Chapter1 Introductionto Computers
JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
Chapter1Objectives
Recognizetheimportanceof computerliteracy Definetheterm,computer Describethecategoriesofcomputers Identifythecomponents ofacomputer Discusstheadvantagesand disadvantagesofusingcomputers Recognizethepurposeofanetwork DiscusstheusesoftheInternetand WorldWideWeb Discussvariouscomputer applicationsinsociety Identifytheelementsof aninformationsystem Describethevarioustypes ofcomputerusers Distinguishbetweensystemsoftware andapplicationsoftware
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JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
AWorldofComputers
Whatiscomputerliteracy?
Knowledgeandunderstandingofcomputersandtheir g g uses Computersareeverywhere
p.56Fig.11 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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WhatIsaComputer?
Howisacomputer defined?
Electronicdeviceoperatingunderthecontrolof g instructionsstoredinitsownmemory
Processesdatainto information
Datathatisorganized, Datathatisorganized meaningful,anduseful
Accepts data
Rawfacts,figures,and , g , symbols
Producesandstoresresults
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WhatIsaComputer?
Whatistheinformation processingcycle?
Input p Process Output Storage Communication
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisaninputdevice?
Hardware usedto enterdataand instructions
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Linkfromleftnavigation, thenclickInputDevices belowChapter1 p.7Fig.13 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisanoutputdevice?
Hardwarethat conveysinformation tooneormore people
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Link fromleftnavigation, thenclickOutputDevices belowChapter1 p.8Fig.13 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisthesystemunit?
Casecontaining g electronic componentsusedto processdata
p.8Fig.13 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whataretwomaincomponentsonthemotherboard?
CentralProcessingUnit(CPU)
AlsocalledaprocessorTheelectroniccomponentthat interpretsandcarriesoutthebasicinstructionsthat operatethecomputer
Memory
Consistsofelectroniccomponentsthatstore C i t f l t i t th t t instructionswaitingtobeexecutedanddataneededby thoseinstructions
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisstorage?
Holdsdata,instructions,andinformation forfutureuse
Storagemedia
Physicalmaterialonwhichdata,instructions, andinformationarestored
Storagedevice
Recordsandretrievesitemstoandfrom d d i i df astoragemedium
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatis storagemedia?
Digital cameras
Portable,thin P t bl thi memorycards usedin:
Handheld computers
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisafloppydisk?
Thin,circular,flexibledisk enclosedinrigidplastic shell
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TheComponentsofaComputer
WhatisaUSBflashdrive?
Providesmuchgreater g storagecapacitythana floppydiskorZip disk Smallandlightweight S ll dlight ight enoughtobetransported onakeychainorinapocket y p
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisaharddisk?
Providesgreaterstorage g g capacitythanafloppy disk,Zipdisk,orUSBflash drive Mostarehousedinside ofthesystemunit y
p.8Fig.14 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisacompactdisc?
Flat,round,portablemetaldisc p
CDROM DVDROM
p.9Fig.15 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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TheComponentsofaComputer
Whatisacommunicationsdevice?
Hardwarecomponentthat enablesacomputerto p sendandreceivedata,instructions, andinformation
Occursovercables,telephone lines,cellularradionetworks, satellites,andother lli d h transmissionmedia
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Linkfromleftnavigation, thenclickCommunications DevicesbelowChapter1 p.9 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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AdvantagesandDisadvantages ofUsingComputers
Whataretheadvantagesofusingcomputers?
Speed
Reliability
Consistency
Storage
Communications
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AdvantagesandDisadvantages ofUsingComputers
Whatarethedisadvantagesofusingcomputers?
Violationof Privacy
Impacton p LaborForce
HealthRisks
Impacton Environment
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NetworksandtheInternet
Whatisanetwork?
Collectionofcomputersanddevicesconnectedtogether p g
Communications Device
Enablesa connection between computers t Onetypeis amodem Cables Telephone lines Cellular radio
Transmission Media
Satellites S t llit
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NetworksandtheInternet
Whatarethereasonstonetwork?
Toshare
Resources Hardware devices Software S ft programs Data
Information
Tosave time and money
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NetworksandtheInternet
Whatisaserver?
Aservermanages g theresourcesona network Clientsaccessthe Cli t th resourcesonthe server
p.11Fig.16 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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NetworksandtheInternet
WhatistheInternet?
Worldwidecollectionofnetworksthatconnectsmillions ofbusinesses,governmentagencies,educational institutions,andindividuals
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Linkfromleftnavigation, thenclickInternet belowChapter1 p.12Fig.17 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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NetworksandtheInternet
WhydousersaccesstheInternet?
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Communications Information Shopping BankingandInvesting Classes
6. 6 Entertainment
p.1213Fig.18 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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NetworksandtheInternet
WhatistheWeb?
Billionsofdocuments,calledWebpages,availableto g anyoneconnectedtotheInternet
AWebsite is acollectionof relatedWebpages p g
AWebpage contains text,graphics,sound, video,andlinksto otherWebpages th W b
Youcanshare informationby creatingWebpages orpostingphotoson aphotosharing community i
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ComputerSoftware
Whatissoftware?
Consistsofaseries ofinstructionsthat tellsthecomputer whattodo
Alsocalleda program
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Linkfromleftnavigation, thenclickComputer ProgramsbelowChapter1 p.15 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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ComputerSoftware
Whatisagraphicaluserinterface(GUI)?
Allowsyoutointeract withthesoftware usinggraphicsand icons Controlshowyou enterdataandhow thescreendisplays information
p.15Fig.110 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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ComputerSoftware
Whatis systemsoftware?
Programsthatcontrolormaintaintheoperationsofthe g computeranditsdevices
OperatingSystem(OS)
isasetofprograms thatcoordinatesall activitiesamong computerhardware devicesandallows userstorun applicationsoftware
UtilityPrograms allowtheuserto
performmaintenancetypetasks f i t t t k usuallyrelatedtomanaginga computer,itsdevicesoritsprograms
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ComputerSoftware
Whatis applicationsoftware?
Programsthatperform g specifictasksforusers
Word Processing Database D t b Spreadsheet Presentation Graphics
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,ClickWeb Link fromleftnavigation, thenclickApplication SoftwarebelowChapter1 p.16Fig.111 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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ComputerSoftware
Howdoyouinstall andrun programs?
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ComputerSoftware
Whatisa programmer?
Someonewhodevelops applicationorsystem software
Programmerwrites instructionsto directcomputerto p processdatainto information
Javascriptprogram
p.18Fig.113
ResultingInternetapplication
JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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CategoriesofComputers
Whatarethecategoriesofcomputers?
PersonalComputers (desktop) MobileComputersand MobileDevices MidrangeServers Mainframes Supercomputers EmbeddedComputers p
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PersonalComputers
Whatarethetwomostpopularseriesofpersonal computers? p
PCandcompatibles usetheWindows operatingsystem AppleMacintosh usestheMacintosh operatingsystem (MacOS)
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,Click WebLinkfromleft navigation,thenclick PersonalComputersbelow Chapter1 p.19Figs.115116 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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PersonalComputers
Whatisa desktopcomputer?
Designedsoallofthecomponentsfitentirelyon g orunderadeskortable
p.1920Fig.115 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatisa notebookcomputer?
Portable,smallenough g tofitonyourlap Alsocalledalaptop computer Generallymore expensivethana p desktopcomputer
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,Click WebLinkfromleft navigation,thenclick NotebookComputers belowChapter1 p.20Fig.117 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatisa TabletPC?
Resemblesalettersized slate Allowsyoutowriteonthe screenusingadigitalpen Especiallyusefulfortaking notes
p.21Fig.118 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whataremobiledevices?
Smallenoughtocarryina g y pocket Internetenabled telephone isa smartphone isasmartphone
p.21Fig.120 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatisa handheldcomputer?
Small enoughtofit inonehand
Used bymobile employeessuchas meterreadersand deliverypeople
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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatisa personaldigitalassistant (PDA)?
Providespersonalorganizerfunctions g
Calendar Appointmentbook Addressbook Calculator Notepad N t d
p.22Fig.120 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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MobileComputersandMobileDevices
Whatare smartphones andsmartwatches?
Asmartphoneis anInternetenabled telephonethatusually providesPDAcapabilities AsmartwatchisanInternet AsmartwatchisanInternet enabledwatchthat automaticallyadjuststo timezonechangesand ti h d storespersonalinformation
p.22Figs.121122 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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Servers
Whattypesofserversarethere?
Midrangeserver Powerful,large computerthatsupportsuptoafew thousandcomputers Mainframe Verypowerful, expensivecomputerthatsupports thousandsofcomputers Supercomputer Thefastest,most powerful,mostexpensive [Link] requiringcomplexmathematical calculations
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EmbeddedComputers
Whatisanembeddedcomputer?
Aspecialpurposecomputerthatfunctionsasa componentinalargerproduct
p.24Fig.126 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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ElementsofanInformationSystem
Whatareinformationsystemelements?
Hardware Software Data People Procedures
p.25Fig.127 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whatsoftwareisavailableforahomeuser?
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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whatsoftwareisavailableforasmalloffice/home office (SOHO)user?
Productivity software Specialtysoftware S i lt ft Webusage Email
p.28Fig.130 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whatisavailablefor amobileuser?
Hardware
Notebookcomputers PDAs Smartphones
Software Soft
Wordprocessing Spreadsheet Presentationgraphics P t ti hi software
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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whataretheneedsofapoweruser?
Speedandlargeamountsofstorage p g g Typesofpowerusers
Engineers Scientists Scienti t Architects pp Desktoppublishers Graphicartists
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ExamplesofComputerUsage
Whataretheneedsofthelargebusinessuser?
ClicktoviewWebLink, clickChapter1,Click WebLinkfromleft navigation,thenclick EnterpriseComputing belowChapter1 p.30Figs.133134 JimMichaelWidi,[Link]
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ComputerApplicationsinSociety
Whataresomeexamples ofcomputerapplications p pp insociety?
Education Finance Fi Government Healthcare Science Publishing Travel Industry
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SummaryofIntroductiontoComputers
Theimportanceofcomputerliteracy Theterm,computer Thecomponentsofacomputer Theadvantagesanddisadvantages ofusingcomputers Thepurposeofanetwork TheusesoftheInternet andWorldWideWeb Computerapplicationsinsociety Elementsofaninformationsystem Typesofcomputerusers Systemsoftwareand applicationsoftware li ti ft Categoriesofcomputers
Chapter1Complete
JimMichaelWidi,[Link]