MODULE IN

UNDERSTANDING
THE
SELF

Name: ___________________________
Cs./Sec.:_________________________
Instructor: Ms. Agapita M. Cruz
 Baliwag Polytechnic College
Dalubhasaan Kong Mahal
1st Semester
A.Y. 2022 – 2023

STUDY GUIDES
Your success to finish this module lies in your hand. This module is prepared for you to
learn new concepts and invaluable skills diligently, intelligently, and independently. As a future
young professional, doing these will greatly help and prepare you to become a responsible
student. Set your goals and invest for your future. This is your first step towards your priceless
investment for a brighter tomorrow. Do not waste your time, effort and energy. Always stay
motivated and inspired to make your dreams come true. The following guides and house rules
will help you further to be on track and to say at the end of the module.
1. Schedule and manage your time wisely for you to accomplish the given tasks in
this module.
2. If there are things that you do not understand, go over and focus on the lesson. If
this will not work, seek the help of your family members or leave me a message
so I can give assistance.
3. Before you start doing anything else, read and understand the learning tasks
carefully. Always aim for the best and do not settle with low grades.
4. Think before you write. In answering all the assessment activities, write legibly
and follow the instructions as needed.
5. Do not hesitate to keep an open communication with me through any available
platforms. I am more than willing to help you to accomplish your goals.
6. Once you are done in the module, you can proceed doing other tasks in the
succeeding units that are scheduled for the finals.
7. You are expected to answer all the printed-based activities, assignments and
reflection guides for you to pass in this course.
8. Remember you are the student hence, you are expected to accomplish and study
the module on your own. You can seek help and support from your family
members and friends but the actual activities must be done by you.

GRADING SYSTEM
Prelim – Final
Long Test / Examination - 60%
Self-paced Activities - 40%

Subject Grade Ex. 30% prelims + 70% tentative midterm

70% + 30% grade = midterm grade
Module 1: Know Thyself

📗📗📗📗 What Will You Learn From This Module?

Before you speak or judge others, know yourself first. Know your experiences
and mode of your living. Don’t judge a person by his appearance. Know yourself and try
to understand others.

This module is composed of four lessons:

Lesson 1: Different Perspective of Philosophers from Ancient Times
Lesson 2: The Self, Society and Culture
Lesson 3: The Self as Cognitive Construct
Lesson 4: The Self in Western and Eastern Thought

After studying this module, you should be able to:

1. Compare the self from the different people of the world.
2. To understand the beliefs of various philosophers as compared to one’s belief.
3. To understand the growth in physical and emotional of oneself.
4. To develop students’ abilities to appreciate the philosophers’ lessons
5. Students have to make a decision on comparing the self with the teaching of
ancient philosopher.

Lesson 1: Different Perspective of Philosophers from

Ancient Times
Philosophy started during ancient times but what you don't know is people who live
during that time know what they should believe. That is why philosophical perspectives
blossom. Find out these person's life and what philosophical view they believes in.
💎 💎 💎 I Must Know…..
The history of philosophy is replete with men and women who inquired into the fundamental
nature of the self. Along with the question of the primary substratum that defines the
municipality of things in the world, the inquiry on the self has preoccupied the earliest thinkers in
the history of philosophy; the Greeks.

1. Socrates
“Every man is composed of body and souls”
2. Plato
“There are 3 components to the soul; retrieval, spirited, appetitive soul”
3. St. Augustine
“Man is a bifurcated nature”
4. Thomas Aquinas
“The soul is what animates the body, it is what make as human”
5. Rene Descartes
“Human person as having a body and a mind”
6. David Hume
"All the perceptions of the human mind resolve themselves into two distinct kinds, which I shall
call impressions and ideas."
7. Immanuel Kant
“Our understanding of the external world had its foundations not merely in experience, but in
both experience and a priori concepts.”
8. Gilbert Ryle
"Philosophical problems are problems of a certain sort; they are not problems of an ordinary sort
about special entities."
9. Maurice Merleau-Ponty
“The body is the primary site of knowing the world, a corrective to the long philosophical
tradition of placing consciousness as the source of knowledge, and maintained that the body
and that which it perceived could not be disentangled from each other.”

Matter - hyle in Greek

Form - morphe in Greek

10. Descartes - Father of Modern Philosophy

 Cogito ergo sum (I think therefore, I am.)
 Cogito means the thing that
thinks, which is the mind
 Extenza means extension of
the mind, which is the body
11. David Hume - a Scotish philosopher
 Empiricism is the school of
thought that espouses the
idea that knowledge can only
be possible if it is sensed and
experienced
 Men can only attain
knowledge by experiencing Fig. 1.1 Philosophers, some of them
contributes beliefs in life.
  The self is nothing else but a bundle of impression
 Is simply a bundle or collections of different perceptions which succeed each
other with an inconceivable rapidity and are in a perpetual flux and movement
12. Immanuel Kant - self is an actually engaged intelligence in man that synthesizes all
knowledge and experiences. It is the seat of knowledge
13. Gilbert Ryle - self is the convenient name that people use to refer to all the behaviors
that people make
14. Marleau-Ponty - the mind and body are so entwined that they cannot be reported from
one another.
15. Pythagoras - a Greek mathematician and philosopher

😀😀😀 Remember…..
Philosophers contribute some beliefs on self-assessment.

Lesson 2: The Self, Society and Culture

Many people have doubts in themselves. "Who am I?", "Where am I?" and "What
culture I have?" are the questions you always ask yourself. Find out yourself in this
lesson.

💎 💎 💎 I Must Know…..
What is the self?
 1. Separate - that the self is distinct from other selves. The self is always unique and has
its own identity
2. Self-contained and independent - because in itself it can exist
3. Consistent - means that a particular self’s traits, characteristics, tendencies and
potentials are more or less the same
4. Unitary - self is the center of all experiences and thoughts that run through a certain
person.
5. Private - each person sorts out information, feelings and emotions and thought
processes within the self. The whole process is never accessible to anyone but the self.

The Self and Culture

According to Mauss, every self has 2 faces:
1. Personne - is composed of the social concepts of what it means to be who it is
2. Moi - is a person’s basic identity

Sanskrit signs of the word love is “LUHB” meaning desire

Language is a salient part of culture and has tremendous effect in the crafting of the self.

The Self and the Development of the Social World

Twins coming out with the same mother turn out to be terribly different when given up for
adoption.

Language as both a publicly shared and privately utilized symbol system is the site where the
individual and the social make and remake each other

Mead and Vygotsky - human person develop with the rise of language acquisition and
interaction with others. Children eventually become what they watch

Self in Families
The kind of family that we are born in and the resource available to us (human, spiritual,
economic) will certainly affect us and the kind of development that we will have as we go
through life

Gender and the Self

Gender has to be personally discovered and asserted and not dictated by culture and society.

😀😀😀 Remember…..
Always remember that self is different on others in terms of culture, social world, family
and gender.

👍👍👍 I Have Learned……

1. What are the influence of your family in your development as an individual?
2. What social pressure have shaped your “self”? Would you have wanted it
otherwise?
3. What aspects of your self do you think may be changed and you would like to
change?
4. Why is gender equality important? Explain.
Lesson 3: The Self as Cognitive Construct
There are many differences between you and other persons. In a saying, it
says that "You're the one who is writing your own journey." This is true as you are
 the one who is making decisions, choosing your paths and constructing your
ideas. How would you able to do that?

📝 Before You Read……

Compare how we look at ourself against how people perceive us depending
on how we present ourselves to them.
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💎 💎 💎 I Must Know…..

Self - is the sense of personal identity and of who we are as individuals.

The “I” is the thinking, acting, and feeling self

The “ME” the physical characteristics as well as psychological capabilities that makes
you who you are
I - the one who acts and decides
ME - what you think and feel about yourself as an object

Identity - is composed of one’s personal characteristics, social roles, and responsibilities

as well as applications that defines who one is
Self-concept - is basically what comes to your
mind when you are asked about who you are.
Self-schema - our own organized system or
collection of knowledge about who we are, our
interest, cause, age name, physical
characteristics

Sigmund Freud - saw the self, its mental

process and one’s behavior and the results of
the intersection between the Id, the Ego and the
Superego.

Three Reasons Why Self and Identity are

Social Products
1. Society helped in creating the
foundations of who we are and even if
Fig. 3.1 Sigmund Freud, the author of
Id, Ego and Superego
 we make our choices we will still operate in our social and historical contexts in
one way or the other. Society affects us.
2. Whether we like to admit it or not, we actually need others to affirm and reinforce
who we think we are
3. What we think is important to us may also have been influenced by what is
important in our social or historical context.

Three Self-Schema
Actual - the “actual” self is who you are at the moment
Ideal - ideal self is who you like to be
Ought - is who we think we should be

Narcissism - is a trait characterized by lovely high self-esteem or improve your self-

concept.

😀😀😀 Remember…..
Love yourself. Do not listen in other’s
criticism about you.

Fig. 3.2 Narcissism, love for yourself

Lesson 4: The Self in Western and Eastern Thought

Eastern and Western countries are always different in culture, beliefs, traditions and
even their own perspectives. When it comes to self, they are also different in terms of
studies. Find out in this lesson.

💎 💎 💎 I Must Know…..
 EASTERN PHILOSOPHY WESTERN PHILOSOPHY
Buddhism, Confucianism, Hinduism, Integra Christianity**, R
l Yoga, Islam, Taoism, Zen ational, Scientific, Logical schools

East MAIN PRINCIPLES West

● Cosmological unity
● Life is a journey towards eternal ● Feeling oneself as an element of the
realities that are beyond the realities that Divine
surround us ● Life is a service (to
● Circular view of the universe, based on the God, money, business, etc.)
the perception of eternal recurrence ● Linear view of the universe and life,
● Inner-world dependent based on the Christian philosophy where
everything has its beginning and the end.
● Self-liberation from the false "Me" and
finding the true "Me". The highest state ● Outer-world dependent
is believed to be a state of 'no-self', ● Self-dedication to the goal (big
where neither self-worth nor self- dream, life vision, happiness, personal
importance have any real meaning. success, etc.)
● Behavioral ethics

East LIVING PRINCIPLES West

VIRTUE ETHIC

"To be able under all circumstances to "One can live magnificently in this world
practice five things constitutes if one knows how to work and how
perfect virtue; these five things are to love."
gravity, generosity of soul, sincerity, ~ Leo Tolstoy
earnestness and kindness." ~ Confucius "Refrain from doing ill; for one all
"Be satisfied with whatever you have, powerful reason, lest our children should
and enjoy the same. When you come to copy our misdeeds; we are all to prone to
know that you have everything, and you
are not short of anything, then the whole
world will be yours." ~ Lao Tzu imitate whatever is base and depraved."
~ Juvenal
"The thought manifests as the word; The
word manifests as the deed; The deed "There is no real excellence in all this
develops into habit; And habit hardens world which can be separated from right
into character. So watch the thought and living."
its ways with care, And let it spring from ~ David Starr Jordan
love born out of concern for all
beings." ~ Buddha

East The "Me" concept West

"Me" is here and now. The true “Me” in

Eternal reality of the universal truth: self- every human being is a part of the Divine
liberation through getting rid of the false that need to become apparent. True
"Me" and discovering the true "Me" “Me” is given and doesn’t have to be
cognizable.

Relationship
East West
with RELIGION

Integration Opposition

Search for ABSOLUTE

East West
TRUTH

● HOLISTIC approach – all events in ● More focused on INDIVIDUAL

the universe are interconnected
EVENTS and the role of the person
● Searching INSIDE YOURSELF – by
● Searching outside yourself - through
becoming a part of the universe
research and analysis
through meditation and right living

"Though he should live a hundred years,

"The truth that survives is simply the lie
not seeing the Truth Sublime; yet better,
that is pleasantest to believe." ~
indeed, is the single day's life of one who
[Link]
sees the Truth Sublime." ~ Buddha

Search for TRUTH &

East West
Fundamental Research

The truth is GIVEN is does not to have be

The truth needs TO BE PROVED.
proved.
The philosophic base for and culture of
The philosophic base for and culture of
fundamental research is STRONGER.
fundamental research is WEAKER.

East BELIEFS and VALUES West

The main values

are success and achievement. These that
The true key is INSIDE. The inner world of can be achieved in many ways, but rarely
a human being and his or her ability to through developing inner strength. The
control and develop it is of the highest majority of success
value. The way to the top is inside and achievement criteria have an
yourself, through self-development. external nature (money, faith, popularity,
etc.). The way to the top is through
active OUTSIDE intervention.

"Man is made by his belief. As he "Happiness lies in virtuous activity,

believes, so he is." ~ Bhagavad Gita and perfect happiness lies in the best
 "The superior man understands what is
right; the inferior man understands what
will sell." activity, which is contemplative."
~ Confucius ~ Aristotle
"By chasing desires you will meet only
the outer surface." ~ Lao Tzu

East FUTURE West

Your future is unknown, it

Your future is determined by the past
was predetermined by God and is not
and your deeds today.
much influenced by your deeds.

"You can never plan the future by the

"Study the past if you would like to divine
past."
the future." ~ Confucius
~ Edmund Burke

East JUSTICE West

SPIRITUAL practice CEREBRAL practice

"There is a higher court than courts of

"At his best, man is the noblest of all
justice and that is the court of
animals; separated from law and justice
conscience. It supercedes all other
he is the worst. " ~ Aristotle
courts." ~ Mahatma Gandhi

INDIVIDUALISM /
East West
COLLECTIVISM

A human being is an integral part of the A human being has an individualistic

 universe and the society. People are
nature and is an independent part of the
fundamentally connected. Duty towards
universe and the
all others is a very important matter.
society. INDIVIDUALISM is stronger.
COLLECTIVISM is stronger.

IMPROVEMENT /
East West
EVOLUTION
CYCLIC development, LINEAR development, hence
hence improvement is a never ending improvement has a goal. Development
journey that has no limits. stops when the goal is reached.

RADICAL
East INNOVATION / West
REVOLUTION
The fundamentals of the status quo can –
The fundamentals of the status quo
and often should – be questioned.
should not be questioned. The culture of
The culture of considering and
considering and introducing radical
introducing radical changes
changes is WEAKER.
is STRONGER.

PASSION &
East West
VENTURING

Entrepreneurial
Entrepreneurial
creativity and venturing is CONTAINED b
venturing is ENCOURAGED emotionally.
y the habit to control one's passions.

"Desires are the cause of suffering. If "Nothing is ever achieved by reasonable

desire, which lies at the route of all men."
human passion, can be removed, then ~ J Fred Bucy of Texas Instruments
passion will die out and all human "Nothing great was
 ever achieved without enthusiasm...
suffering will be ended." Always do what you are afraid to do... Do
~ Buddhism
not go where the path may
"Vain indeed is all overweening pride in lead, go instead where there is no path
the conquest even of the entire universe and leave a trail." ~ Ralph Waldo Emerson
if one has not conquered one's own
"If you want to succeed, you have
passions."
~ Sri Aurobindo
to forge new paths and avoid borrowed
ones." ~ John Rockfeller

ACHIEVEMENT &
East West
WINNING

Winning is INSIDE yourself. >>> Winning is OUTSIDE yourself.

"Though he should conquer a thousand

men in the battlefield a thousand times, "You're not a star until they can spell
yet he, indeed, who would conquer your name in Karachi."
himself is the noblest victor." ~ Roger Moore
~ Buddha
"Life affords no higher pleasure than that
"He who conquers others is strong; he of surmounting difficulties, passing from
who conquers himself is mighty." ~ Lao one stop of success to another, forming
Tzu
new wishes and seeing them gratified."
"The most excellent Jihad is that for the ~ Samuel Johnson
conquest of self." ~ Mohammad

East IMPLEMENTATION West

SPIRITUAL and MISSIONARY approach. PRAGMATIC and EMOTIONAL approach.

"To create and develop without any "The supreme accomplishment is to blur
feelings of ownership, to work and guide the line between work and play."
~ Arnold Toynbee
without any expectation and control, is
the best quality" "Since most of us spend our lives doing
~ Lao Tzu ordinary tasks, the most important thing is
 To achieve self-liberation and nirvana
you need to perform your duties without
expecting any reward for it. ~ to carry them out extraordinary well."
~ Henry David Thoreau
Vedanta, Hinduism
"Every minute you spend in planning saves
"Action can be achieved by inaction, 10 minutes in execution." ~ Brian Tracy
where the result is achieved by "Not-
Me" ~ Zen

GOALS & Key

East West
to SUCCESS

SPIRITUAL MATERIALISTIC

"Live a virtuous life and adhere to "The secret of success in life, and
performing your duties." ~ Confucianism subsequently of making money, is
to enjoy your work. If you do, nothing is
"The Three Armies can be deprived of hard work – no matter how many hours
their commanding officer, but even a you put in." ~ Sir Billy Butlin
common man cannot be deprived of his
purpose." ~ Confucius "Success is that old ABC – ability, breaks
and courage." ~ Charles Luckman
"If you really want everything, then give
up everything." ~ Lao Tzu "Flaming enthusiasm, backed by horse
sense and persistence, is the quality that
"He is able who thinks he is most frequently makes
able." ~ Buddha for success." ~ Dale Carnegie

Establishing Control
East West
Over Your EMOTIONS

Through MEDITATION Through ANALYSIS

A man can separate his/her mind from

"I can control my passions and emotions
his/her emotions and control
if I can understand their nature." ~ Spinosa
them. ~ Taoism
 East LEADERSHIP West
HANDS-ON
SPIRITUAL
Walking ahead of people; speech is
Walking behind people; silence is golden
golden

"In order to guide people, "Leadership is done from in front. Never

the leader must put himself behind ask others to do what you, if challenged,
them. Thus when he is ahead they feel no would not be willing to do
hurt." ~ Lao Tzu yourself." ~ Xenophon

😀😀😀 Remember…..
Eastern and western countries are different not only in their culture but also in concept of
self.
Module 2: We Are What We Have

📗📗📗📗 What Will You Learn From This Module?

You have your money, your house, your family. But sometimes you cannot find your
true happiness. Sometimes, you cannot feel that you’re complete like you are not
contented with what you have. Something is missing. You are finding your happiness
just like a puzzle with missing jigsaw piece.

This module is composed of three lessons:

Lesson 1: Physical and Sexual Self
Lesson 2: To Buy or Not to Buy? That is the Question..
Lesson 3: Supernaturals: Believe It or Not....

At the end of this module, you will be able to:

1. Determine the factors that influence the change of view of one’s physical self.;
2. Explain the association of self and possession.;
3. Understand self in relation with religious beliefs.;
4. Identify various religious practices and beliefs.;
5. Be aware that spiritual self is the most intimate inner subjective part of self
Lesson 1: Physical and Sexual Self
Men and women are different to each other, in terms of physical and
sexual self. To know more, read this lesson.

💎 💎 💎 I Must Know……

 Males have X and Y chromosomes

 Females have XX

Puberty - is the period of life, generally between the age of 10 and 15 years, when the
reproductive organs grow to their adult size and become functional under the influence of rising
levels of gonadal hormones (testosterone in males and estrogen for females)

Menopause - whole year have passed without menstruation

Menarche - first menstrual period
Starts at 13 for males
11 for females

Diseases Associated with the Reproductive

System
1. Infections - are the most common problems
in adults
2. Escherichia coli - spread from the digestive
tract
3. Gonorrhea - sexually transmitted
microorganisms
4. Syphilis - sexually transmitted
microorganisms
5. Herpes virus - sexually transmitted
microorganisms
6. Yeasts - a type of fungus Fig. 1.1 Calendar method
7. Urethritis - most common inflammatory
condition on males
8. Prostatitis - most common inflammatory condition on males
9. Epididymitis - most common inflammatory condition on males
10. Orchitis - inflammation of the testes uncommon but may cause sterility
11. Tumors of the breasts cervix are the most common reproductive cancers in adult women
12. Prostate cancer - for adult males

STD - sexually transmitted diseases

1. Chlamydia - adolescents and young adult females
2. Gonorrhea
3. Syphilis
4. Chancroid
5. Human papillomavirus
6. Herpes simplex virus
7. Trichomonas vaginalis
 Natural and Artificial Methods of Contraception
1. Abstinence - natural method involves
abstaining from sexual intercourse. The
most effective natural birth control method.
Most effective way to avoid STD.
2. Calendar method - also called the rhythm
method. This natural method involves
refraining from coitus during the days that
the woman is fertile. 3 or 4 days before and
3 to 4 days after ovulation the woman is
Fig. 1.3 Pills likely to conceive.
3. Basal body temperature (BBT) - woman’s
temperature at rest. BBT falls at 0.5℉ before the day of ovulation. Take the temperature
early every morning before any activity. If she notices that there is slight decrease and
then increases in her temperature, this is the sign she has ovulated
4. Cervical mucus method - the woman is ovulating of the mucus is copious, this and
watery
5. Symptothermal method - combination of BBT and Cervical mucus method
6. Ovulation detection - is an over-the-counter kit
that can predict ovulation through the purge of
luteinizing hormone that happens 12 to 24
hours before ovulation. The kit requires the
urine specimens
7. Coitus interruptus - the couple still proceeds
with the coitus but the man withdraws the
moment he emit semen and emit it outside

Artificial Methods
1. Contraceptives - also known as the PILL, oral
Fig. 1.4 IUD contraceptives contains synthetic estrogen and
progesterone.
Estrogen suppresses the follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone to
suppress ovulation
Progesterone - decreases the permeability of the cervical mucus to limit the sperm’s
access to the ova.
2. Transdermal patch - the woman should apply
one patch every week on the following areas;
upper outer arm, upper torso, abdomen or
buttocks. At the 4th week, no patch is applied
because the menstrual flow would then occur.
3. Vaginal ring - the silicon ring is inserted
vaginally and remains there for three weeks.
Then removed on the 4th week as menstrual
flow would occur.
4. Subdermal implants - 2 rod-like implants
embedded under the skin of the woman during
her menses. It contains etonogestrel
desogestrel and progestin
Fig. 1.2 Cervical Mucus Method 5. Hormonal injections - consist of
medroxyprogesterone and given once every 12
 weeks intramuscularly. Inhibits ovulation and causes changes in the endometrium and
the cervical mucus
6. Intrauterine device - an IUD is a small, t-shaped object that is inserted into the uterus via
the female reproductive organ. The IUD is fitted only by a physician and inserted after
the woman as menstrual flow to be sure that she is not pregnant.
7. Chemical barriers - spermicides, vaginal gels and creams, glycerin films to cause the
death of sperm before they can enter the cervix and lower the Ph level of the female
8. Diaphragm - it is a circular, rubber disk that fits the cervix and should be placed before
coitus. It should remain in place for 6 hours after coitus
9. Cervical cup - it is a mode of soft rubber and fitted on the rim of the cervix. Its shape is
like a thimble and should stay in place for not more than 48 hours.
10. Male condoms - is a latex or synthetic rubber sheath that is placed in the erect male
reproductive organ to trap the sperm.
11. Female condoms - latex rubber sheath that are specially designed for females pre
lubricated with spermicide
12. Surgical method - males undergo vasectomy, females tubal ligation

😀😀😀 Remember…..
It is better to have birth controls rather than having more children.
Lesson 2: To Buy or Not to Buy? That is the
Question..
Are you thrifty or are you spendthrip? Every day, you only spend what you
needed...Learn more on how to spend and how to budget.....

💎 💎 💎 I Must Know……

Material Self
1. Bodies - we make sure our body parts are well and good (insure some parts)
2. Clothes - clothing is a form of self-expression we choose and wear clothes that
are reflections of our self
3. Immediate family - what our parents and siblings do and become affect us
4. Home - our home is where our heart is. It is the earliest nest of our selfhood

As we grow older, putting importance to material possession decreases.

Ditch The Excuses: 15 Tips To Quit Spending Your Money

If you want to spend less money, you’ve got to go about it in the right way. You
know you have to save for the future, but how do you make sure that it’s really gonna
stick? Unless you have some great ideas and a plan, you might run into trouble. Follow
these simple tips to curb your spending.
1. Set Savings Goals
It’s always good to make a plan. Are you saving your money in order to buy a car?
Perhaps you just want to pay down those credit card balances. Whatever the case, set
your goals. Once you have a clear idea of what you are saving for, you will be prepared
to work toward that goal. Think of your goals as a line of defense protecting you from
spending inordinately.
2. Plan Your Budget
Keep track of what you are spending, and log daily entries into a budget spreadsheet.
Over time, you will see how much you spend every day, week, month, and year. If you
need some help, there are many effective budget planners that you can find using a
search engine. You can analyze your budget, and pinpoint exactly where your wallet is
hemorrhaging. You can also keep track of your income in the same manner – make
sure that you are not spending more than you earn! In any case, simply cut out the
expenses that aren’t doing anything for your savings, and watch your earnings grow.
3. Balance Before You Spend
Pay all of your bills before you leave the house to go out. When you are unaware of
your financial condition, you are more likely to spend money frivolously. When you have
a good idea of your finances, however, your awareness will help you when you go out.
Balancing your checkbook will provide you with the willpower to avoid spending too
much.
4. Wait Three Days
Whenever you are tempted to make a big purchase, wait three days. While you’re
waiting, consider whether or not you need what you want to buy. After the rush of
impulse shopping wears off, you will know if it’s something you actually want to
purchase.
5. Eat Your Food
Don’t go out to eat. There’s food in your fridge that’s probably better for you, and you
will save big bucks by staying home. Check your pantry before you take another trip to
the store: you probably have some food in there too. And when you do go to the store,
eat before you go – a hungry shopper is a spendy one! Remember, only go to the store
when the food is gone. You’ll take fewer trips and lower your grocery bill, effectively
saving you some money in the process.
6. Pack Your Lunch
Many people spend their money daily on expensive restaurants and food trucks. Avoid
this trap by making a sack lunch before you leave the house for work. You will eat
healthier, and you’ll save a great deal of money by following this tip.
7. Shop With a List
Make a list of what you need to buy before you leave the house. This will galvanize you
when you are out – just stick to the list. In this manner, you can easily avoid impulse
buys. Just remind yourself that you can’t buy anything that isn’t on the list.
8. Cancel Catalogs and Emails
Retailers are sending you emails and catalogs all the time. They want you to open them
so that you will be mesmerized by their latest deals. Don’t open them! Unsubscribe from
these emails (usually there is a link to opt-out right at the bottom of the email). Call
retailers that send you catalogs and ask them to remove your name from their mailing
lists. In these ways, you can allay your temptation to check out the latest deals (saving
you some hard-earned cash!).
9. Hide Away Your Credit Cards
Your credit cards can be your worst enemy when you are striving to save money.
Therefore, place them in a spot that isn’t readily available to you. A safe is a good place
to start: the credit card won’t be readily accessible, and it takes time to enter the
combination. Safes aren’t the only way to stop spending with your credit card. You can
try anything that will slow you down when you want to pull out the card.
There are more drastic measures that you can take (especially, if you don’t have a
safe). Try wrapping your cards in plastic and burying them in the backyard. Or you can
freeze them. Just place the card in a bowl of water and stick it in the ice box. (Put a coin
atop the card to keep it from floating.) Next time you need to use your credit card, you
will need to thaw it out or dig it back up – very effective deterrents, indeed.
10. Cut Up Your Cards
So the icebox trick didn’t work. Or maybe you’re really good at digging. You somehow
managed to spend with your credit cards even after you tried to hide them away. No
worries, just cut them up. If you find yourself spending too much with debit cards, cut
them up too. No more trips to the ATM on a whim, and no more impulse buying. No
credit and no debit means no frivolous spending with your cards.
11. Borrow Don’t Buy
When money’s tight, think of borrowing what you need. The neighbor’s lawnmower, a tie
for a special engagement, your brother’s pickup truck. Remember, you often don’t need
to rent or buy anything, especially if it’s for short-term use.
12. Trade & Barter
Many things that you currently own have value. Keep this in mind when you need to buy
something: you can trade what you already own! Ask the neighbor if he wants to trade
his lawnmower for your chainsaw. You can even barter your own time if necessary, like
babysitting your brother’s kids so that you can borrow the truck again.

13. Collect Spare Change

Keep a change jar, and deposit all of the pocket (or purse) change you accrue. Another
fun idea, put a label on the jar, like “Ski Trip,” “Disneyland,” or “Sound System.”
Whenever you put money into the jar, you’ll feel good for working toward a savings goal.
14. Just Do It
Rather than paying someone else to weed your yard, fluff & fold, or clean your house,
go ahead and do it yourself. In the long run, these services aren’t doing much for you.
Sure, they’re convenient but they’re going to cost you. The cost for doing it yourself is
just a bit of your free time – and your savings will thank you for it.
15. Consider the True Cost
Whenever you want to make a purchase, consider the “true cost” to you. Find the true
cost by calculating how many hours it would take you to earn the money to pay for what
you want to buy. For example, if you make $20 per hour and you spend one-hundred
dollars to go out and eat, you just spent five hours of work. By effectively converting the
monetary figure to an hourly one, it can serve to deter you from making purchases you
might regret.
With these simple tips, you’ll find that you can eliminate needless spending and start to
grow your savings. It might not be easy at first, but it can be fun! Try thinking of the
money in your bank account as your score in a video game – avoid the spendy
temptations, incorporate these tips into your buying habits, and rack up those points!
Before you know it, you will be heading down the road to reducing your debt and
building up your wealth.

😀😀😀 Remember…..
Spend your money wisely. Avoid buying too much..
Lesson 3: Supernaturals: Believe It or Not....
Every person has different beliefs and religions... Every religion has different practices.
Find out more in this lesson.

💎 💎 💎 I Must Know……
Religion is a social-cultural system of designated behaviors and
practices, morals, worldviews, texts, sanctified places, prophecies, ethics,
or organizations, that relates humanity to supernatural, transcendental,
or spiritual elements. However, there is no scholarly consensus over what precisely
constitutes a religion.
Different religions may or may not contain various elements ranging from
the divine, sacred things, faith, a supernatural being or supernatural beings or "some
sort of ultimacy and transcendence that will provide norms and power for the rest of
life". Religious practices may include rituals, sermons, commemoration or veneration
(of deities and/or saints), sacrifices, festivals, feasts, trances, initiations, funerary
services, matrimonial services, meditation, prayer, music, art, dance, public service, or
other aspects of human culture. Religions have sacred histories and narratives, which
may be preserved in sacred scriptures, and symbols and holy places, that aim mostly to
give a meaning to life. Religions may contain symbolic stories, which are sometimes
said by followers to be true, that have the side purpose of explaining the origin of life,
the universe, and other things. Traditionally, faith, in addition to reason, has been
considered a source of religious beliefs.
A ritual is a sequence of activities involving gestures, words, actions, or objects,
performed in a sequestered place and according to a set sequence. Rituals may be
prescribed by the traditions of a community, including a religious community. Rituals are
characterized, but not defined, by formalism, traditionalism, invariance, rule-
governance, sacral symbolism, and performance.
Rituals are a feature of all known human societies. They include not only
the worship rites and sacraments of organized religions and cults, but also rites of
passage, atonement and purification rites, oaths of allegiance, dedication
ceremonies, coronations and presidential inaugurations, marriages, funerals and more.
Even common actions like hand-shaking and saying "hello" may be termed as rituals.
Religion/Ritual
Some world religious beliefs and practices are:
1. Buddhism
Beliefs
 Buddhism teaches that life is unsatisfactory
 Life can be experienced as painful and frustrating
 The Buddha taught that the way to break the cycle of frustration is to
practice ethics and meditation to cultivate wisdom, which is deep
understanding and acceptance of things as they are.
Customs and Practices
 i. Samatha practices develop calm, concentration and positive emotion and are
practiced as mindfulness of breathing and development of loving kindness
ii. Vipassana practices aim at developing insight into reality. Developing and
cultivating wisdom happens through studying and reflecting the DHARMA, the
Buddha’s teachings.
Buddhists’ Celebrations (full moon)
 Parinirvana Day in February
 Buddha Day (Wesak) in May
 Dharma Day in July
 Padmasambhava Day in October
 Sangha Day in November
2. Christianity
Beliefs
a. Chistians believe that God became fully present in the world in the person of Jesus
Christ of Nazareth.
b. Christians believe that Jesus Christ’s dying on the cross, made him a sacrifice to
reconcile all humanity with their Creator
c. They believe the rose from the dead and has sent the spirit of God to renew and
inspire people in the world today
d. Christians have a distinctive understanding of God or a trinity
Father - Creator
Son - Redeemer
Holy Spirit - Sustainer while still emphasizing the unity of God.
The old testament and the new testament is called the Holy Bible.
Customs and Beliefs
i. One becomes a Christian through the Sacrament of baptism (water ceremony)
that symbolizes a sharin in death and resurrection of Jesus
ii. They also follow Jesus’ instruction of taking bread and wine, and declaring these
as His body and blood offered in sacrifice for all through the Sacrament of Holy
Communion
Festivals
1. Christmas (celebrated in Dec. 25) birth of Jesus
2. Easter (varies according to the lunar calendar) when Jesus’ resurrection from
the dead is celebrated.
3. Hinduism
Beliefs
a. Hinduism has no single founder, doctrine or religious authority
b. Hinduism is best understood as a complete way of life, a path of sanctification
and discipline that leads to a higher level of consciousness
DHARMA - the ancient law
VEDAS - sacred scriptures
VEDA - is a Sanskrit word meaning knowledge
KARMA - concept that beneficial effects are derived from past beneficial actions
c. 4 Vedas
i. Rig Veda - truths and rituals
ii. Yajun Veda - sacrificial rites and rituals
 iii. Sama Veda - songs dedicated to God
iv. Atharva Veda - curses, spells, charms
d. 3 Hindu triad
1. Brahma - supreme being
2. Vishnu – preserver
3. Shiva - destroyer
Festivals
1. DIWALI - Festival of light
2. NAVRATRI - nine times which celebrates the triumph of good over evil. This
takes place twice a year
3. Holi - spring festival, festival of color
4. Dussehra - Victory of good over evil
4. Islam
Beliefs
a. Islam is an Arabic word which means willing submission to God
b. The root of the word Islam comes from a word meaning PEACE
c. ALLAH means One God
d. The heart of the Muslim community is belief in the unity and universality of
God
e. Adam - one father
f. UMMAH - strong sense of Muslim community
g. Muslims believe that God has sent a succession of prophets such as Adam,
Noah, Abraham, Jacob, Moses, Jesus and Mohammad as the last and final
prophet. Mohammad was born in Mecca in 570 CE and received revelation
from God through Angel Gabriel over a period of 23 years.
h. QURAN - Islam’s Holy Book
Customs and Practices
Islam has five pillars that represent the foundation of Islamic worship and
practice
1. Shahada - There is no God but the one true God and Mohammad is his
messenger
2. Salat - Prayer five times a day at given times
3. Zakat - two and a half percent of Muslim’s assets over a given in welfare
tax to benefit the poor
4. Hajj - an annual pilgrimage to Mecca, which is a requirement at least once
in a lifetime for those who can afford it
5. Sawm - during the month of Ramadan (9th month of the Islamic calendar).
Muslims are required to abstain from food, drink and sexual acts from dawn
until sunset.
Festivals
1. EID UL FITR - end of Ramadan
2. EID UL ADHA - coincides with the completion of the HAJJ and unites the
whole Islamic community.
6. Judaism
Beliefs
 a. The jewish people believe themselves to be descended from a Semitir tribe
that originated in the land of Canaan in the Middle East
b. Torah - the land which consisted the Jewish way of life
c. Messiah - the Savior
d. Torah is all about family relationship, social interaction, good commercial
practice and setting out the religion rituals
Customs and Practices
i. The Jewish Sabbath begins on Friday evening at sunset (6pm)
Festivals
5 festivals that Jews are forbidden to work
1. The New Year (Rosh Hashanah)
2. Day of Atonement (Yom Kippur)
3. Passover (Pesach)
4. Pentecost (Shavuot)
5. Tabernacles (Sukkot)

Logotherapy
What is logotherapy?
 A revolutionary approach to psychotherapy
 Helping the patient find meaning in life
Logotherapy Assumptions
1. The human being is an entity consisting of body, mind and spirit
Body - soma
Mind - psyche
Spirit - noos
The body and mind are what we have and the spirit is what we are.
2. Life has meaning under all circumstances even the most miserable
3. People have a will to meaning. This is our main motivation for living and acting
when we see meaning, we are ready for any suffering.
4. People have freedom under all circumstances to activate the will to find meaning
5. Life has demand quality to which people must respond if decisions are to be
meaningful
6. The individual is unique.

😀😀😀 Remember…..
Every person has different religion, so respect their culture and traditions.

Module 3: I am Filipino; In Word, In

Thought and In Deed
📗📗📗📗 What Will You Learn From This Module?
We are Filipinos. We care for others and we celebrate even in hard times. We
showcase to other countries our hospitality and family values. We are Filipinos. You
should be proud of what you are, where you are and who you are.
This module is composed of two lessons:
Lesson 1: The Essence of Being Filipino
Lesson 2: Who Am I in the Cyberworld?

After studying this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify different Filipino values and traits.;
2. To understand that one’s nationality/ identity contribute to a healthy view of
oneself.;
3. To understand the consequences of globalization as compared to one’s culture
and beliefs.;
4. To reflect on one’s selfhood in relation to his national identity.;
5. To be aware of what is going on in the world.;

Lesson 1: The Essence of Being Filipino

In Asia and the whole world, Filipinos are well-known for their hospitality
and the Philippines is the only Catholic country in South East Asia. Know
more in this lesson why you should be proud of your own country.

💎 💎 💎 I Must Know……
Who is Filipino?
Technically, according to Phil. Constitution, Filipino citizens are:
 I. Those whose fathers or mothers are citizens of the Phils.
II. Those born before Jan. 17, 1972 of Filipino mothers who elect Phil.
citizenship upon reaching the age of majority
III. Those who are naturalized in accordance with the law
Markers of being a Filipino
1. Citizenship
2. Culture
3. History
The Filipino value system or Filipino values refers to the set of values that a majority
of the Filipino have historically held important in their lives. This Philippine values
system includes their own unique assemblage of consistent ideologies, moral
codes, ethical practices, etiquette and cultural and personal values that are promoted by
their society. As with any society though, the values that an individual holds sacred can
differ on the basis of religion, upbringing and other factors.
As a general description, the distinct value system of Filipinos is rooted primarily in
personal alliance systems, especially those based in kinship, obligation, friendship,
religion (particularly Christianity) and commercial relationships.
Filipino Values and Traits
I. Filipino hospitality
A. Offering something to eat or even a place to stay
B. Bring out their best sets of plates and chinawares
C. Spending a lot money and going into debts just to satisfy them
D. In local shop, salesmen greet their customers with warm welcome and say
thank you
E. They give tours to the friends who will with their hometown and treating them
to the best restaurant and delicacies for free
F. During festivals or fiestas, Filipinos serve heaps of festive food and invite the
whole barangay
G. They are also fond of giving pasalubong or tokens
from their traulls and pabaon or farewell gifts to
their visitors
II. Respect for elders
Filipinos greet their elders by kissing their hand while
saying “Mano po” and constantly using “po” at “opo”
in conversation. There is also a wide array of
references to elder people such as ate or kuya, tito
and tita, lolo and manong or aling for older people
outside the family. Fig. 1.1 Filipino Hospitality, a
III. Close Family Ties foreigner warmly welcomed by
A. Maintain a tight relationship regardless that the children.
children already have their own family.
B. Fond of family reunions during birthdays, holidays and fiestas.
IV. Cheerful personality
Filipinos have the habit of smiling and laughing a lot
 They smile when they are happy, sad and sometimes even when they are angry
even during trying to maintain a positive outlook in life

V. Self-sacrifice
A. Filipinos go out of their way to extend their help to friends
B. They wish comfort and little lives to their loved ones
C. They even go abroad to earn more money and save up for them
D. Some eldest children give up their school to work and provide for the rest of the
family and educate his siblings
VI. Bayanihan
The bayanihan spirit is giving without expecting something in return
VII. “Bahala Na” Attitude
The Filipino version of the famous line “Hakuna Matata” meaning no worries.
Originated from “Bathala Na”. Bathala means God – leaving everything into
God’s hands
VIII. Colonial Mentality
Is regarded as the back of patriotism
and the attitude where Filipinos favour
foreign products more than their own
IX. Manaňa Habit
This is the Filipino term for
procrastination derived from “mamaya
na” which means doing things that
could have been done at the present at
a later time
X. Ningas Kugon (Cugon)

Fig. 1.2 Bayanihan, a group of men

moving the house from one place to
another for free

Fig. 1.3 Pagmamano, a sign of respect for

Filipinos
 Refers to the attitude of eagerly starting
things , but quickly losing eagerness soon
after experiencing difficulty just as fast as
the fire has ignited.
XI. Pride
When two parties are not in good terms,
they find it hard to apologize and wait until
the other party asks for an apology first
XII. Crab Mentality
Just like crabs, in a container, they pull each
other down and ruin each other’s reputation
rather than bringing them up, which results
in no progress
XIII. Filipino Time
Filipinos have their common attitude of
arriving late at commitments

Filipino Markers
Filipino markers - hallmarks of our being a Filipino Fig. 1.4 Damiana Eugenio
1. Proverbs or Salawikain - are sayings that
convey a lesson on Filipino practices, beliefs and traditions.
Damiana Eugenio - mother of Phil. folklore

6 categories of proverbs
a. Proverbs - expressing a general attitude
towards life and the laws that govern life
b. Ethical proverbs - recommending certain
virtues and commending certain vices
c. Proverbs expressing a system of values
d. Proverbs expressing general truths and
observations about life and human nature
e. Humorous proverbs
f. Miscellaneous proverbs
2. Superstitions
3. Myths and legends - stories that aim to explain
of things and teach valuable lessons
4. Heroes and icons - serve or reminders of true
Fig. 1.5 Biag ni Lam-ang, one of patriotism and nationalism
Filipino epics (Ilokano)
How to be a good Filipino?
1. Be an active Filipino citizen - participate in government progress, rights to vote
2. Study the Phil. History - understand the event of Phil. history, extend help to
Filipinos and recognize abuse of political power
3. Support local products - support local manufacturers and strengthen local
economy
4. Speak the Filipino language - one way of displaying love for one’s country
 5. Do not spread fake news and be democratic in engaging with dissent.

😀😀😀 Remember…..
Be proud of your Filipino roots and culture.
Lesson 2: Who Am I in the Cyberworld?
The modern age is the internet age. In the world of internet, there are information and
news that are useful, but there are also some malicious information spreading around.
Be vigilant of them. How will you use internet with responsible attitude?

💎 💎 💎 I Must Know……
Internet identity (IID), also online identity or internet persona, is a social identity that an
Internet user establishes in online communities and websites. It can also be considered as an
actively constructed presentation of oneself. Although some people choose to use their real
names online, some Internet users prefer to be anonymous, identifying themselves by means of
pseudonyms, which reveal varying amounts of personally identifiable information. An online
identity may even be determined by a user's relationship to a certain social group they are a
part of online. Some can even be deceptive about their identity.

Social Media Personas | Reality vs. Online Identities

In recent years, social media has impacted the way in which users communicate with their
friends, family, colleagues, as well as how they communicate with people they have never met
offline.
Whether comprised of friends or followers, social networking sites (SNS) have audiences.
These audiences are made up of individuals who view, react, and engage with shared content.
Platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, and Snapchat allow users to present
themselves and their content in any way that they choose for their audiences. With that being
said, there’s a burning question that plagues social media users each and every day – what is
the difference between a real user identity and a fabricated online identity?

Content

Social media users’ content often highlights who they spend time with, where they go, what they
do, etc. Day after day and post after post, their content forms their online identity. In most cases,
this online identity reflects who a person is offline. Connectivity, expression, and individualism
are all factors that play into a user’s content.
Individual users create unique online identities and in turn, are influenced by their audiences
and the responses they receive. Audience engagement drives users to continue to post online.
Sharing personal information on a public platform creates a close bond between users. Keeping
this in mind, influencers place their followers in their innermost circle, maintaining an open line
of communication across different platforms.
Online Identities
While in most cases online identities mirror offline personalities, this does not always hold true!
The majority of social media users can attest that receiving attention on their posts (whether it
be tweets, statuses, photos, etc.) is what they enjoy most about the world of social media.
Audience engagement is what drives most users to post consistently.
Social media audiences can greatly influence an account’s content and even pressure users to
maintain a certain image, which is typically an elevated version of themselves. In some cases,
content is deliberately exaggerated to gain a desired reaction – or a reaction in general!
When a user’s content is fabricated, their authentic self is lost; thus an online identity is born.
Audience Relationship
The makeup of a user’s audience can vary based on the given platform. Typically, a user’s list
of followers includes friends, family, peers, neighbors, and acquaintances.
If users personally know the majority of their audiences, why are they so inclined to portray
enhanced versions of themselves online? A popular theory is that many users are driven by
competition with their peers.
While it may vary on a case-by-case basis, the growth of online personas has driven users to
create more interesting versions of themselves on their profiles. Editing, censoring, and
embellishing the truth are only a few ways that online personalities are created, often for the
purpose of audience enjoyment.
With each post, users are faced with determining what is real, and what is a fabricated online
identity.

Digital Detox: 10 Surprisingly Easy Ways to Kick Social Media Addiction

Do you get anxious when you realize you’ve left your smartphone charger at home? Whether
you’re suffering from social media fatigue, or you simply need some relief from the digital noise
of Facebook, Pinterest and Twitter, these expert-approved strategies are your best bet in
kicking a social media addiction.

How to kick-off a “Digital Detox” and break-up with social media

At their best, social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, Instagram and Snapchat can
serve as a constant link with our friends and family. We rely on them to keep us connected and
up-to-date, while giving us the opportunity to share both validation and inspiration (thank
you, Pinterest!).
That said, digital overstimulation—especially in a time when up-to-the-minute information is free
and unfiltered—is taking a toll on our health, both mentally and physically. A study from the
University of Pittsburgh’s Center for Research on Media, Technology, and Health found
that using multiple social media platforms increased the risk of depression and anxiety in
participants, especially among those using seven to 11 platforms, compared to peers who used
no more than two.
And apparently, we’re conscious of at least some of these negative side effects of social media
addiction. In a recent survey about New Year’s resolutions, the number one goal reported by
respondents for the year ahead was to quit social media, easily beating out old standbys
like quitting smoking and losing weight.
If you’re reading this and thinking to yourself, “I need a break from social media,” we’ve got you
covered. Here are 10 expert-approved strategies to get you started on a “digital detox.”

1. Delete social media accounts you don’t use.

According to Marie Potter, Marketing Director for the Professional Organizers in Canada, the
first step in kicking a social media addiction is to consolidate your devices and delete all the
platforms you don’t use. If this task in itself seems overwhelming, break it down into bite-sized
chunks. “Start by taking 10 minutes a day to declutter your devices,” Potter says.

2. Be realistic when setting goals.

Instead of quitting social media cold turkey, Potter suggests making “micro-commitments” in a
gradual weaning process. “Make these goals realistic and attainable,” she says. These might
include declaring a 30-minute social media time-out while at work, or setting aside an entire day
as a social media blackout. It might even be as simple as limiting yourself to checking your
phone during your morning coffee break—whatever it takes to rein-in the habit.

3. Be mindful of time spent on social media.

Potter recognizes that social media is a very powerful force—powerful enough to make users
lose all sense of time. To counter this, she suggests setting a time limit before scrolling through
your various social media feeds. “Use an actual timer to indicate when your browsing time is
up,” she says. “Otherwise it’s very easy to continue down the rabbit hole of information.” No egg
timer handy? Try setting a calendar reminder on your smartphone or desktop.

4. Turn off “push” notifications on social media.

We’re constantly drawn to our phones with every sound, buzz or flash from the notifications
light. Potter says one of the easiest ways to reduce your time spent on social media is to turn off
these “push” notifications, and “mute’ apps that trigger an insatiable urge to check for updates.

5. Don’t feed the trolls.

Before firing off an angry reply to that Tweet that’s left you seeing red, heed Potter’s advice to
“follow and engage with care.” According to Potter, negative influencers and stress
triggers (read: Internet trolls) who lurk in social media feeds can actually take a toll on
your mental health. “Think about your physical environment and how you surround yourself
with the people and things that you love and care for. This should also apply to your social
media space,” she says.

6. Purge your “friends” and “follow” lists.

It’s difficult to purge your “friends” and “follow” lists because social media makes us feel
connected. “People have this sense of not wanting to miss out,” Potter says. “We think that if we
make the connection, we might need them at some point.”
Nevertheless, there’s no harm in going through your social media contact lists and hitting the
“delete” button, especially after you’ve asked yourself these three questions:
Do you know them in real life?
Do they add positive value to your life?
Are they a trigger?
If you’ve answered NO, NO and YES, hitting the “delete,” “unfriend,” or “unfollow” button can
help make a difference to your long-term health and well-being.

7. Create physical distance between you and your devices.

Do you sleep with your smartphone next to your bed? Arianna Huffington, author of Thrive and
founder of [Link], says that when she’s ready for bed, she “escorts all her devices
out of her room” and shuts the door. This habit allows her to get a good night’s sleep and
focus on mindfulness, without the incessantly flashing notifications light or the buzz of a 2 a.m.
text.
If it’s during the day, Potter suggests keeping your phone in an inconvenient location. “I have a
client who drives with her phone in the trunk of her car to avoid distraction,” she says. “We are
creatures of convenience, so create distance and make it a chore to retrieve your phone.”

8. Consider a 30-day extreme digital detox.

Though it might seem impossible, you actually do have the power to completely disconnect from
social media—even for as long as a month. “Start by letting people on your feeds know that
you’ll be switching off, and offer alternate ways for them to reach you,” Potter says. “Then, set a
deadline and begin switching off. You’ll be amazed at how much time you’ll get back in your day
to focus on the people and things that matter.”

9. Learn to let go of social media and refocus your priorities.

A big concern with taking a break from social media is the fear of missing out (sometimes
referred to by its acronym of “FOMO”). Whether it’s invitations or announcements, we worry that
if we don’t hear the news on social media, we’ll ultimately be completely forgotten. “Focus on
real connections and not on those who have entered our lives because of social media,” Potter
says. “Social media has made us outer-focused, when we should really be focused on filling up
from the inside.”

10. Make plans for real-time connections.

We often spend as much time investing in our online relationships as we do with the people we
interact with on a face-to-face basis. To redress the balance, Potter suggests using your phone
primarily as a connection tool to plan those meaningful face-to-face experiences. “Face-to-
face time is more powerful than anything you say over social media,” she says.

😀😀😀 Remember……
Limit your usage of social media. Don’t use too much.
Module 4: Less Stress, More Care
📗📗📗📗 What Will You Learn From This Module?

As you care for others, you should also care for yourself: care for your
mental and physical health. The more you care for your health, the more
you can help your friends, work with somebody and enjoy your life.

This module is composed of one lesson:

Lesson 1: Managing and Caring for the Self

After studying this module, you should be able to:

1. Explain the effects of stress to one’s health.;
2. Understand the effects of stress to one’s health.;
3. Understand how stress affects one’s outlook in life.;
4. Be aware that overwhelmed and worrying too much lead to stress.;
5. Be aware that stress is inevitable to life and we have to learn how to
handle and cope with it.
Lesson 1: Managing and Caring for the Self
A person should always care for his health, especially in illness and pandemic such as
COVID-19. Learn more in this lesson how to care for yourself.

💎 💎 💎 I Must Know……
Stress - state of mental tension and worry caused by problems. It is something that causes
strong feelings of anxiety.

Causes of stress:
a. Family related - anything related at home such as deceased loved ones, debt, etc.
b. School related - related at school such as topped-up/ piled projects, bullying, etc.
c. Work related - at work such as paper works, schedules
d. Social related - in society such as gossips, bullying and criticism
e. Self related

Why do teachers experience stress?

a. Lesson plan
b. Instructional materials
c. Classroom management
d. Pupil’s behavior
e. Family matters
f. Loans and debts
g. Salary and wages
h. Budget

Effects of stress
a. Insomnia
b. Eating disorder (dyslexia)
c. Mood swings
d. Anxiety
e. Disease
f. Feeling of commiting suicide
g. Psychological damage and disorders

Three components to the General Stress Syndrome

1. The alarm stage - this involves a number of hormones and chemicals exerted at high
levels, as well as increase in heartbeat, blood pressure, perspiration , respiration rate,
etc.
2. The stage of resistance - the body becomes adoptive to the challenge and even begins
to resist it
3. The exhaustion stage - the body dies because it has used up its resources of adoption
energy

Techniques to counter chronic stress

1. Relaxation response
2. Physical activity
3. Social support
Steps for self care therapy
1. Stop, breath and tell yourself - “This is hard and I will get through this 1 step at a time”
2. Acknowledge to yourself, what you are feeling - all feelings are normal so accept
whatever you are feeling
3. Find someone who listens and is accepting you do not need advice. You need to be
heard.
4. Maintain your normal routine as much as possible
5. Allow plenty of time for a task
6. Take good care of yourself

What to remember on how to take good care of oneself?

1. Get enough rest and sleep - sleep at least 6 hours and not more than 9 hours
2. Eat regularly and make healthy choices
3. Know your limits and when you need to let go
4. Identify or create a nurturing place in your home
5. Practice relaxation and meditation
6. Escape for a while through meditation; a book, a movie, or taking a short trip.

😀😀😀 Remember…..
Always take care of yourself, physically and mentally.
📚📚📚📚References
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  E. Alata, [Link], Understanding the Self, Rex Book Store, Inc., 2018

Prepared by:
AGAPITA M. CRUZ
Instructor/Professor

Checked by: Approved by:

JOHN ERICK F. CAUZON,MAEd
Program Director Dean, Institute of Education