FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
MODULE # 6C – ALTERATIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS
Introduction
This module discusses adolescent health problems result from the rapid physiologic
changes taking place, the adolescent’s reaction to those changes, and the stress, conflict, and
confusion that characterize adolescence. As adolescents struggle with questions about identity,
independence, career, sexuality, morality, and emotions, alterations in their size and physical
appearance make them uncomfortable and even unfamiliar with themselves. Coping with these
changes and uncertainties is difficult for every adolescent, but for some it is impossible. Lacking
adequate coping mechanisms, many adolescents feel there is no solution but escape and they
seek that escape through alcohol or drugs, committing suicide, or other self-destructive
behavior. Motor vehicle accidents, homicide, and suicide are common causes of death in the
adolescent age group.
Nurses are assuming an increasingly important role in helping adolescents understand,
manage, and prevent health problems. Fulfillment of this role demands an understanding of
adolescent growth and development and the ability to listen, observe carefully, and project a
sensitive, nonjudgmental attitude.
Learning Outcomes
LO1 Integrate concepts, theories and principles of sciences and humanities in the formulation and
application of appropriate nursing care to mothers and children at-risk / high risk, acute or chronic
conditions during childbearing and childrearing years.
LO2 Apply maternal and child nursing concepts and principles to at risk/high risk/ and sick clients during
childbearing and child rearing years holistically and comprehensively.
LO3 Assess mothers and children at – risk / high risk /with acute or chronic conditions with the
use of specific methods and tools to address existing health needs.
LO4 Formulate nursing diagnoses to address needs / problems of mothers and children at -
risk/high risk/with acute or chronic conditions.
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
LO5 Implement safe and quality nursing interventions addressing health needs/ problems of
mothers and children at - risk / high risk/s with acute or chronic conditions.
LO7 Evaluate with mothers and children the at - risk/high risk/with acute or chronic conditions
the health outcomes of nurse-client relationship.
Topic Outline
1. Child Abuse
2. Suicide
3. Substance Abuse
Learning Content
CHILD ABUSE
Definition of a child
♦ A person who is below 18 years of age.
♦ A person who is above 18 but cannot take care of himself due to certain circumstance.
Child Abuse / Maltreatment
♦ Includes intentional physical abuse or neglect, emotional abuse or neglect, sexual
abuse
Types of Abuse
1. Physical abuse
♦ characterized by physical injury (e.g. bruises and fractures) resulting from punching,
beating, kicking, biting, or otherwise harming a child.
♦ Injury may have resulted from over discipline or physical punishment that is inappropriate
to the child's age or condition.
What are the characteristics of parents who physically abuse children
a. Emotionally impaired
b. Substance abuser
c. Lack of social support
d. Presence of domestic violence
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
e. History of childhood abuse
Signs of Physical abuse
a. Bruises, scratches, burns, broken bones, lacerations
b. Repeated "mishaps"
c. Rough treatment that could cause physical injury
d. Multiple injuries or fractures at different stages of healing
Physically abused children may also have problems with:
a. Academic achievement
b. Physical development and coordination
c. Developing friendships and relationships (vigilant and mistrustful)
d. Aggression and anger management ("emotional storms": profound grief, fear, or rage)
e. Depression, anxiety and low self-esteem.
2. Sexual abuse
• Includes wide range of behavior; fondling of a child's genitals, intercourse, rape, sodomy,
exhibitionism and commercial exploitation through prostitution or the production of
pornographic materials.
a. Sexual Exploitation
• Children whether male or female, who for money, profit or any other consideration or
due to the coercion or influence of any adult, syndicate or group, indulge in sexual
intercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be children exploited in prostitution
and other sexual abuse.
b. Sexual abuse
• The participation of a child in a sexual act aimed toward the physical gratification or the
financial profit of the person committing the act.
• Forms of CSA include asking or pressuring a child to engage in sexual activities
(regardless of the outcome),indecent exposure of the genitals to a child, displaying
pornography to a child, actual sexual contact with a child, physical contact with the
child's genitals, viewing of the child's genitalia without physical contact, or using a child
to produce child pornography, selling the sexual services of children
c. Child marriage
• Marriage whereby minors are given in matrimony - often before puberty.
• These marriages are typically arranged and often forced
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
Types of sexual maltreatment:
1. Incest - any physical sexual activity between family members; blood relationship is not
required (abusers can include: stepparents, nonrelated siblings,grandparents, uncles,
aunts)
2. Molestation – includes indecent liberties (touching, fondling, kissing, single or mutual
masturbation, or oral-genital contact)
3. Exhibitionism – indecent exposure, usually exposure of the genitals.
4. Child pornography – arranging and photographing, in any media, sexual acts involving
children, alone or with adults or animals, regardless of consent by the child’s legal
guardian
5. Child prostitution – involving children in sex acts for profit and usually with changing
partners
6. Pedophilia – literally means “love of child” and does not denote a type of sexual activity
but the preference of an adult for pre-pubertal children as the means of achieving sexual
excitement
Signs in childhood
1. Withdrawn, unhappy and suicidal behaviour
2. Self-harm and suicidality
3. Aggressive and violent behaviour
4. Bedwetting, sleep problems, nightmares
5. Eating problems e.g. anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
6. Mood swings
7. Detachment
8. Pains for no medical reason
9. Sexual behaviour, language, or knowledge too advanced for their age
3. Psychological / Emotional Abuse
• refers to the psychological and social aspects of child abuse that have caused or
could cause serious behavioral, cognitive, emotional or mental disorder.
• parenting style may be characterised by overt aggression towards their children,
including shouting and intimidation, or they may manipulate their children using more
subtle means, such as emotional blackmail. loud yelling, coarse and rude attitude,
inattention, harsh criticism, and denigration of the child's personality, name- calling,
ridicule, degradation, destruction of personal belongings, torture or killing of a pet,
4|Pa g e
NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
excessive criticism, routine labeling or humiliation, inappropriate or excessive
demands, withholding communication
• Children can be emotionally abused by teachers and other adults in a position of
power over the child, by other children in the form of "bullying"
4. Neglect
Neglect can be:
1. Physical - refusal of or delay in seeking health care, abandonment, inadequate
supervision and expulsion from home or refusing to allow a runaway to return
home
2. Educational - Failure to enrol a child of mandatory school age and inattention to a
special educational need
3. Emotional - a lack of attention from the people surrounding a child, and the non-
provision of the relevant & adequate necessities for the child's survival, which
would be a lacking in attention, love, and nurture.
Some of the observable signs in a neglected child:
1. Frequent absenteeism from school
2. Begs or steals food or money
3. Lacks needed medical and dental care
4. Consistently dirty, or lacks sufficient clothing for the weather
5. Delays in physical and psychosocial development
6. Disorganized attachments and a need to control their environment
7. Shows aggressive and hyperactive behaviors to caregivers
8. Manipulative and disingenuous in their interactions with others
9. Difficult time forming and maintaining relationships
Child trafficking
• The act of trading or dealing with children, including but not limited to, the buying
and selling children for money,
or for any other consideration, or barter.
• Child trafficking is the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt
of children for the purpose of
exploitation
Child Labor
• The employment of children below 15 years of age who are forced, suffer to work
for money or for any other consideration.
• The employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood,
interferes with their ability to attend regular school, or is mentally, physically,
socially or morally dangerous and harmful
Abandoned
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
• The failure to provide for the care and support of a child for at least six (6)
continuous months for no valid reason shall be presumed as an intent to
abandon the child unless said failure is due to reasons beyond the control of the
parent or is due to financial reasons.
• Failure to report to law enforcement agency or to Department of Social Welfare
and Development (DSWD) that the child is missing within seventy-two (72) hours
after his disappearance is discovered.
Suspect child abuse when there are:
1. Unusual injuries such as scalding and cigarette burns
2. Delays in seeking treatment, inconsistent history, or illogical explanation for the
injuries
3. Urinary tract infections; red, swollen, or bruised genitalia; tears of vagina or rectum
4. Old injuries that were not treated
5. Multiple, unexplained bruises
Therapeutic Management
1. Getting the child to a safe place once abuse is identified
2. Family therapy
3. Individual therapy for the child
4. Intensive involvement of social service agencies
5. Treatment for parents for any substance abuse or psychiatric issues
The rights of every Filipino child
It is my right
1. To be born. To have a name and nationality.
2. To be free. To have a family who will take care of me.
3. To have a good education.
4. To develop my potentials.
5. To have enough food, shelter, a healthy and active body.
6. To be given the opportunity for play and leisure.
7. To be given protection against abuse, danger and violence brought by war and onflict.
8. To live in a peaceful community.
9. To be defended and assisted by the government.
10. To be able to express my own views.
SUICIDE
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
• is deliberate self-injury with the intent to end one’s life.
Risk Factors
1. Mood disorders such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia (14%), personality
disorders (14%), bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder
2. Drug misuse
3. Psychological states - hopelessness, loss of pleasure in life, depression and anxiousness.
A poor ability to solve problems, the loss of abilities one used to have, and poor impulse
control also play a role. In older adults the perception of being a burden to others is
important; to escape bullying or prejudice. A history of childhood sexual abuse
4. Cultural
5. family and social situations
6. genetics
7. previously attempted suicide
8. the ready availability of a means to commit the act
9. a family history of suicide
10. the presence of traumatic brain injury.
11. Socio-economic problems such as unemployment, poverty, homelessness, and
discrimination may trigger suicidal thoughts.
12. War veterans have a higher risk of suicide due in part to higher rates of mental illness
and physical health problems related to war
Reasons why adolescent attempt/commit suicide:
1. Incest 5. Drug abuse 9. Poor problem-solving ability
2. Abuse 6. Financial difficulties 10. Environmental pressure
3. Anger 7. Increased chemical dependency 11. Loss (parents gf/bf;/ self-esteem)
4. Alcoholism 8. Marital instability in the family 12. Interpersonal relationships
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
Pathophysiology
Serotonin, a brain neurotransmitter, is believed to be low in those who commit suicide. This is
partly based on evidence of increased levels of 5-HT2A receptors found after death. Other
evidence includes reduced levels of a breakdown product of serotonin, 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic
acid, in the cerebral spinal fluid. Direct evidence is however hard to gather. Epigenetics, the
study of changes in genetic expression in response to environmental factors which do not alter
the underlying DNS, is also believed to play a role in determining suicide risk
The Leading Method of suicide varies among countries. The leading methods in different
regions include:
a. Hanging c. Poisoning
b. Pesticide d. Firearms
Suicide
• also known as completed suicide, is the "act of taking one's own life". Attempted
suicide or non-fatal suicidal behavior
• is self-injury with the desire to end one's life that does not result in death.
Assisted suicide
• is when one individual helps another bring about their own death indirectly via
providing either advice or the means to the end.
Suicidal ideations
• is thoughts of ending one's life but not taking any active efforts to do so
Incidence:
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
• is so common in adolescents that it ranks third as a cause of death in the 15 to 19 yrs old
group.
• successful suicide occurs frequently in males than in females,although more females
apparently attempt suicide than males , about 8:1. This has been attributed to males
using more lethal means to end their lives
• In many countries the rate of suicide is highest in the middle-aged or elderly.
• The strongest risk factor for suicide is depression.
Warning Signs of Suicide
1. Talking about wanting to die or to kill oneself.
2. Looking for a way to kill oneself, such as searching online or buying a gun.
3. Talking about feeling hopeless or having no reason to live.
4. Talking about feeling trapped or in unbearable pain.
5. Talking about being a burden to others.
6. Increasing the use of alcohol or drugs.
7. Acting anxious or agitated; behaving recklessly.
8. Sleeping too little or too much.
9. Withdrawn or feeling isolated.
10. Showing rage or talking about seeking revenge.
11. Displaying extreme mood swings.
12. Talking about suicide or death in general
13. Talking about "going away"
14. Referring to things they "won't be needing," and giving away possessions
15. Talking about feeling hopeless or feeling guilty
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
16. Pulling away from friends or family and losing the desire to go out
17. Having no desire to take part in favorite things or activities
18. Having trouble concentrating or thinking clearly
19. Experiencing changes in eating or sleeping habits
20. Engaging in self-destructive behavior (drinking alcohol, taking drugs, or cutting, for
example)
Additional Warning Signs of Suicide
1. Preoccupation with death
2. Suddenly happier, calmer
3. Loss of interest in things one cares about possessions
4. Visiting or calling people to say goodbye.
5. Making arrangements; setting one's affairs in order
6. Giving things away, such as prized
• A suicidal person urgently needs to see a doctor or mental health professional.
Therapeutic Management
1. Try to find out the things in the child’s life that are still viewed as important;
2. Build a plan that will help view life as worth living enough to work through problems
3. Show them no one can change everything but everyone can make one or two changes that
can make a difference.
After these small changes are made, a domino effect, can be created to change more and more
of one’s circumstances.
4. A general measure is to help adolescents speak honestly about thoughts of suicide and the
problems that have led them to think death is a solution.
5. It is important not to underestimate adolescent’s determination to end life.
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
6. In most instances,an adolescent at needs referral to a consultant well versed in suicide
prevention to improve self-image and other alternative solutions to problems
7. For adolescent’s safety, a period of observation in a hospital setting is desirable after suicide
attempt to prevent the adolescent from inflicting personal injury again and allow assessment in
a neutral setting away from the stress that precipitated the attempt.
8. Antidepressant medicine alone, a therapy used with depressed adults, may be a little value in
treating depressed adolescents. Fluoxetine is an example of a drug approved for the treatment
of depression in children 8 to 17 years of age.
When struggling with problems, it helps to:
1. Tell someone you trust what's going on with you.
2. Be around people who are caring and positive.
3. Ask someone to help you figure out what to do about a problem you're facing.
4. Work with a therapist or counselor if problems are getting you down and depressed — or if
you don't have a strong support network or feel you can't cope.
Prevention
1. Limit access to firearms, treating mental illness and drug misuse, and improving economic
circumstances
2. Reduce access to alcohol
3. Barriers on bridges and subway platforms
4. Treatment of drug and alcohol addiction, depression, and those who have attempted suicide
in the past
5. Counselors and therapists to provide emotional support and can help teens build their own
coping skills for dealing with problems.
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
6. Join a support network for people who are going through the same problems these groups
can help provide a caring environment where you can talk through problems with people who
share your concerns.
7. Efforts to increase social connection especially in elderly males may be effective
SUBSTANCE ABUSE
• Alcohol is the substance abused most frequently by adolescents, followed by marijuana
and tobacco.
• Teens have access to it at parties
Teenagers at risk for developing serious alcohol and drug problems include those:
1. With a family history of substance abuse
2. Those who are depressed
3. Those who have low self-esteem, and who feel like they don’t fit in or are out of the
mainstream.
• The majority of adults who smoke cigarettes begin smoking during adolescence.
If an adolescent reaches the age of 18 to 19 years without becoming a smoker,
it is highly unlikely that he will become a smoker as an adult.
• Substance use among adolescents occurs from experimentation to dependence.
Stages of Drug Use MacDonald (1987)
• Stage 0: Showing curiosity.
• Stage 1: Learning about the drug-induced mood swings. The teen learns more about use
of drugs, but use is limited to group settings, usually on weekends. Peer pressure is
frequently intense and is a prime reason for continuance.
• Stage 2: Seeking the drug-induced mood swings. Having learned that these drugs can
alleviate perceived pain and anxiety, the adolescent now seeks the highs of drug use.
The teen may acquire a supply of drugs and paraphernalia. The drugs are now used
more to relax than as part of the social scene. The teen becomes a regular weekend and
occasional weekday user. There may be a decrease in school performance and
abandonment of extracurricular interests.
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
• Stage 3: Being preoccupied with the drug-induced mood swings. The teen loses control
of his or her life and is concerned only with getting high. The behavioral changes are
more pronounced and more obvious. New behaviors may also include stealing, school
truancy, and lying. Drug dealing, to obtain the money necessary for continued
drug use, may start.
• Stage 4 : Burnout. At this point the teen is using drugs just to feel normal. Drugs may no
longer produce euphoria. "Zombies" and "space cadets" are common terms used by
adolescents to describe this group
Drug use is associated with a variety of negative consequences:
1. Increased risk of serious drug use later in life
2. School failure
3. Poor judgment
• which may put teens at risk for:
a. Accidents
b. Violence
c. Unplanned and unsafe sex
d. Crime
e. Suicide
Manifestations of Drug Abuse
1. Declining interest in school or work
2. Suddenly changes friends (hangs out with individuals known for their drug use)
3. Becomes pessimistic, irritable and anxious all the time
4. Asks to be left alone a lot
5. Is always tired (or makes it as an excuse to be left alone)
6. Becomes careless and often becomes involved in accidents
7. Becomes implicated in a lot of fights
8. Frequent mood swings
9. Sudden change in appearance and conduct (red or puffy eyes, weight changes, constant
complaints of headaches or stomachaches, shaking, incessant cough, brown stains on
fingertips, stumbling, or a constant runny nose)
10. Loss of interest in hobbies or sports
11. Exhibits poor judgment
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
12. Finds it difficult to concentrate
Parents can prevent their children from using drugs by:
1. Talking to them about drugs
2. Open communication
3. Role modelling
4. Responsible behavior
5. Recognizing if problems are developing.
Most commonly abused drugs and their Ill Effects
• Teenagers abuse a variety of drugs, both legal and illegal. Legally available drugs include
alcohol, prescribed medications, inhalants (fumes from glues, aerosols, and solvents)
and over-the-counter cough, cold, sleep, and diet medications. The most commonly
used illegal drugs are marijuana (pot), stimulants (cocaine, crack, and speed), opiates,
heroin, and designer drugs (Ecstasy).
1. Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
• Methamphetamine hydrochloride is found to have harmful effects to the brain. It
changes how the brain functions. Studies have shown that methamphetamine abusers
have reduced motor skills and impaired verbal learning as a result of alterations in the
activity of the dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in reward, motivation, experience
of pleasure and motor function.
• Street names: shabs, ice, meth, crystal, kristal, basura, tawas
Other adverse effects of methamphetamine:
• Extreme weight loss
• Insomnia
• Severe dental problems (“meth mouth”)
• Mood disturbances
• Anxiety
• Violent behavior
• Confusion
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
2. Cannabis Sativa (Marijuana)
• Marijuana use impairs a person's ability to form new memories and to shift focus. Its
active component, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) also disrupts coordination and balance,
posture, and reaction time (experience commonly referred to as “spacing out”). Thus,
chronic marijuana use significantly reduces a person’s capacity to learn, carry-out
complicated tasks, participate in sports, driving and operating other machineries.
Studies also show that marijuana use can lead to lung cancer and other problems in the
respiratory and immune systems.
• Street names: weed, jutes, pot, grass, damo, chongke
Health problems that come with the use of marijuana include:
• Problems with memory and learning
• Distorted perception(sights, sounds, time, touch)
• Trouble with thinking and problem solving
• Loss of motor coordination
• Increased heart rate and palpitations
3. Inhalants
• The effects of inhalants are similar to that of alcohol, including slurred speech, lack
of coordination, euphoria and dizziness. Inhalant abusers may also experience
lightheadedness, hallucinations, and delusions.
Harmful irreversible effects of inhalants include:
• Hearing loss
• Central nervous system or brain damage
• Limb spasms
• Bone marrow damage
Terminologies:
Drugs
• chemicals that affect a person in such a way as to bring about physiological, emotional,
or behavioral change.
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
Dangerous drugs
• are those that have high tendency for abuse and dependency
• these substances may be organic or synthetic, and pose harm to those who use them.
Drug intoxication
• Changes in physiological functioning, psychological functioning, mood states, cognitive
processes, or all of these, as a consequence of excessive consumption of a drug; usually
disruptive.
Drug Addiction
• a complex, and often chronic, brain disease. It is characterized by excessive drug craving,
seeking, and use.
• Addiction is caused by brain changes caused by constant drug use.
Drug Abuse
• exists when a person continually uses a drug other than its intended purpose. This
continued use can lead to drug dependence, a state of physical and psychological
dependence or both on a dangerous drug.
Dependency
• the state of physical and psychological dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, or
drugs, experienced by a person following the use of that substance on a periodic or
continuous basis. A person dependent on drugs will experience withdrawal reactions
(also known as “cold turkey”, symptoms that occur after long-term use of a drug is
reduced or stopped abruptly) after abstaining from drugs.
Psychological dependence
• emotional state of craving a drug either for its positive effect or to avoid negative effects
associated with its absence.
Physical dependence
16 | P a g e
NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
• A physiological state of adaptation to a drug, usually characterized by the development
of tolerance to drug effects and the emergence of a withdrawal syndrome during
prolonged abstinence.
Depressant
• a drug that slows a person down.
• prescribed to help people be less angry, anxious, or tense. It relax muscles and make
people feel sleepy or like their head are stuffed
Hallucinogen
• a drug, such as LSD, that changes a person's mood and makes him see, hear, or think
things that aren't really there. It may cause hallucinations - this is when people think
they see or hear imaginary people or things.
High
• the feeling that drug users want to get when they take drugs. There are many types of
high, including a spacey feeling, euphoria, or a feeling that a person has “special
powers”, such as the ability to fly or see into the future.
Stimulant
• speeds up a person's body and brain.
• Usually stimulants make a person high energetic. When the effects of a stimulant wear
off, a person will feel tired or sick
LEARNING RESOURCES:
Child Abuse - [Link]
[Link]
Substance Abuse- [Link]
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers
FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
INSTITUTE OF HEALTH SCIENCES AND NURSING
FIRST SEMESTER – AY 2023 – 2024
NUR 1210 – NCM 109 CARE OF THE MOTHER AND CHILD AT RISK OR WITH PROBLEM
LEARNING ACTIVITIES:
REFERENCES
Hockenberry, M.; Wilson, D; Rodgers, C. Wong’s Nursing Care of Infants and Children (2019) 2nd
Philippine Edition: Elsevier Saunders
Silbert-Flagg, Joanne. Maternal and child health nursing. Care of the childbearing and
childrearing family. Ninth edition. Philadelphia; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins: 2023.
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NUR 1210 – PEDIA CONCEPT
Prepared by MCN FEU Faculty Lecturers