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Overview of Geomorphic Processes

Geomorphic processes shape the Earth's surface through endogenetic (internal) and exogenetic (external) forces. Endogenetic processes include diastrophism and sudden movements like earthquakes and volcanism, while exogenetic processes involve weathering and erosion. Mass movement, categorized by speed, describes the downslope movement of weathered materials due to gravity.

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5 views2 pages

Overview of Geomorphic Processes

Geomorphic processes shape the Earth's surface through endogenetic (internal) and exogenetic (external) forces. Endogenetic processes include diastrophism and sudden movements like earthquakes and volcanism, while exogenetic processes involve weathering and erosion. Mass movement, categorized by speed, describes the downslope movement of weathered materials due to gravity.

Uploaded by

Niteesh
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© All Rights Reserved
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Geomorphic Processes

Geomorphic processes refer to the natural mechanisms that cause the physical shaping of the
Earth’s surface. They are broadly categorized into:

1. Endogenetic Processes (Internal Forces)


These originate from within the Earth and are responsible for creating landforms.

a) Diastrophism
- Involves movement of the solid part of the Earth's crust.

 - Divided into:

 - Epeirogenic movements: Upward or downward movements causing continental uplift


or subsidence.
 - Orogenic movements: Responsible for mountain building.
 - Associated with:

 - Tension → formation of faults.


 - Compression → folding of rocks.

b) Sudden (Catastrophic) Movements


 - Earthquakes
 - Volcanism

2. Exogenetic Processes (External Forces)


These operate on the Earth’s surface and modify the landforms created by endogenic processes.

a) Weathering
- Breakdown of rocks in place.

 - Types:

1. 1. Physical Weathering
2. 2. Chemical Weathering
3. 3. Biological Weathering

b) Erosion
- Removal and transportation of weathered material.

 - Agents:
 - Ice
 - Rivers
 - Sea
 - Wind
 - Underground water
 - Waves

Mass Movement
Movement of weathered material downslope due to gravity, without the aid of a transporting
medium.

Types of Mass Movement


 - Based on Speed:

 - Slow:

 - Creep: Very gradual movement.


 - Solifluction: Slow flow of water-saturated soil in permafrost areas.

 - Rapid:

 - Flow:
 - Earthflow
 - Mudflow
 - Debris Avalanche
 - Slide:
 - Landslide
 - Slump
 - Rockslide
 - Rockfall

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