the formula: image size magnification = Sctyal size Subjact content 2 Calculate magnification and size of biological © 3 ~——Convert measurements between millimetres specimens using milimetres as units (mm) and micrometres (ur)B3 B34 Core B3.2 Core B3.3 Core Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Movement into and out of cells Diffusion Desoribe diffusion as the net movement of particles from a region of their higher concentration to a region oftheir lower concentration je. down a concentration gradient, as a result of their random movement State that some substances move into and out of cells by diffusion through the coll membrane Describe the importance of diftusion of gases and solutes in ving organisms Osmosis State that water diffuses through partially permeable membranes by osmosis State that water moves into and aut of cells bby osmosis through the cell membrane Investigate and describe the effects on plant ‘tissues of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations Active transport Describe active transport as the movement of particles through a cell membrane from a rogion of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration (Le. against a concentration gradient), using energy from respiration Subjact content Supplement 4 Investigate the factors that influence diffusion, limited to: surface area, temperature, concentration gradient and distance ‘Supplement 4 Describe osmosis as the net movement of water molecules from a region of higher ‘water potential (dilute solution) to a region of lower water potential (concentrated solution), through a partially permeable membrane 5 Explain the effects on plant colls of immersing them in solutions of different concentrations by using the terms: turgid, turgor pressure, plasmolysis, flaccid 6 Explain the importance of water potential and ‘osmosis in the uptake and loss of water by organisms. ‘Supplement 2 Explain the importance of active transport as a process for movement of molecules or ions across membranes, including ion uptake by root hairs.Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content B4 Biological molecules Supplement 1 List the chemical elements that make up: carbohydrates, fats and proteins 2 State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, limited to: {@) starch, glycogen and cellulose from glucose (b) proteins from amino acids (6) fats and oils from fatty acids and glycerol 3 Describe the use of {@) iodine solution test for starch (&) Benedict's solution test for reducing sugars (c) biuret test for proteins. (@) ethanol emulsion test for fats and oils, B5 Enzymes B51 Enzymes Core ‘Supplement 1 Describe enzymes as proteins that aro involved in all metabolic reactions, where they function as biological catalysts 3 Descrive and explain enzyme action with reference to: the active site enzyme-substrate complex, substrate and product 4 Describe and explain the specificity of enzymes in terms of the complementary shape and fit of the active site with the substrate 2 Investigate and describe the effect of 5 Explain the effect of changes in temperature, changes in temperature and pH on enzyme on enzyme activity in terms of kinetic energy, activity shape and fit, frequency of effective collisions and denaturation 6 Explain the effect of changes in pH on enzyme activity in terms of shape and fit and denaturation3 B6.2 Core Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Plant nutrition Desoribe photosynthesis as the process by which plants synthesise carbohydrates from raw materials using energy from light State the word equation for photosynthes's as: carbon dioxide + water —> glucose + oxygen in the presence of ight and chlorophyll State that chlorophyll is a green pigment that is found in chloroplasts Investigate and understand the need for chlorophyll, ight and carbon dioxide for Photosynthesis Leaf structure State that most leaves have a large surface area and are thin, and explain how these features are adaptations for photosynthesis Identity in diagrams and images the following structures in the leaf of a dicotyledonous plant: chloroplasts, cuticle, guard cells and stomata, upper and lower epidermis, palsade mesophyll, spongy mesophyll, air spaces, vascular bundles, xylem and phloem Subjact content Supplement 5 State the balanced symbol equation for photosynthesis as: CO, + GH,O > C,H,,0, + 60, 6 State that chlorophyll transfers energy trom light into energy in chemicals, for the synthesis of carbohydrates 7 Outline the subsequent use and storage of the carbohydrates made in photosynthesis: (a) starch as an energy store (b) cellulose to build coll walls (6) glucose used in respiration to provide energy (@) sucrose for transport in the phloem (©) nectar 8 Explain the importance of {@) nitrate ions for making amino acids (b)_ magnesium ions for making chlorophyll 9 Understand and describe the effects of varying light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature on the rate of photosynthesis 10 Understand and describe the effect of light, and dark conditions on gas exchange in an aquatic plant using hnydrogencarbonate indicator solution attract insects for pollination ‘Supplement 3 Explain how the structures listed in 6.2.2 adapt leaves for photosynthesisCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. B7 Human nutrition B71 Diet Core Supplement 1 Describe what is meant by a balanced diet, 2 State the principal dietary sources and describe the importance of (@) carbohydrates (b) fats and oils (©) proteins (@) vitamins, limited to C and 0 (e) mineral ions, limited to calcium and iron (fibre (roughage) @ we State the causes of scurvy and rickets B7.2 Digestive system Core ‘Supplement 1 Identity in diagrams and images the main organs of the digestive system, limited to: {@) alimentary cana: mouth, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum and leur) and large intestine (colon, rectum and anus) (b) associated organs: salivary glands, panereas, liver and gall bladder 2 Describe the functions of the organs of the digestive systom listed in 7.2.1, in relation to: {@) ingestion - the taking of substances, {24g food and dink, into the body (b) digestion - the breakdown of food (6) absorption - the movement of nutrients from the intestines into the blood (@) assimilation ~ uptake and use of nutrients by cells (0) gestion — the removal of undigested food trom the body as faeces Subjact contentCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. B7 Human nutrition (continued) 87.3. Digestion Core 1 Describe physical digestion as the breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules 2 State that physical digestion increases ‘the surface area of food for the action of enzymes in chemical digestion 8 Describe chemical digestion as the breakciown of large insoluble molecules into small soluble molecules 4 State the role of chemical digestion in producing small soluble molecules that can be absorbed Subjact content Supplement 5 Describe the functions of enzymes as follows: {@)_ amylase breaks down starch to simple reducing sugars (b) proteases break down protein to amino acids (©) lipase breaks down fats and oils to fatty acids and glycerol 6 State where, in the digestive system, amylase, protease and lipase are secreted and where they act 7 Describe the functions of hydrochloric acie in gastric juice, lied to kiling harmful microorganisms in food and providing an acidic pH for optimum enzyme activity of proteases in the stomach 8 Explain that bile is an alkaline mixture that neutralises the acidic mixture of food and gastric juices entering the duodenum from the stomach, to provide a suitable pH for ‘enzyme action in the small intestine 2 Outline the role of bile in emulsifying fats and Oils to increase the surface area for chemical digestionBS Bat Core Ba.2 Core B83 Core Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content Transport in plants Xylem and phloem Supplement State the functions of xylem and phloem: (@)_ xylem — transport of water and mineral ions, and support (b) phloem — transport of sucrose and amino acids Identify in diagrams and images the position of xylem and phloom as seen in sections of roots, stoms and leaves of non-woody dicotyledonous plants Water uptake ‘Supplement Identity in diagrams and images root hair cells and state their functions State that the large surface area of root hairs increases the uptake of water and mineral ions Outline the pathway taken by water through root, stom and leaf as: rect hair cells, root cortex cells, xylem, mesophyll cells Transpiration ‘Supplement Desoribe transpiration as the loss of water vapour from leaves State that water evaporates trom the surfaces of the mesophyll cells into the air spaces and then diffuses out of the leaves through the stomata as water vapour Investigate and describe the effects of 4 Explain the effects on the rate of transpiration variation of temperature and wind speed on of varying the following: temperature, wind ‘transpiration rate speed and humicity 5 Explain how and why witing occursBS B84 Core BO Bea Core 1 B9.2 Core Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Transport in plants (continued) Translocation Subjact content Supplement 1 Describe translocation as the movement of sucrose and amino acids in phloem from sources to sinks 2 Describe: (a) sources as the parts of plants thal release sucrose or amino acids (b) sinks as the parts of plants that use or store sucrose or amino acids Transport in animals Circulatory systems ‘Supplement Desoribe the circulatory system as a system of blood vessels with a pump and valves to ensure one-way flow of blood 2 Desotive the single circulation of a ish 8 Describe the double circulation of a mammal 4 Explain the advantages of a double circulation Heart Supplement Identify in diagrams and images the structures of the mammalian heart, limited ‘to: muscular wall, septum, lett andl right ventricles, left and right alia, one-way valves and coronary arterios 7 Describe the functioning of the heart in terms State that blood is pumped away trom the heart in arteries and returns to the heart in veins State that the activity of the heart may be monitored by: ECG (electrocardiograr, pulse rate and listening to sounds of valves closing Investigate and describe the effect of physical — 8 activity on the heart rate Describe coronary heart disease in terms of the blockage of coronary arteries and state the possible risk factors including: diet, lack of exercise, stress, smoking, genetic predisposition, age and sex Discuss the roles of diet and exercise in of the contraction of muscles of the atria and ventricles and the action of the valves Explain the effect of physical activity on the heart rateCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. B9 Transport in animals (continued) B9.3 Blood vessels. Core 1 Describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries, limited to: relative thickness of wall, diameter of the lumen and the presence of valves in veins 2 State the functions of capillaries B94 Blood Core 1 List the components of blood as: red blood calls, white blood cells, platelets and plasma 2 Identity red and white blood cells in photomicrographs and diagrams 3 State the functions of the following components of blood: {@) red blood cells in transporting oxygen, including the role of haemoglobin (b) white blood cells in phagocytosis and antibody production (©) platelets in clotting (details are not required) (@) plasma in the transport of blood cells, jons, nutrionts, urea, hormones and, carbon dioxide Subjact content Supplement 3 Explain how the structure of arteries and veins is rolated to the pressure of the blood that they transport 4 Explain how the structure of capillaries is related to their functions 5 Identify in diagrams and images the main blood vessels to and from the: (@) heart, limited to: vena cava, a0 pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein (b) lungs, limited to: pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein ‘Supplement 4 Identity lymphocytes and phagocytes in photomicrographs and diagrams 5 State the functions of: {@) lymphocytes — antibody production, (b) phagocytes - enguting pathogens by phagocytosis 6 State the roles of blood clotting as preventing blood loss and the entry of pathogensCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content B10 Diseases and immunity B10.1 Diseases and immur Core Supplement 1 Desoribe a pathogen as a disease-causing organism 2 Describe a transmissible disease as a disease In which the pathogen can be passed from one host to another 7 State the features of vituses, limited to a protein coat and genetic material 3 State that a pathogen is transmitted! (@) by cinect contact, including through blood and other body fluids (b) indirectly, including trom contaminated surfaces, food, animals and air 4 Describe the body defences against pathogens, limited to: skin, hairs in the nose, mucus, stomach acid and white blood cel’s 5 Explain the importance of the following in controling the spread of disease: (@) a clean water supply (b) hygienic food preparation (©) good personal hygiene (@) waste disposal (@) sewage treatment (details of the stages of sewage treatment are not required) 8 Describe active immunity as defence against a pathogen by antibody production in the body 2 State that each pathogen has its own antigens, which have specific shapes 10 Describe antibodies as proteins that bind to antigens leading to direct destruction of pathogons or marking of pathogens for destruction by phagocytes 11 State that specific antibodies have complementary shapes which fit specific antigens 12 Explain that active immunity is gained after an infection by a pathogen or by vaccination 13 Outline the process of vaccination: (@) weakened pathogens or their antigens are put into the body (b) the antigens stimulate an immune response by lymphocytes which produce antibodies (6) memory cells are produced that give long-term immunityCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content B10 Diseases and immunity (continued) B10.1 Diseases and immunity (continued) Core 6 State that vaccinations are available for some pathogens to help control the spread of disoasos B11 Gas exchange in humans B11 Gas exchange in humans Core 1 Identity in diagrams and images the following parts of the breathing system: lungs, diaphragm, ribs, intercostal muscles, larynx, ‘trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveol and associated capillaries 2 Investigate the differences in composition between inspired and expired air using Imewater as a test for carbon dioxide 3 Describe the differences in composition between inspired and expired al, limited to: oxygen, carbon dioxide and water vapour 4 Investigate and describe the effects of physical activity on the rate and depth of breathing B12 Respiration B12.1 Respiration Core 1 State the uses of energy in living organisms, including: muscle contraction, protein synthesis, cell division, growth, the passage of nerve impulses and the maintenance of a constant body temperature 2 Describe aerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that use oxygen to break down nutrient molecules to release energy State the word equation for aerobic respiration as: glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water Supplement 14 Explain the role of vaccination in controling the spread of diseases ‘Supplement 5 Describe the features of gas exchange surfaces in humans, limited to: large surface area, thin surface, good blood supply and good ventilation with air 6 Explain the cifferences in composition between inspired and expired air 7 Explain the link between physical activity and the rate and depth of breathing in terms of: an increased carbon dioxide concentration in the blood, which is detected by the brain, leading to an increased rate and greater depth of breathing ‘Supplement 4 State the balanced symbol equation for aerobic respiration as: OpHy,0 + 80, > 6CO, + HO 5 Describe anaerobic respiration as the chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules to release energy without using oxygenB12 Respiration (continued) B12.1 Respiration (cor Core B13 13.1 Coordination and response Core 1 3 Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. ued) Coort State that electrical impulses travel along neurones. Desoribe the mammalian nervous system in (@) the central nervous system (CNS) consisting of the brain and spinal cord (b) the peripheral nervous system (PNS) consisting of the nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord Describe the role of the nervous system as coordination and regulation of body functions Identify in diagrams and images sensory, relay and motor neurones Describe a simple reflex arc in terms of receptor, sensory neurone, relay neurone, motor neurone and effector ation and response Subjact content Supplement 6 State that anaerobic respiration releases much less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration, 7 State the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles during vigorous exercise as glucose —> lactic acid 8 State that lactic acid builds up in muscles and blood dluring vigorous exercise causing an oxygen debt 9 Outline how the oxygen debt is removed after exercise, limited to: {@) continuation of fast heart rate to transport lactic acid in the blood from the muscles to the liver (b) continuation of deeper and faster breathing to supply oxygen for asrobic. respiration of lactic acid (6) aerobic respiration of lactic acidlin the liver ‘SupplementB13 Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content Coordination and response (continued) n and response (continued) Supplement Describe a reflex action as a means of automatically and rapidly integrating and coordinating stimuli with the responses of effectors (muscles and glands) Describe sense organs as groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli: ight, sound, touch, temperature and chemicals B13.2Hormones Core 1 ‘Supplement Describe a hormone as a chemical substance, produced by a gland and carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs Identify in diagrams and images specifi 4 State that glucagon is secreted by the endocrine glands and state the hormones pancreas they secrete, limited to: (@) adrenal glands and adrenaline (0) pancreas and insulin (c) testes and testosterone (d) ovaries and oestrogen Describe adrenaline as the hormone secreted in ‘ight or fight’ situations and its effects, limited to: {@) increased breathing rate (b) increased heart rate (©) increased pupil diameterCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. Subjct contant B13 Coordination and response (continued) 813.3 Homeostasis Core ‘Supplement + Desctibe homeostasis as the maintenance of a constant intemal environment 2 Explain the concept of homeostatic control by negative feedback with reference to a set point 3 Desctive the control of blood glucose concentration by the er and the roles of insulin and glucagon 4° Identity in ciagrams and images ofthe skin hairs, hair erector muscles, sweat glands, receptors, sensory neurones, blood vessels and fatty tissue 5 Desorive the maintenance of a constant internal body temperature in mammals in terms of (2) insulation, sweating, shivering, the role of the brain (b) vasodilation and vasoconstiction of arterioles supplying skin surface cavilaries B14 Drugs B14: Drugs Core Supplement + Describe a drug as any substance taken into the body that modifies or affacts chemical reactions in the body 2 Describe the use of antibiotics for the ‘toatment of bacterial infections 3 State that some bacteria are resistant to 5 Explain how using antbities only when anibiotcs which reduces the effectiveness of essential can limit the development of antibiotics resi bacteria such as MRSA. 4 State that antibiotics kil bacteria but do not affect virusesCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. B15 Reproduction B15.1 Asexual reproduction Core 1 Desoribe asexual reproduction as a process resuting in the production of genetically identical offspring trom one parent 2 Identify examples of asexual reproduction in diagrams, images and information provided B15.2 Sexual reproduction Core 1 Desoribe sexual reproduction as a process involving the fusion of the nuclei of two gametes to form a zygote and the production of offspring that are genetically different from each other 2 Describe a spocies as a group of organisms hat can reproduce to produce fertile offspring B15.3 Sexual reproduction in plants Core 1 Identify in diagrams and images and draw the folowing paris of an insectpoliinated flower: sepals, petals, stamens, flaments, anthers, carpels, style, stigma, ovary and ovules 2 State the functions of the structures listed in 153.1 & Describe polation as the transfer of pollen grains from an anther to a stigma 4 State that fertiisation occurs when a pollen nucleus fuses with a nucleus in an ovule 5 Describe the structural adaptations of insect polinated and wind-polinated flowers 6 Investigate and describe the environmental conditions that affect germination of seeds, Iimited to the requirement for: water, oxygen and a suitable temperature Subjact content Supplement 3 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of asexual reproduction to a population of a species in the wile ‘Supplement 3 State that nuclei of gametes are haploid and, that the nucleus of a zygote is diploid 4 Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of sexual reproduction to a population of a species in the wile ‘Supplement 7 Identity in diagrams and images and describe the anthers and stigmas of a wind-polin flowerCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. B15 Reproduction (continued) B15.4 Sexual reproduct humans Core 1 Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the following parts of the male reproductive systam: testes, scrotum, sperm ducts, prostate gland, urethra and penis 2 Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the following parts of the female reproductive system: ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix and vagina 3 Describe fertiisation as the fusion of the huclei from a male gamete (sperm) and a fomale gamete (ogg cell 4 Describe the roles of testosterone and ‘estrogen in the development and regulation of secondary sexual characteristics during puberty 5 Describe the menstrual cycle in terms of changes in the ovaries and in the lining of the Uterus (knowledge of sex hormones is not required) B15.5 Sexually transmitted infections Core 1 Describe a sexually transmitted infection (ST) a an infection that is transmitted through sexual contact 2 State that human immunodeficieney virus (HIV) is a pathogen that causes an STI 3 State that HIV infection may lead to AIDS. 4 Describe the methods of transmission of HIV 5 Explain how the spread of STIs is controlled Subjact content Supplement 6 Explain the adaptive features of sperm, limited to: flagellum, mitochondria and the presence of enzymas in the acrosome 7 Explain the adaptive features of egg cells, limited to: energy stores and the jelly coat that changes at fertlisation 8 Compare male and female gametes in terms of: siz, structure, motifty and numbers ‘SupplementCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. B16 Inheritance B16.1 Chromosomes and genes Subjact content Core Supplement 1 State that chromosomes are made of DNA, which contains genetic information in the form of genas 2 Define a gene as a length of DNA that codes for a protein 3 Define an allele as an alternative form of a gene 4 Describe the inheritance of sex in humans with reference to XX and XY chromosomes B16.2Cell division Desoribe a haploid nucleus as a nucleus containing a single set of chromosomes Desoribe a diploid nucleus as a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes State that in a diploid col, there is a pair of each type of chromosome and in a human diploid cell there are 23 pairs Core ‘Supplement 1 Describe mitosis as nuclear division giving tise to genetically identical cells (details of the stages of mitosis are not required) State the role of mitosis in growth, repair of damaged tissues, replacement of cells and asexual reproduction State that the exact replication of chromosomes occurs before mitosis State that during mitosis, the copies of chromosomes separate, maintaining the chromosome number in each daughter cell State that meiosis is involved in tho production of gametes Describe meiosis as reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid resulting in genetically different cells (details of the stages of meios's are not required)Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. B16 Inheritance (continued) B16.3 Monohybrid inheritance Core Supplement 1 Describe inheritance as the transmission of genetic information from generation to generation 2 Describe genotype as the genetic make-up of an organism and in terms of the alleles present 3 Describe phenotype as the observable ‘features of an organism 4 Describe homozygous as having two identical alleles of a particular gene 5 State that two identical homozygous individuals that breed together will be pure- breeding 6 Describe heterozygous as having two different alleles of a particular gene 7 State that a heterozygous individual will not be pure-breeding 8 Describe a dominant allele as an allele that is expressed i itis present in the genotype 9 Describe a recessive allele as an allele that is only expressed when there is no dominant allo of the gone present in the genotype 10 Interpret pedigree diagrams for the inheritance of a given characteristic 11 Use genetic diagrams to prediot the results of monohybrid crosses and calculate phenotypic ratios, limited to 1:1 and 8:1 ratios 12 Use Punnett squares in crosses which result in more than one genotype to work out and show the possible different genotypes Subjact contentB17 B74 Core 1 Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Variation and selection Variation Describe variation as differences between individuals of the same species State that continuous variation results in a range of phenolypes between two extremes: ‘examples include body length State that discontinuous variation results ina limited number of phenotypes with no intermediates; examples include ABO blood groups Describe mutation as a genetic change State that mutation is the way in which new alleles are formed B17.2 Selection Core 1 Describe natural selection with reference to: (@)_gonetic variation within populations (6) production of many offspring (6) struggle for survival, including competition for resources (@) a greater chance of reproduction by individuals that are better adapted to the environment than others (@) these individuals passing on their alleles to the next generation Describe selective breeding with reference to: {@) selection by humans of individuals with desirable features (b) crossing these individuals to produce the next generation (©) sclection of offspring showing the desirable features Cutline how selective breeding by artificial solection is carried out over many generations ‘to improve crop plants ancl domesticated animals and apply this to given contexts Subjact content Supplement ‘Supplement 4 Descrine the development of strains of antibiotic-resistant bacteria as an example of natural selectionCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. B18 Organisms and their environment B18.1 Energy flow Core 1 State that the Sun is the principal souree of energy input to biological systems 2 Describe the flow of energy through living organisms, including light energy from the Sun and chemical energy in organisms, and its eventual transfer to the environment B18.2Food chains and food webs Core 1 Describe a food chain as showing the transfer of energy from one organism to the next, beginning with a producer 2 Construct and interpret simple food chains 3 Describe a food web as a network of Interconnected food chains and interpret food webs 4 Describe a producer as an organism that makes its own organi nutrients, usually using energy from sunlight, through photosynthesis 5 Describe a consumer as an organism that gets its energy by feeding on other organisms 6 State that consumers may be classed as primary, secondary and tertiary according to their posttion in a food chain 7 Describe a herbivore as an animal that gets its energy by eating plants 8 Describe a camivore as an animal that gets its energy by eating other animals 9 Describe a decomposer as an organism that gets its energy from dead or waste organic material 10 Use food chains and food webs to describe the impact humans have through overharvesting of food species and through introducing foreign species to a habitat 1" 12 13 Subjact content Supplement ‘Supplement Describe a trophic level as the position of an organism in a food chain and food web Identify the following as the trophic levels In food wobs and food chains: producers, primary consumers, secondary consumers, terllary consumers and quaternary consumers Explain why the transfer of energy from one trophic level to another is often not efficientCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content B18 Organisms and their environment (continued) B18.2Food chains and food webs (continued) Core Supplement 14 Explain, in terms of energy loss, why food chains usually have fewer than five trophic levels. 15 Explain why itis more energy efficient for humans to eat crop plants than to eat livestock that have been fed on crop plants B18.3Carbon cycle Core ‘Supplement 1 Describe the carbon cycle, ited to: photosynthesis, respiration, feeding, decomposition, formation of fossil fuels and combustion B19 Human influences on ecosystems B19.1 Habitat destruction Core ‘Supplement + Describe an ecosystem as a unit containing ‘tho community of organisms and the environment, interacting together 2 Describe biodiversity as the numbor of diffrent species that Ive in an area 3 Describe the reasons for habitat destruction, including (2) increased aroa for housing, crop plant production an vostock production (b) extraction of natural resources (©) freshwater and marine polition (a dtalod desertion of eutrophication is not required 4 State the undesirable ofects of deforestation 5 _—_ Explain the undesirable fects of as an oxample of habitat destruction, to deforestation as an example of habitat include: reducing biodiversity, extinction, destruction, to include: reducing biodiversity loss of soll, flooding and increase of carbon extinction, loss of soil, flooding and increase dioxide in the atmosphere of carbon dioxide in the atmosphereCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content B19 Human influences on ecosystems (continued) B19.2 Conservation Core Supplement 1 Explain why organisms become endangered or extinct, including: climate change, habitat destruction, hunting, overharvesting, pollution and introduced species 2 Describe how endangered species can be conserved, limited to: {@)_ monitoring and protecting spocies and habitats (b) education (©) captive breeding programmes (@) seed banks Chemistry C1 States of matter C11 Solids, liquids and gases Core ‘Supplement 1 State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases 2 Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of particle separation, arrangement and motion 3 Describe changes of state in terms of matting, 5 Explain changes of state in terms of kinetic bolling, evaporating, freezing and condensing particle theary, including the interpretation of heating and cooling curves 4 Describe the effects of temperature and 6 Explain, in terms of kinetic particle theory, the pressure on the volume of a gas effects of temperature and pressure on the volume of a gas C1.2. Diffusion Core ‘Supplement 1 Describe and explain diffusion in terms of kinetic particle theory 2 Describe and oxplain the ottect of rotativa molecular mass on the rate of diffusion of gasesCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. C2 Atoms, elements and compounds 2.1 Elements, compounds and mixtures Core 1 Describe the differences between elements, ‘compounds and mixtures €2.2 Atomic structure and the Periodic Table Core 1 Describe the structure of the atom as a central nucleus containing neutrons and protons, surrounded by electrons in shells 2 State the relative charges and relative masses of aproton, a neutron and an electron, 3 Define proton number/atomic number as the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom 4 Define mass number/nucloon number as the ‘otal number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom 5 Determine the electronic configuration of elements with proton number 1 to 20, 9.283 6 State that {@)_ Group Vill noble gases have a full outer shell (b) the number of outer-shall electrons is ‘equal to the group number in Groups Ito vil (c) the number of occupied electron shells is ‘equal to the period number €2.8 Isotopes Core 1 Define isotopes as different atoms of the same element that have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. 2 Interpret and use symbols for atoms, eg. "2C, andions, eg. 386" Subjact content Supplement ‘Supplement ‘Supplement & State that isotopes of the same lament have the same chemical properties because they have the same number of electrons and therefore the same electronic configurationCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content C2 Atoms, elements and compounds (continued) 2.4 Core 1 2.5 Core ons and ionic bonds Desoribe the formation of positive ions, known as cations, and negative ions, known as anions State that an ionic bond is a strong oloctrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions Describe the formation of ionic bonds between elements from Group | and Group Vil, including the use of dot-and-cross diagrams Desoribe the propertes of ionic compounds: {@)_ high metting points and boiling points () good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten and poor when solic (©) generally soluble in water Simple molecules and covalent bonds State that a covalent bond is formed when a pair of electrons is shared between two atoms leading to noble gas electronic configurations Describe the formation of covalent bonds in simple molecules, including H., Ci H,0, CH,, NH, and HCI, Use dot-and- cross diagrams to show the electronic configurations in these molecules Desoribe in terms of structure and bonding the properties of simple molecula compounds: {@) low metting points and boiling points (b) poor electrical conductivity Supplement 5 Descrite the formation of ionic bonds between ions of metalic and non-metallic elements, including the use of dotand-cross diagrams 6 Explain in terms of structure and boning the properties of ionic compounds: {@) high metting points and boling points (b) good electrical conductivity when aqueous or molten and poor when sold 7 Describe the giant lattice structure of ionic compounds as a regular arrangement of altemating positive and negative ions, exemplified by sodium chloride Supplement 4 Describe the formation of covalent bonds in simple molecules, including CH,OH, C-H, 0, GO, and N,, Use det-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic configurations in those molecules 5 Explain in terms of structure and bonding the properties of simple molecular compounds: (2) low melting points and boting points in torms of weak intermolecular forces {spect types of intermolecular forces are not required) (8) poor electrical conductivCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content C2 Atoms, elements and compounds (continued) c26 Core 1 27 Core Giant covalent structures Supplement Deseribe the giant covalent structures of graphite and diamond Relate the structures and bonding of graphite and diamond to their uses, limited to: (a) graphite as a lubricant and as an electrode (&) diamond in cutting tools Metallic bonding Supplement 1 Desotive metalic bonding as the electrostatic attraction between the postive ions in a giant metalic lattice and a ‘sea! of delocalised elections 2 Explain in terms of structure and bonding the properties of metals (a) good electrical conductivity (b) malieability Stoichiometry Formulas Supplement State the formulas of the elements anc Compounds named in the subject content Define the molecular formula of a compound as the number and type of atoms in one molecule Deduce the formula ofa simple molecular. «6G ~—_—Dedue the formula of anionic compound compound from the relative numbers of from the relative numbers ofthe ions presont atoms present in a model or a clagrammatic in a model ora diagrammatic representation representation or trom the charges on the ions Construct word equations to show how reactants form products Balance and interpret simple symbol 7 Construct symbol equations with state equations, inciding state symbols symbols, Including ionic equations 8 Deduce the symbol equation with state symbols for a chemical reaction, given relevant informationCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. C3 _ Stoichiometry (continued) €3.2 Relative masses of atoms and molecules Core 1 Deseribe relative atomic mass, A,, as the average mass of the isotopes of an element ‘compared to 1/12th of the mass of an atom of "0 2 Define relative molecular mass, M,, as the sum of the relative atomic masses. Relative formula mass, M,, will be used for ionic ‘compounds 3 Calculate reacting masses in simple proportions (calculations will not involve the mole concept) €3.3 The mole and the Avogadro constant 1 State that concentration can be measured in Subjact content Supplement ‘Supplement 2 State that the mote, mol isthe unit of amount of substance and that one mole contains 6.02 x 10° particles, €.g. atoms, ions, molecules; this number is the Avogadro constant 3 Use the relationship amount of substance (mo) mass (9) ~ molar mass (g/moh) fa) (b) mass (©) molar mass (9) relative atomic mass or relative molecular formula mass to caleulate: 4 Use the molar gas volume, taken as 24dm* at room temperature and pressure, r4.p, in calculations involving gases 5 Calculate stoichiomettic reacting masses, limiting reactants, volumes of gases at r.p. including conversion between em? and dm?Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Electrochemistry Electroly: Supplement Define electrolysis as the decomposition of an onic compound, when molten or in aqueous solution, by the passage of an electric current Subjact content Identify in simple electrolytic cells: (a) the anode as the positive electrode (b) the cathode as the negative electrode (©) the electrolyte as t substance that undergoes electrolysis Idontify the products formed at the electrodes and describe the observations made during the electrolysis of (a) molten lead) bromide (&) concentrated aqueous sodium chloride (©) dilute sutturic aciel Using inert electrodes made of platinum or carbon/ graphite ye molten or aqueous Describe the transfer of charge during olectrolysis: {@) the movement of electrons in the external circuit (b) the loss or gain of electrons at the electrodes (@) the movement of ions in the electrolyte Identify the products formed at the electrodes and describe the observations made during the electrolysis of aqueous copper(ll) sulfate Using carbon/ graphite electrodes and when using copper electrodes State that metals or hydrogen are formed at the cathode and that non-metals (other than hydrogen) are formed at the anode Predict the identity of the products at each electrode for the electrolysis of a binary compound in the molten state Construct ionic hal-equations for reactions at the cathode (showing gain of olactrons as a reduction reaction)Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. C4 Electrochemistry (continued) C4.2 Hydroger oxygen fuel cells Core 1 State that a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell uses. hydrogen and oxygen to produce electricity with water as the only chemical product C5 Chemical energetics €5.1. Exothermic and endothermic reactions Core 1 State that an exothermic reaction transfers ‘thermal energy to the surroundings leading to an increase in the temperature of the surroundings 2 State that an endothermic reaction takes in thermal energy from the surroundings leading toa decrease in the temperature of the surroundings Subjact content Supplement Describe the advantages and disadvantages of using hydrogen-oxygen fuel colls in compatison with gasoline/ petrol engines in vehicles ‘Supplement 3 Interpret reaction pathway diagrams showing exothermic and endothermic reactions 4 State that the transfer of thermal energy during a reaction is called the enthalpy change, AH, of the reaction, AH is negative for exothermic reactions and positive for endothermic reactions 5 Define activation energy, E,, a8 the minimum energy that colliding particles must have to react 6 Draw and label reaction pathway ciagrams for exothermic and endothermic reactions using information provided, to include (0) reactants (b) products (©) overall energy change of the reaction, AH (0) activation energy, E, 7 State that bond breaking is an endothermic process and bond making is an exothermic processcé cet Core 1 06.2 Core 6.3 Core Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. Chemical reactions Physical and chemical changes Identify physical and chemical changes, and understand the differences between them Rate of reaction Describe the effect on the rate of reaction of: (a) changing the concentration of solutions (©) changing the pressure of gases (©) changing the surface area of solids (@)_ changing the temperature (@) adding or removing a catalyst State that a catalyst increases the rate of a reaction and is unchanged at the end of a reaction Desoribe practical methods for investigating the rate of a reaction including change in mass of a reactant or product and the formation of a gas Interpret data, including graphs, from rate of reaction experiments. Redox Define redox reactions as involving simultaneous oxidation and reduction Define oxidation as gain of oxygen and reduction as loss of oxygen Subjact content Supplement ‘Supplement 5 Explain the effect on the rate of reaction of: {@) changing the concentration of solutions (b) changing the pressure of gases (©) changing the surface area of solids (@)_ changing the temperature (@) adding or removing a catalyst using collision theory State thal a catalyst decreases the activation energy, E,, of a reaction Describe colision theory in terms of (@)_ number of particles per unit volume (b) frequency of colisions between particles, (©) kinetic energy of particles (9) activation energy, E, ‘Supplement Define oxidation in terms ot {@) loss of electrons: ®) aninere in oxidation number (determination of oxidation numbers is not required) Define reduction in terms of (2) gain of electrons (b) a decrease in oxidation number (dotermination of oxidation numbers is not required)Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. C6 Chemical reactions (continued) 6.3 Redox (continued) Core Supplement 3 Identify redox reactions as reactions involving gain and loss of oxygen 4 Identity oxidation and reduction in redox reactions. (Oxidation number limited to its use to name ions, .g. ron(f1), iron(IID, copperll)) C7 Acids, bases and salts C71 The characteristic properties of acids and bases Core Supplement 1 Describe the characteristic properties of acids in terms of their reactions with: (@) metals (b) bases (6) carbonates 2 Describe acids in terms of their effect on the indicators: (@) litmus (6) methyl orange 3 State that bases are oxides or hydroxides of metals and that alkalis are soluble bases 4 Describe the characteristic properties of bases in terms of their reactions with acids Describe akals in terms of their effect on the Indicators: (@) litmus (b) methyl orange 6 Describe how to compare neutrality, relative acicity and relative akalinity in terms of colour anc pH using universal indicator 7 Describe the neutralisation reaction between an acie and an alkali to procuce a salt and water (the ionic equation for this reaction is ot required) Subjact contentCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. Subjct conta C7 Acids, bases and salts (continued) Supplement + Classify oxides as either acs, including SO, and CO,, or basic, inckading CuO and CaO, related to motalic and non-metalic charactor 2 Describe amphoteric oxides as oxides that react with acids and with bases to produce a salt and water 3 Classity Al 1, and ZnO as amphoteric oxides C78 Preparation of salts Core ‘Supplement 1 Describe the preparation, separation and putlication of soluble salts by reaction of an acid with (@)_ an alkali by titration (0) excess metal (©) oxcess insoluble base (@) excess insoluble carbonate (the general solubility rules for salts are not required) 2 Define @ hydrated substance as a substance ‘that is chemically combined with water and an anhydrous substance as a substance containing no water 3 Describe the preparation of insoluble salts by precipitation (the general solubilty rules for are not required) C8 The Periodic Table 8.1 Arrangement of elements Core ‘Supplement 1 Describe the Periodic Table as an arrangement of elements in periods and {groups and in order of increasing proton number /atomic number 2 Desoribe the change from metallic to non-metallic character across a period Explain similarities in the chemical properties of elements in the same group of the Periodic Table in terms of their electronic configuration 4 Identify trends in groups, given information about the elements,Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. C8 The Periodic Table (continued) €8.2 Group I properties Core 1 Describe the Group | alkali metals, Ithium, sodium and potassium, as relatively soft metals with general trends down the group, limited to: (@) decreasing melting point (b) increasing density (6) increasing reactivity with water €8.3 Group VIl properties Core 1 Describe the Group Vill halogens, chlorine, bromine and iodine, as diatomic non-metals with general trends down the group, limited (@) increasing density (b) decreasing reactivity 2 State the appearance of the halogens at room temperature and pressure, rip, as: (@) chlorine, a pale yellow-green gas (b) bromine, a red-brown liquid (©) lodine, a grey-black sold €8.4 Transition elements Core 1 Deseribe the transition elements as metals have high densities have high melting points form coloured compounds often act as catalysts as elements and in Subjact content Supplement 2 Predict the properties of other elements in Group |, glven information about the elements ‘Supplement 3 Descrie and explain the displacement reactions of halogens with other halide ions 4 Predict the properties of other elements in Group Vil, given information about the elements ‘Supplementce cas Core 1 co con Core 9.2 Core Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. The Periodic Table (continued) Noble gases Describe the Group Vill noble gases as unreactive, monatomic gases and explain this in terms of electronic configuration Metals Properties of metals Compare the general physical properties of metals and non-metals, including (a) thermal conductivity (b) electrical conductivity (0) malleaboilty anc ductiity (@)_ meting points and boiling points Describe the general chemical properties of metals, limited to thoir reactions with: (a) dilute acids (b) cold water and steam Uses of metals Desoribe the uses of metals in terms of their physical properties, including: {@)_ aluminium in the manufacture of aircraft because of its low density (b) aluminium in the manufacture of overhead electrical cables because of its low density and good electrical conductivity (6) aluminium in food containers because of ts resistance to corrosion (@) copper in electrical wiring because of Its good electrical conductivity Supplement ‘Supplement ‘Supplement Subjact contentCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. C9 Metals (continued) €9.3 Alloys and their properties Core 1 Desoribe alloys as mixtures of a metal with other elements, including: (a) brass as a mixture of copper and zine (b) stainless steel as a mixture of iron and other elements such as chromium, nickel and carbon 2 State that alloys can be harder and stronger ‘than the pure metals and are more useful 3 Describe the use of alloys in terms of their physical properties, including stainless stool in cutlory because of its hardness and resistance to rusting 4 Identity representations of alloys from diagrams of structure 9.4 Reactivity series Core 1 State the order ofthe reactivity series as: potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zine, iron, hydrogen copper, siver, gold 2 Describe the reactions, if any, of: (a) potassium, sodium and calcium with cold water (&) magnesium with steam (€) magnesium, zine, iron, copper, silver and gold with dilute hydrochloric acie and explain these reactions in terms of the position of the metals in the reactivity series 3 Deduce an order of reactivity from a given set of experimental results Subjact content Supplement 5 Explain in terms of structure how alloys can be harder and stronger than the pure metals. because the different sized atoms in alloys mean the layers can no longer slide over each other ‘Supplement 4 Descrie the relative reactivities of metals in terms of their tendency to form positive ions, by displacement reactions, it any, with the aqueous ions of magnesium, zine, iron, ‘copper andi silverCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. C9 Metals (continued) €9.5 Corrosion of metals Core 1 State the conditions required for the rusting of iron (presence of oxygen and water) 2 State some common barrier methods, including painting, greasing and coating with plastic 3 Describe how barrier methods prevent rusting by excluding oxygen and water 9.6 Extraction of metals Core 1 Describe the ease in obstaining metals from ‘their otes, related to the position of the metal in the reactivity series 2 State that iron from hematite is extracted by reduction of iron(III) oxide in the blast furnace State that main ore of aluminium is bauxite and that aluminium is extracted by electrolysis Subjact content Supplement 4 Deseribe the use of zinc in galvanising steel as an example of a barrier method and sacrificial protection 5 Explain sacrificial protection in terms of the reactivity series and in terms of electron loss ‘Supplement 4 Describe the extraction of iron from hematite in the blast furnace, Imited to: {@) the burning of cartoon (coke) to provide heat and produce carbon dioxide O40, 00, (b) the reduction of caton dioxide to carbon monoxide c+ CO, + 2c0 (6) the reduction of iron{{II) oxide by carbon monoxide Fe,0, + 300 > 2Fe + 300, (@) the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate/limestone to produce calcium oxide CaCO, + Cad + 00, (@) the formation of slag Cad + SiO, > Casio,Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. C10 Chemistry of the environment C10.1 Water Core Supplement 1 Describe chemical tests for the presence of water using anhydrous cobak{(I) chloride and anhydrous copper(ll) sutfate 2 Describe how to test for the purity of water using melting point and boiling point 3 State that cistiled water is used in practical chemistry rather than tap water because it contains fewer chemical impurities 4 Describe the treatment of the domestic water supply in terms of (a) sedimentation and fitration to remove solids (b) use of carbon to remove tastes and odours (©) chlorination to kil microbes (pathogens) 10.2Air quality and climate Core Supplement 1) State the composton of clean, cy air as approximately 78% nitrogen, N,, 21% oxygen, Op, and the remainder as a mixture of noble gases and carvon doxide, CO, 2 Stale the source of each of these ar pollens, tite to: (0) carbon dioxide rom the complete combustion of carbon-contining fuels 11) bon moncxie and particuats rom the incomplete combustion of carbon. containing tues (c) methane from the decomposition of vegetation and waste gases from digestion in annals (@) oxides of nitrogen from car engines (@) sulfur dioxide trom the combustion Of fossil fuels which contain sulfur ‘compounds Subjact contentc10 €10.2Air quality and climate (con! Core 3 Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Chemistry of the environment (continued) ued) Supplement State the adverse effect of these air pollutants, limited to: (@)_ carbon dioxide: higher levels of carbon dioxide leading to increased global warming, which leads to climate change (b) carbon monoxide: toxic gas (6) particulates: increased risk of respiratory problems and cancer (@) methane: highor lovels of methane leading to increased global warming, Subjact content which leads to climate change (@) oxides of nitrogen: acid rain and respiratory problems (9) sulfur dioxide: acid rain 4 State and explain strategies to reduce the effects of climate change: {@) planting trees (b) reduction in ivestock farming (6) decreasing use of fossil fuels (@) increasing use of hydrogen and renewable energy, e.g. wind, solar State and explain strategies to reduce the effects of acid rain: reducing emissions of sulfur dioxide by using low-sulfur fuels and flue gas desulfurisation with calcium oxide Describe how the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and methane cause global warming, limited to: (a) the absorption, reflection and emission of thermal energy (b) reducing thermal energy loss to space Explain how oxides of nitrogen form in car engines and describe their removal by catalytic converters, limited to: 260 + 2NO > 260, + NyCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. C11 Organic chemistry C111 Formulas and terminology Core 1 Draw and interpret the displayed formula of ‘a molecule to show all the atoms and all the bonds 2 State that a saturated compound has molecules in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds 3 State that an unsaturated compound has molecules in which one or more carbon-carbon bonds are not single bonds €11.2 Naming organic compounds Core 1 Name and draw the displayed formulas of (a) methane and ethane (b) ethene (©) ethanol 2 State the type of compound present, given a chemical name ending in -ane, -ene oF -0l, 0! from a molecular formula or displayed formula, Subjact content Supplement State that a homologous series is a family of similar compounds with similar chemical propertios Desoribe the general characteristics of a homologous seties as: {a)_having the same general formula (recall of specific general formulas is not required) (&) displaying a trend in physical properties Supplement Name and draw the structural formulas and displayed formulas of unbranched: (@) alkanes (b) alkenes, including but-t-ene and bbut-2-0ne (not cisvtrans) containing up to four carbon atoms per moleculeCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. C11 Organic chemistry (continued) 11.3 Fuels Core 1 Name the fossil fuels: coal, natural gas and petroleum 2 Name methane as the main constituent of natural gas 3 State that hyclrocarbons are compounds that contain hydrogen and carbon only 4 State that petroleum is a mixture of hydrocarbons 5 Describe the separation of petroleum into Useful fractions by fractional distilation 6 Name the uses of the fractions as: (@) refinery gas fraction for gas used in heating and cooking (©) gasoline / petrol fraction for fuel used in cars (6) naphtha fraction as a chemical feedstock (@) diesel oll / gas cil for fuel used in diesel engines (@) bitumen for making roads C11.4 Alkanes Core 1 State that the bonding in alkanes is single covalent and that alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons 2 Describe the properties of alkanes as being generally unreactive, except in terms of combustion Subjact content Supplement 7 Descrive how the properties of fractions obtained from petroleum change from the bottom to the top of the tractionating column, limited to: {@) decreasing chain longth (b) lower boiling points ‘SupplementCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. C11 Organic chemistry (continued) 1 State that the bonding in alkenes includes a double carbon-carbon covalent bond and ‘that alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons 2 Describe the test to distinguish between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons by ‘their reaction with aqueous bromine 3 Subjact content Supplement Describe the manufacture of alkenes and hydrogen by the cracking of larger alkane molecules using a high temperature and a catalyst 4 Describe the properties of alkenes in terms of addition reactions with: {@) bromine (b)_ hydrogen in the presence of a nickel catalyst (o) steam in the presence of an acid catalyst C11.6 Alcohols Core ‘Supplement 1 Describe the complete combustion of ethanol 2 State the uses of ethanol as: (a) a solvent (b) a fuel 11.7 Polymers Core ‘Supplement 1 Define polymers as large molecules built Up from many smalior molecules called monomers 2 Describe the formation of poly(ethene) as an example of addition polymerisation using ethene monomers 3 Identity the repeat units in addition polymers and in condensation polymers 4 Deduce the structure or repeat unit of an adcition polymer from a given alkene and vice versa 5 Describe the differences between addition andl condensation polymerisation 6 Describe and draw the structure of nylon, a polyamide: lt oopC12 Experimental techniques and chemical analysis Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. €12.1 Experimental design Core 1 Supplement Name appropriate apparatus for the measurement of time, temperature, mass and volume, including (a) stop-watches (0) thermometers (c) balances (@) burettes (@) volumetric pipettes (measuring cylinders (9) gas syringes Desoribe a: (a) solvent as a substance that dissolves a solute (b) solute as a substance that is dissolved in a solvent (6) solution as a mixture of one or more solutes dissolved in a solvent (@) saturated solution as a solution containing the maximum concentration of a solute dissolved in the solvent at a specified temperature (@) residue as a solid substance that remains after evaporation, distillation, filtration or any similar process (0. fitrate as a liquid or solution that has passed through a fier €12.2Acid-base titrations Core 1 ‘Supplement Describe an acid-base tivation to include the se of a (@) ourette () volumetric pipette (6) suitable incicator Desoribe how to identify the end-point of a tion using an indicator Subjact contentCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content C12 Experimental techniques and chemical analysis (continued) €12.8 Chromatography Core 1 Describe how paper chromatography is used ‘to soparate mixtures of solubsle coloured substances, using a suitable solve Interpret simple chromatograms to identty: {@)_ unknown substances by comparison with known substances (b) pure and impure substances €12.4 Separation and purification Core 1 Describe and explain methods of separation and putification using: (a) a suitable solvent (b) filtration (6) crystallisation (@) simple distilation (e) fractional aistilation ‘Suggest suitable separation and purification techniques, given information about the substances involved Identify substances and assess their purity from melting point and boiling point information ‘Supplement State and use the equation for R; distance travelled by substance distance travelled by solvent ‘SupplementCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2028, 2026 and 2027. C12 Experimental techniques and chemical analysis (continued) 612.5Identification of ions and gases Core 1 Describe tests to dently the anions: {@) carbonate, CO,” by reaction with cute acid and then testing for carbon dioxide ges (0) chloride, CI”, bromide, Br“, and iodide, T-, by acidifying with dilute nitric acid then adding aqueous siver nitrate (©) nitrate, NO," reduction with aluminium foil and aqueous sodium hydroxide and then testing for ammonia gas (@) sulfate, S0,*, by acidifying with dilute nitric acid and then adding aqueous barium nitrate 2 Describe tests using aqueous sodium hydroxide anc aqueous ammonia to identity the aqueous cations: {@)_ ammonium, NH, (0) calcium, Ca? (©) copperitty, Cut (@) ironitt), Fe® (@) iron(tIh, Fe®* tf) zine, Zn* (formulas of complox ions are net requirod) 3 Describe tests to identity the gases: {@) ammonia, NH, using damp red litmus paper (o) carbon dioxide, CO,, using lmewater (©) chlorine, Cl,, using damp Itmus paper (@) hydrogen, H,, using alighted splint (©) oxygen, ©,, using a glowing splint 4 Describe the use of a flame test to identily the (@) ithium, Lit (b) sodium, Nat (©) potassium, K” (@ copperill), Cu Supplement Subjact contentCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Physics P1 Motion, forces and energy Subjact content P1.1. Physical quantities and measurement techniques Core 1 Describe the use of rulers and measuring cylinders to find a length or a volume 2 Describe how to measure a variety of time intervals using clocks and digital timers 3 Determine an average value for a small distance and for a short interval of time by measuring multiples (including the period of oscillation of a pendulum) P1.2 Motion Core 1 Define speed as distance travelled par unit ‘time; recall and use the equation 2 Recall and use the equation total distance travelled total time taken average speed ne and 3 Sketch, plot and interpret distance: speed-time graphs. 4 Know that an object moving with increasing speed is accelerating, and that an object moving with decreasing speed is decelerating 5 Determine, qualitatively, rom the shape of a distance-time graph or speed-time graph when an object is: (a) atrest (©) moving with constant speed (©) accelerating (@) decelerating ‘Supplement 4 Undorstand that a scalar quantity has ‘magnitude (size) only and that a vector quantity has magnitude and direction 5 Know that the following quantities are scalars: distance, speed, time, mass, energy and temperature 6 Know that the following quantities are vectors: force, weight, velocity, acceleration and gravitational feld strength ‘Supplement & Define velocity as speed in a given direction 9 Define acceleration as change in velocty per unit time; recall and use the equation Av ant 10 Determine from given data or the shape of a speed-time graph when an object is moving with {@) constant acceleration (8) changing accelerationP41 P12 Core P13 Core P14 Core 3 Cambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Motion, forces and energy (continued) Motion (continued) Subjact content Supplement Calculate speed from the gradient of a 1" straight-line section of a cistance-time graph Caleulate the area under a speed-time graph to work out the distance travelled for motion with: (@) constant speed (b) constant acceleration Calculate acceleration from the gradient of a straight-line section of a speed-time graph 12 Know that deceleration i @ negative acceleration and use this in caleulatons 18 Know thatthe acceleration of oo fal g for an object near tothe surface ofthe Earths approximately constant and is approximately 98m/s* Mass and weight Supplement ‘State that mass is a measure of the quantity ofmattrin an objact Sate that weight the [Link] 4—_—Desrbe, and use the concebt of, weight as an object that has mass the tect ofa gravtatona fel on a mass Define gravitational el stength gas tre —-—«#S—_—Know tat graitationl fot! stenath is gradtatonal orc per unt mess; eval and equivalot to tho accolertion of te fal Use the equation Ww m and know that near tothe surface of he Earth gis approximately 8N/Kg Density Supplement Define donsity as mass per unit volume; recall and use the equation = a7 Describe how to determine the density of aliquid, of a regularly shaped solid and of an irregularly shaped solid which sinks in a liquid (volume by displacement), including appropriate calculations Determine whether an object foats or sinks based on density dataCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content P1 Motion, forces and energy (continued) P15 Forces P1.5.1 Effects of forces Core 1 Know that forces may produce changes in the size, shape and motion of an object 2 Determine the resultant of two or more forces acting along the same straight line 8 Describe friction as the force between two surfaces that may impede relative motion and produce heating 4 Know that friction (drag) acts on an objact moving through a liquia Know that friction (drag) acts on an abject moving through a gas (e.g. air resistance) 6 Know that an object either remains at rest or continues in a straight line at constant spac unless there is a resultant force on the object P1.5.2 Turing effect of forces Core 1 Describe the moment of a force as a measure ofits turning effect and give everyciay examples 2 Define the moment of a force as moment = force x perpendicular distance from the pivot; recall and use this equation 3 State that, when there is no resultant force and no resultant moment, an abject isin equilibrium ‘Supplement 7 Recall and use the equation F = ma and know that the resultant force and the acceleration are in the same direction 8 Sketch, plot and interpret load-extension graphs for an elastic solid ancl describe the associated experimental procedures 9 Define the spring constant as force per unit extension; recall and use the equation Kee 40 Define and use the term ‘limit of proportionality’ for a load-extension graph and identify this point on the graph (an. understanding of the elastic limit is not required) ‘Supplement 4 Apply the principle of moments to situations with one force each side of the pivot including balancing of a beamCambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content P1 Motion, forces and energy (continued) P1.5 Forces (continued) P1.5.3 Centre of gravity Core Supplement 1 Understand what is meant by contre of gravity and knaw its position for regulely shaped objects (ited to rectangular blocks, spheres and cinders) 2 Describe an experiment to determine the positon ofthe contro of gravity ofan imegularty shaped plane lamina 3 Describe, qualitatively the effect ofthe postion of tho centre of gravity on tho stability of simple objects P1.6_ Energy, work and power P1.6.4 Energy Core ‘Supplement 1 State that energy may be stored as kinotic, gravitational potential, chemical, elastic (stain), nuclear, electrostatic and internal {thermal 2 Describe how energy is transferred between stores during events and processes, including examples of transfor by forces (mechanical work done), electrical currents (electrical work done], heating and by electromagnetic, sound and other waves 4 Recall and use the equation for kinetio energy E,= im? 5 Recall and use the equation for the change in gravitational potential energy AE, = mgan 3 Know the principle of conservation of energy and apply his principle to spe examples including te interpretation of simple ow cliagrams (Sarkey diagrams are not required) P1.6.2 Work Core Supplement 1 Understand that mechanical or electrical work done is equal to the energy transferred Recall and use the equation for mechanical working W=Fd= AECambridge IGCSE Co-ordinated Sciences (Double Award) 0654 syllabus for 2026, 2026 and 2027. Subjact content P1 Motion, forces and energy (continued) P1.6 Energy, work and power (continued) P1.6.3 Energy resources Core 1 Describe how useful energy may be obtained, or electrical power generated, from: (2) fossi fuels (0) biofuels (@) water, including waves, tides, anc hydroelectric dams (€) geothermal resources (©) nuclear fission (9) light from the Sun (solar coll) (Q) infrared and other electromagnetic waves from the Sun to heat water (solar thermal collactors) (0) wind (wind turbines) including references to a bole, turbino and generator where they are used 2 Give advantages and disadvantages of each method in terms of renawabilty, availabilty, reliability, scale and environmental impact 3 Understand, qualitatively, the concept of efficiency of energy transfer P1.6.4 Power Core 1 Define power as work done per unit time and also as energy transferred per unit time; recall and use the equations we @ p= P=4 a te) p= AE ) 7 ‘Supplement 4 Know that radiation from the Sun is the main source of energy for all our energy resources except geothermal, nuclear and tidal 5 Know that eneray is released by nuclear fusion in the Sun (detalled knowledge of the process of fusion is not requir) 6 Know that energy is released by nuclear fission in nucloar reactors (detalod knowledge of the process of fission is not required) 7 Dofne officioncy as: useful energy outbut i999 (a) officioney = ® Y= otal energy input Useful power output. soq9g (b) efficioncy = total power input recall and use the equations ‘Supplement